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U+66F8, 書
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66F8

[U+66F7]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+66F9]
書 U+2F8CC, 書
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8CC
旣
[U+2F8CB]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 晉
[U+2F8CD]

Translingual

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Stroke order
 

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 73, +6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 中土日 (LGA), four-corner 50601, composition 𦘒)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 502, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14294
  • Dae Jaweon: page 874, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1509, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+66F8

Chinese

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trad.
simp.
alternative forms 𦘠
𰭽
 
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • (Cantonese)
  • (Classical)
  • (Gan)
 
(1)

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
     

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hlja): semantic (writing brush) + phonetic (OC *tjaːʔ).

Etymology

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Unknown (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • zy1 - vernacular;
  • sy1 - literary.
Note:
  • chu/chir - vernacular;
  • su/sir/si - literary.
Note:
  • zu1 - vernacular;
  • xi1 - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (26)
Final () (22)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter syo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɕɨʌ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɕiɔ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɕiɔ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɕɨə̆/
Li
Rong
/ɕiɔ/
Wang
Li
/ɕĭo/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ɕi̯wo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shū
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
syu1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shū
Middle
Chinese
‹ syo ›
Old
Chinese
/*s-ta/
English write

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 17013
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*hlja/

Definitions

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  1. book; codex (Classifier: ; ; )
    產生共鳴 [MSC, trad.]
    产生共鸣 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ duì zhè běn shū chǎnshēng le gòngmíng. [Pinyin]
    I resonated with this book.
    唔記得唔记得 [Cantonese]  ―  m4 gei3 dak1 maai5 syu1 [Jyutping]  ―  to forget to buy textbooks
  2. letter; document
    證明证明  ―  zhèngmíngshū  ―  certificate
    推薦推荐  ―  tuījiànshū  ―  recommendation letter
      ―  qíngshū  ―  love letter
      ―  jiāshū  ―  letter to or from one's family or home
    告臺灣同胞 [MSC, trad.]
    告台湾同胞 [MSC, simp.]
    “Gào Táiwān Tóngbāo Shū [Pinyin]
    Message to the Compatriots in Taiwan
  3. form of a written or printed Chinese character; style of calligraphy; script; font
      ―  kǎishū  ―  regular script
      ―  shū  ―  clerical script
  4. (literary) Chinese character; writing; script
  5. (literary) the art of calligraphy
  6. (historical) ancient government post in charge of secretarial duties
  7. (historical) imperial edict
  8. storytelling
      ―  shuōshū  ―  to perform pingshu (storytelling)
      ―  tīngshū  ―  to listen to performance of pingshu (storytelling)
  9. to write
      ―  shūxiě  ―  to write
    罄竹難罄竹难  ―  qìngzhúnánshū  ―  (of crimes) to be too many to mention
  10. (Cantonese, education) teaching materials (Classifier: c;  c) (clarification of this definition is needed)
    [Cantonese]  ―  teng1 syu1 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  11. Short for 書經书经 (Shūjīng, “the Classic of History”).
  12. a surname

Synonyms

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  • (letter):

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (しょ) (sho)
  • Korean: 서(書) (seo)
  • Vietnamese: thư ()

"Others":

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: しょ (sho, Jōyō)しよ (syo, historical)
  • Kan-on: しょ (sho, Jōyō)しよ (syo, historical)
  • Kun: かく (kaku, 書く, Jōyō)ふみ (fumi, )

Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
しょ
Grade: 2
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (syo, writing).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(しょ) (sho

  1. document

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
ふみ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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(ふみ) (fumi

  1. letter

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC syo). Recorded as Middle Korean (sye) (Yale: sye) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun (geul seo))

  1. Hanja form? of (document).

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

Okinawan

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Kanji

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(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: thư

Noun

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(classifier (bức), ())

  1. chữ Hán form of thư ((post) a letter).
    (hòm)(thư)(điện)(tử)an e-mail

Affix

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  1. chữ Hán form of thư ((dated or historical) a document, book or compilation).
    (chứng)(minh)(thư)
    an identity card
    (Hậu)(Hán)(thư)the Book of (Later) Han
    (Đại)(Việt)(sử)()(toàn)(thư)Complete Annals of Đại Việt

Usage notes

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In Chinese,  / (shū) ambiguously means "book", "document" or "letter". In Vietnamese, the senses of "book" and "document" are only fossilized and not productive. The free noun only means "letter". For the free noun meaning "book", use (sách) instead.

Derived terms

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