ér

• IPA^(key): [ˈeːr]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eːr

From Proto-Uralic *särä. Cognates include Northern Mansi та̄р (tār, “root”).

ér (plural erek)

2. (anatomy) blood vessel (artery, vein, or capillary)
3. (botany) vein (a thickened portion of the leaf containing the vascular bundle)

Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	ér	erek
accusative	eret	ereket
dative	érnek	ereknek
instrumental	érrel	erekkel
causal-final	érért	erekért
translative	érré	erekké
terminative	érig	erekig
essive-formal	érként	erekként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	érben	erekben
superessive	eren	ereken
adessive	érnél	ereknél
illative	érbe	erekbe
sublative	érre	erekre
allative	érhez	erekhez
elative	érből	erekből
delative	érről	erekről
ablative	értől	erektől
non-attributive possessive - singular	éré	ereké
non-attributive possessive - plural	éréi	erekéi

Possessive forms of ér
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	erem	ereim
2nd person sing.	ered	ereid
3rd person sing.	ere	erei
1st person plural	erünk	ereink
2nd person plural	eretek	ereitek
3rd person plural	erük	ereik

Controversial origin:

• From ér (“blood vessel”).
• From Proto-Uralic *šerɜ (“creek”).

ér (plural erek)

2. brook, streamlet, rill

   Hypernym: folyóvíz

   Coordinate terms: csermely, patak, folyó, folyam

Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	ér	erek
accusative	eret	ereket
dative	érnek	ereknek
instrumental	érrel	erekkel
causal-final	érért	erekért
translative	érré	erekké
terminative	érig	erekig
essive-formal	érként	erekként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	érben	erekben
superessive	eren	ereken
adessive	érnél	ereknél
illative	érbe	erekbe
sublative	érre	erekre
allative	érhez	erekhez
elative	érből	erekből
delative	érről	erekről
ablative	értől	erektől
non-attributive possessive - singular	éré	ereké
non-attributive possessive - plural	éréi	erekéi

Possessive forms of ér
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	erem	ereim
2nd person sing.	ered	ereid
3rd person sing.	ere	erei
1st person plural	erünk	ereink
2nd person plural	eretek	ereitek
3rd person plural	erük	ereik

Uncertain; perhaps from a Turkic language, compare Uyghur [script needed] (är-), Chagatai [script needed] (ir-), Turkish er- (“to reach”) verb forms.^[1] The second main meaning derives from the first, ér (“to reach”).^[2]

ér

2. (heading) To reach or extend until a point.
   1. (intransitive) to reach (a place), arrive, get somewhere (lative suffixes)

      Synonyms: odaér, elér, érkezik, megérkezik, jut, eljut

      • 1863, János Arany, Buda halála‎^[1], canto 6:

        Értek vala éjszakára / Kur vizének a partjára; / Folyóvíznek partja mellett / Paripájok jól legelhet.

        They find themselves as daylight sinks / where Kur’s broad waters sweep and swell. / On meadows by the river-brinks / their weary steeds may pasture well.^[2]

   2. (intransitive) to touch something (lative suffixes)

      A fa ága a vízhez ér. ― The branch of the tree touches the water.

      Synonyms: hozzáér, érint, megérint, érintkezik, (the next two can only apply to deliberate action) nyúl, hozzányúl

   3. (intransitive) to reach, stretch, extend as far as something (-ig) (to be long or deep or high enough)

      A szekrény a falig ér. ― The wardrobe extends as far as the wall.

      A víz a derekamig ér. ― The water comes / rises up to my waist.

   4. (transitive) to hit, strike, afflict someone; meet with, be faced with something (of a disaster or sometimes luck)

      A szomszédomat baleset érte. ― My neighbor had / met with an accident.

   5. (transitive) to catch someone (to discover unexpectedly; to surprise)

      Synonym: rajtakap

      • 1974, Leo Tolstoy (author), László Németh (translator), Anna Karenina [Anna Karenina], Bucharest: Kriterion Könyvkiadó (1989), →ISBN, volume 1, part 1, chapter 1, page 7:

        Az történt vele ebben a pillanatban, ami az emberrel történni szokott, ha váratlanul igen szégyenletes dolgon érik. Arcát nem tudta a helyzethez szabni, amelybe bűne felfedésével a felesége előtt került.

        There happened to him at that instant what does happen to people when they are unexpectedly caught in something very disgraceful. He did not succeed in adapting his face to the position in which he was placed towards his wife by the discovery of his fault.

   6. (transitive) to be able to use something (-val/-vel) meaningfully, to be of use to someone

      Synonyms: kezd, megy

      Mit érek húsz forinttal? ― What can I do with twenty forints? What use can twenty forints be to me?

4. (heading) To have some value or validity.
   1. (transitive) to be worth something

      Ez a cipő húszezer forintot ér. ― This pair of shoes is worth twenty thousand forints.

   3. to count, to be fair (to be legal according to the rules of a game)

      Synonyms: érvényes, szabályos

• This verb is a member of one of those (few) quasi-homonymous verb pairs that exist both with and without an -ik ending. All (intransitive) suffixed forms of these pairs are identical (sometimes they can even have derived forms that coincide), with the exception of their dictionary form (the third-person singular indicative present, with or without -ik). However, the meaning of these pairs is usually distinct, sometimes unrelated. Examples include (fel)áldoz–(le)áldozik, bán–bánik, (meg)bíz–(meg)bízik, ér–érik, esz (rare)–eszik, hajol–hajlik, (felül)múl–(el)múlik, (hozzá)nyúl–nyúlik, (el)vesz–(el)veszik~(el)vész, and tör–törik (along with their verbal prefixes), hall–hallik (archaic), érez–érzik (archaic), sometimes with some difference: (el)hibáz–hibádzik, (le)torkol–torkollik. Therefore one may well need to check the context and the arguments to ascertain which member of the verb pair is relevant.

(With verbal prefixes):

(With verbal prefixes):

• érik

• (blood vessel; streamlet): ér in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• (to reach; to have value): ér in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• ér in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

• ré

• er — nonstandard

ér (er², Zhuyin ㄦˊ)

1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 侕
2. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 児
3. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 兒／儿
4. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 唲
5. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 栭
6. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 洏
7. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 而
8. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 耏
9. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 聏
10. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 胹
11. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 荋
12. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 袻
13. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 輀／𮝵
14. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 轜
15. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 陑
16. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 隭
17. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 髵
18. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鮞／鲕
19. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鴯／鸸

• *īʀ — Old East Norse
• þér — younger form

From Proto-Germanic *jīz, Northwest Germanic form of *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́. The vowel change of long ī to long é is due to West Norse R-umlaut, caused by the Proto-Germanic -z, which in Proto-Norse changed to a -R sound, before merging with regular r. The East Norse form is thus ír.

ér (Old West Norse)

1. you (plural); ye

• Icelandic: ér
• ⇒ Old West Norse: þér (← hafið ér)
  • Icelandic: þér
  • Faroese: tær
  • Old Swedish: þær, þæ