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U+800C, 而
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-800C

[U+800B]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+800D]
U+2F7D, ⽽
KANGXI RADICAL AND

[U+2F7C]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2F7E]

Translingual

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Stroke order
6 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 126, +0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一月中中 (MBLL), four-corner 10227, composition 𦓐 or 𦉫)

  1. Kangxi radical #126, .

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 961, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28871
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1409, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2810, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+800C

Chinese

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simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) – a beard. Original form of (OC *nɯːs, *njɯ) or (OC *njɯ). See also .

Etymology

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"you; your"
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-ŋ (you). Cognate with (OC *njelʔ) and is considered a variant form thereof.
"then", "and"
Unstressed form of (OC *nɯːʔ) (Pulleyblank, 1995, p. 45).

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /əɻ³⁵/
Harbin /ɚ²¹³/
Tianjin /əɻ⁴⁵/
Jinan /əɻ⁴²/
Qingdao /əɻ⁵⁵/
/ɭə⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ɭ⁴²/
Xi'an /əɻ²¹/
Xining /ɛ²⁴/
Yinchuan /əɻ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ɯ⁵³/
Ürümqi /ɚ⁵¹/
Wuhan /ɯ²¹³/
Chengdu /əɻ³¹/
Guiyang /ɚ²¹/
Kunming /ə³¹/
Nanjing /əɻ²⁴/
Hefei /a⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /əɻ¹¹/
Pingyao /əɻ¹³/
Hohhot /aɻ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /əl²³/
Suzhou /əl¹³/
Hangzhou /əl²¹³/
Wenzhou /zz̩³¹/
Hui Shexian /ɛ⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ə⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ə¹³/
Xiangtan /e¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ɵ⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /i¹¹/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /ji²¹/
Nanning /ji²¹/
Hong Kong /ji²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /li³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /i⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /œ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /zɯ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /lɛ²¹³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (38)
Final () (19)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter nyi
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ȵɨ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ȵɨ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ȵʑie/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ȵɨ/
Li
Rong
/ȵiə/
Wang
Li
/ȵʑĭə/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ȵʑi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
ér
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ji4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
ér
Middle
Chinese
‹ nyi ›
Old
Chinese
/*nə/
English and, but

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 2720
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*njɯ/

Definitions

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  1. and (used to connect two clauses or adjectives)
    偉大艱巨任務 [MSC, trad.]
    伟大艰巨任务 [MSC, simp.]
    wěidà ér jiānjù de rènwù [Pinyin]
    a great and arduous task
  2. then (connecting two verbs or verb-phrases); and
  3. and yet; but; nevertheless (conjunction indicating concession or contrast)
    其實其实  ―  yǒu qí míng ér wú qíshí  ―  in name but not in reality
  4. to (often used with )
    自上  ―  zìshàng'érxià  ―  from top to bottom; top-down
  5. particle between adverbial element and verb to indicate cause, purpose, or manner
    半途半途  ―  bàntú'érfèi  ―  to give up halfway
    不幸言中  ��  bùxìng'éryánzhòng  ―  to make an accurate prediction despite its unfortunate nature
    1. particle between two verbs or verb phrases indicating that the first is used adverbially
      不得其門不得其门  ―  bùdéqímén'ér  ―  to fail to understand (literally, "to be unable to enter by finding the gate")
  6. modal particle indicating hypothetical condition
  7. modal particle indicating tendency or immediate action
  8. (literary) you; your

Synonyms

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See also

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  • (, “and”), used to connect two nouns

Compounds

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References

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  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 60.

Japanese

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Kanji

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(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term

Jinmeiyō
kan'on

From Middle Chinese (MC nyi).

Compounds

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Affix

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() (ji

  1. Calque of Literary Chinese (ér): and, then, thus

Derived terms

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Korean

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Hanja

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(eumhun 이을 (mal ieul i))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

(eumhun 능히 (neunghi neung))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Việt readings: nhi[1], năng[1]
: Nôm readings: nhi

  1. (Literary Chinese) and, and then

References

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