鴻

See also: 鸿

鴻	U+9D3B, 鴻 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9D3B

← 鴺
[U+9D3A]

CJK Unified Ideographs

鴼 →
[U+9D3C]

Translingual

Han character

鴻 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+6, 17 strokes, cangjie input 水一竹火 (EMHF) or 難水一竹火 (XEMHF), four-corner 3712₇, composition ⿰江鳥 or ⿰氵䲨)

species of wild swan
vast

Derived characters

𫊓

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1488, character 20
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46874
Dae Jaweon: page 2019, character 19
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4632, character 8
Unihan data for U+9D3B

Chinese

trad.		鴻
simp.		鸿
alternative forms		𨾊䲨／𬷾𩾯／⿰氵鸟𪀤𪅯

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (工) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
缸	kroːŋ, ɡroːŋ
篢	kluːmʔ, koːŋ
贑	*kluːmʔ
涳	ŋr'oːŋ, kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
江	*kroːŋ
肛	kroːŋ, qʰroːŋ
扛	*kroːŋ
杠	*kroːŋ
豇	*kroːŋ
茳	*kroːŋ
釭	kroːŋ, koːŋ, *kuːŋ
矼	*kroːŋ
玒	kroːŋ, koːŋ
虹	kroːŋs, koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ
腔	*kʰroːŋ
崆	kʰroːŋ, kʰoːŋ
羫	*kʰroːŋ
控	kʰroːŋ, kʰoːŋs
椌	kʰroːŋ, kʰoːŋ
悾	kʰroːŋ, kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
跫	kʰroːŋ, kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ
啌	*qʰroːŋ
谾	qʰroːŋ, qʰoːŋ
舡	*qʰroːŋ
缻	*ɡroːŋ
項	*ɡroːŋʔ
屸	*ɡ·roːŋ
功	*koːŋ
工	*koːŋ
疘	*koːŋ
魟	koːŋ, qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ
攻	koːŋ, kuːŋ
愩	*koːŋ
碽	*koːŋ
貢	*koːŋs
羾	*koːŋs
空	kʰoːŋ, kʰoːŋs
箜	*kʰoːŋ
硿	*kʰoːŋ
埪	*kʰoːŋ
鵼	*kʰoːŋ
倥	kʰoːŋ, kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs
鞚	*kʰoːŋs
叿	*qʰoːŋ
嗊	*qʰoːŋʔ
訌	*ɡoːŋ
紅	*ɡoːŋ
仜	*ɡoːŋ
葒	*ɡoːŋ
渱	*ɡoːŋ
鴻	ɡoːŋ, ɡoːŋʔ
汞	*ɡoːŋʔ
澒	*ɡoːŋʔ
鞏	*koŋʔ
巩	*koŋʔ
銎	kʰoŋ, qʰoŋ
恐	kʰoŋʔ, kʰoŋs
蛩	*ɡoŋ
筇	*ɡoŋ
桏	*ɡoŋ
邛	*ɡoŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ) : phonetic 江 (OC *kroːŋ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hóng (hong²)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hung⁴
Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): fung²
Northern Min (KCR): ǒ̤ng
Eastern Min (BUC): hūng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): horng²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hông

(Teochew, Peng'im): hong⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶ghon

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hóng
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hóng
  - Wade–Giles: hung²
  - Yale: húng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: horng
  - Palladius: хун (xun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xʊŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: hung⁴
  - Yale: hùhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hung⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: hung⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hʊŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fung²
  - Sinological IPA: /fʊŋ¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǒ̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hūng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: horng²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒŋ¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông
  - Tâi-lô: hông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoong
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hong⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hông
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hoŋ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶ghon
  - MiniDict: ghon^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhon
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦoŋ²³/

Middle Chinese: huwng, huwngX

Rime
Character	鴻	鴻
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	戸公切	胡孔切
Baxter	huwng	huwngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuŋ/	/ɦuŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuŋ/	/ɦuŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuŋ/	/ɣuŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəwŋ/	/ɦəwŋ^X/
Li Rong	/ɣuŋ/	/ɣuŋ^X/
Wang Li	/ɣuŋ/	/ɣuŋ^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣuŋ/	/ɣuŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hóng	hòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hung⁴	hung⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤoŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡoːŋ/, /*ɡoːŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鴻
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hóng
Middle Chinese	‹ huwng ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁoŋ/
English	kind of wild goose
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鴻	鴻
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	4061	4062
Phonetic component	工	工
Rime group	東	東
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	洪	澒
Old Chinese	/*ɡoːŋ/	/*ɡoːŋʔ/

Definitions

鴻

(literary) swan
(literary) swan goose
(literary, figuratively) letter; epistle; written message
(literary) of great size; big; large; huge
(literary) strong; powerful; energetic

Synonyms

(swan): (literary) 鴻鵠／鸿鹄 (hónghú), (literary) 鵠／鹄 (hú), 天鵝／天鹅 (tiān'é)

Dialectal synonyms of 大雁 (“swan goose”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		鴻雁, 鴻
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		雁, 大雁, 鴻雁
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	大雁
	Chengde	大雁
	Chifeng	大雁
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	大雁
	Heihe	大雁, 雁
	Qiqihar	大雁
	Harbin	大雁, 雁
	Jiamusi	大雁
	Baicheng	大雁
	Changchun	大雁
	Tonghua	大雁
	Shenyang	大雁, 雁
	Jinzhou	大雁, 雁
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	大雁
	Tangshan	大雁
	Cangzhou	大雁
	Baoding	大雁
	Shijiazhuang	大雁
	Lijin	大雁, 雁
	Jinan	大雁, 雁
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	大雁
	Dandong	大雁, 雁
	Yantai	大雁
	Yantai (Muping)	老雁
	Qingdao	雁
	Zhucheng	大雁
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	大雁, 雁
	Lingbao	雁
	Jining	大雁, 雁
	Wanrong	雁
	Linfen	大雁, 雁
	Shangqiu	大雁
	Yuanyang	大雁, 雁
	Zhengzhou	雁
	Xinyang	大雁
	Baihe	大雁
	Xi'an	大雁
	Baoji	大雁
	Tianshui	大雁
	Xining	咕嚕雁, 雁兒
	Xuzhou	大雁
	Fuyang	大雁, 雁
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	大雁, 雁
	Lanzhou	雁
	Dunhuang	咕嚕雁
	Hami	雁
	Ürümqi	大雁, 雁
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	大雁, 雁鵝
	Nanchong	雁
	Dazhou	雁鵝
	Hanyuan	雁鵝
	Xichang	雁鵝, 雁
	Zigong	雁鵝
	Chongqing	雁鵝
	Wuhan	大雁, 雁
	Yichang	大雁, 雁
	Xiangyang	大雁, 雁
	Tianmen	大雁, 雁
	Guiyang	雁鵝, 大雁
	Zunyi	雁鵝, 大雁
	Bijie	雁鵝
	Liping	大雁
	Zhaotong	雁鵝
	Dali	大雁
	Kunming	大雁, 雁
	Mengzi	大雁
	Guilin	大雁, 雁鵝
	Liuzhou	大雁
	Jishou	大雁
	Changde	雁鵝
	Hanzhong	大雁, 雁
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	大雁
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	大雁
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	雁子, 大雁子, 大雁
	Yangzhou	大雁
	Lianyungang	大雁
	Lianshui	雁
	Nantong	雁
	Anqing	雁
	Wuhu	雁
	Hefei	大雁
	Hong'an	雁鵝, 雁
Cantonese	Hong Kong	雁
	Dongguan	雁鵝, 雁
	Beihai	雁
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	大雁
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	大雁
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	雁
	Móng Cái	雁鵝
Gan	Nanchang	雁鵝
	Lichuan	雁
	Pingxiang	雁鵝
Hakka	Meixian	雁鵝
	Yudu	雁鵝
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	雁
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	雁
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	雁
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	雁
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	雁
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	雁
Huizhou	Jixi	雁
Huizhou	Shexian	雁
Jin	Taiyuan	大雁, 雁
	Yangyuan	大雁, 雁
	Datong	大雁, 雁
	Xinzhou	雁兒
	Lüliang (Lishi)	雁
	Changzhi	大雁, 雁
	Linhe	大雁
	Jining	大雁
	Hohhot	大雁, 雁
	Erenhot	大雁
	Pingshan	大雁, 雁
	Zhangjiakou	大雁
	Handan	大雁, 雁
	Linzhou	大雁
	Suide	雁
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	雁
Southern Min	Shantou	雁鵝
	Leizhou	雁鳥, 鵠鶴
	Haikou	雁鳥, 雁
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	雁
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	鵝娘子
Waxiang	Yuanling (Shaojiwan)	天鵝
Wu	Shanghai	大雁, 雁鵝
	Danyang	雁
	Hangzhou	雁鵝
	Ningbo	雁鵝
	Zhoushan	雁鵝
Xiang	Changsha	雁子, 雁鵝
Xiang	Loudi	雁, 雁阿
Xiangnan Tuhua	Jiangyong	雁鳥, 天鵝鳥
Xiangnan Tuhua	Dong'an	雁鵝
Yuebei Tuhua	Shaoguan (Dacun, Baitu, Qujiang)	大雁
	Shaoguan (Xiangyang, Xihe, Wujiang)	雁
	Shaoguan (Shibei, Xinshao, Zhenjiang)	湖鴨
	Renhua (Zhoutian)	大雁
	Renhua (Shitang)	大雁
	Ruyuan (Songwei, Guitou)	雁
	Lechang (Changlai)	天鵝
	Lechang (Beixiang)	白康
	Lechang (Huangpu)	天鵝
	Lechang (Guitang, Pingshi)	天鵝
	Lechang (Sanxi)	天鵝

(letter):

edit

信
信件 (xìnjiàn)
信函 (xìnhán)
信札 (xìnzhá)
八行 (bāháng) (literary)
八行書／八行书 (bāhángshū) (literary)
函件 (hánjiàn)
手書／手书 (shǒushū) (literary)
手簡／手简 (shǒujiǎn) (literary)
書／书 (shū) (literary, or in compounds)
書信／书信 (shūxìn) (formal)
書函／书函 (shūhán)
書札／书札 (shūzhá) (literary)
書牘／书牍 (shūdú) (literary)
書簡／书简 (shūjiǎn) (literary)
筆札／笔札 (bǐzhá) (literary, figurative)
簡／简 (jiǎn) (literary, or in compounds)

(of great size): 大 (dà)
(strong): 強／强 (qiáng)

Compounds

References

“鴻”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

鴻

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

a large bird
a wild goose
large/great
powerful
prosperous

Readings

Go-on: ぐ (gu)
Kan-on: こう (kō)
Kun: おおとり (ōtori, 鴻)^{←おほとり (ofotori, 鴻, historical)}、ひしくい (hishikui, 鴻)^{←ひしくひ (fisikufi, 鴻, historical)}

Pronunciation

Kanji in this term
鴻
ひしくい Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

(Tokyo) ひしくい [hìshíkúí] (Heiban – [0])
(Tokyo) ひしくい [hìshíkúꜜì] (Nakadaka – [3])
IPA^(key): [çi̥ɕikɯ̟i]

Noun

鴻(ひしくい) or 鴻(ヒシクイ) • (hishikui) ^{←ひしくひ (fisikufi) or ヒシクヒ (fisikufi)^?}

Alternative spelling of 菱食 (“taiga bean goose (Anser fabalis)”)

Korean

Hanja

鴻 • (hong) (hangeul 홍, revised hong, McCune–Reischauer hong, Yale hong)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

鴻: Hán Nôm readings: hồng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.