Gwobr Nobel

Pob blwyddyn, dyfarnir Gwobrau Nobel i bobl neu i gyrff rhyngwladol am ymchwil sylweddol, am ddatblygiadau technolegol newydd neu am gyfraniad arbennig i gymdeithas. Hi yw gwobr bwysicaf y byd yn y chwe maes sy'n cael eu dyfarnu. Dechreuodd y gwobrau ar ôl gorchymyn yn ewyllys Alfred Nobel, diwydiannwr o Sweden a wnaeth elw mawr drwy ddyfeisio deinameit. Yn ôl y sôn, cafodd gryn sioc ei bod hi'n bosib defnyddio deinameit i ddinistrio pethau, felly sefydlodd y gwobrau hyn ar gyfer pobl sydd wedi gwneud tro da, ar lefel byd-eang. Arwyddodd ei ewyllys ar 27 Tachwedd 1895 yn nghlwb Sweden-Norwy ym Mharis. Heddiw, dyfarnir Gwobrau Nobel yn y meysydd isod:

1. Ffiseg (penderfynir gan Academi Frenhinol Swedaidd y Gwyddorau)
2. Cemeg (penderfynir gan Academi Frenhinol Swedaidd y Gwyddorau)
3. Ffisioleg neu Feddygaeth (penderfynir gan Sefydliad Karolinska)
4. Llenyddiaeth (penderfynir gan yr Academi Swedaidd)
5. Heddwch (penderfynir gan bwyllgor a benodir gan Storting Norwy)
6. Economeg (penderfynir gan Academi Frenhinol Swedaidd y Gwyddorau)

Enillodd y ffisegydd Cymreig Brian David Josephson y Wobr Ffiseg Nobel yn 1973 a chyd-enillydd Gwobr Nobel 2007 oedd Syr John Houghton am ei waith yn erbyn newid yn yr hinsawdd.

	Ffiseg	Cemeg	Ffisioleg neu Feddygaeth	Lenyddol	Heddwch	Economeg
1901	Wilhelm Röntgen	Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff	Emil Adolf von Behring	Sully Prudhomme	Henry Dunant Frédéric Passy	—
1902	Hendrik Lorentz Pieter Zeeman	Hermann Emil Fischer	Ronald Ross	Theodor Mommsen	Élie Ducommun Charles Albert Gobat	—
1903	Henri Becquerel Pierre Curie Marie Curie	Svante Arrhenius	Niels Ryberg Finsen	Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson	Randal Cremer	—
1904	Yr Arglwydd Rayleigh	William Ramsay	Ivan Pavlov	Frédéric Mistral José Echegaray	Institut de Droit International	—
1905	Philipp Lenard	Adolf von Baeyer	Robert Koch	Henryk Sienkiewicz	Bertha von Suttner	—
1906	J. J. Thomson	Henri Moissan	Camillo Golgi Santiago Ramón y Cajal	Giosuè Carducci	Theodore Roosevelt	—
1907	Albert Abraham Michelson	Eduard Buchner	Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran	Rudyard Kipling	Ernesto Teodoro Moneta Louis Renault	—
1908	Gabriel Lippmann	Ernest Rutherford	Élie Metchnikoff Paul Ehrlich	Rudolf Christoph Eucken	Klas Pontus Arnoldson Fredrik Bajer	—
1909	Braun, Karl FerdinandKarl Ferdinand Braun Marconi, GuglielmoGuglielmo Marconi	Ostwald, WilhelmWilhelm Ostwald	Kocher, Emil TheodorEmil Theodor Kocher	Lagerlöf, SelmaSelma Lagerlöf	Beernaert, Auguste Marie FrançoisAuguste Marie François Beernaert d’Estournelles de Constant, Paul-Henri-BenjaminPaul-Henri-Benjamin d’Estournelles de Constant	—
1910	Waals, Johannes Diderik van derJohannes Diderik van der Waals	Wallach, OttoOtto Wallach	Kossel, AlbrechtAlbrecht Kossel	Heyse, PaulPaul Heyse	International Peace Bureau	—
1911	Wien, WilhelmWilhelm Wien	Curie, MarieMarie Curie	Gullstrand, AllvarAllvar Gullstrand	Maeterlinck, MauriceMaurice Maeterlinck	Asser, TobiasTobias Asser Fried, Alfred HermannAlfred Hermann Fried	—
1912	Dalén, GustafGustaf Dalén	Grignard, VictorVictor Grignard Sabatier, PaulPaul Sabatier	Carrel, AlexisAlexis Carrel	Hauptmann, GerhartGerhart Hauptmann	Root, ElihuElihu Root	—
1913	Kamerlingh Onnes, HeikeHeike Kamerlingh Onnes	Werner, AlfredAlfred Werner	Richet, CharlesCharles Richet	Tagore, RabindranathRabindranath Tagore	La Fontaine, HenriHenri La Fontaine	—
1914	von Laue, MaxMax von Laue	Richards, Theodore WilliamTheodore William Richards	Bárány, RobertRobert Bárány	Neb	Neb	—
1915	Bragg, William HenryWilliam Henry Bragg Bragg, William LawrenceWilliam Lawrence Bragg	Willstätter, RichardRichard Willstätter	Neb	Rolland, RomainRomain Rolland	Neb	—
1916	Neb	Neb	Neb	Heidenstam, Verner vonVerner von Heidenstam	Neb	—
1917	Barkla, Charles GloverCharles Glover Barkla	Neb	Neb	Gjellerup, Karl AdolphKarl Adolph Gjellerup Pontoppidan, HenrikHenrik Pontoppidan	International Committee of the Red Cross	—
1918	Planck, MaxMax Planck	Haber, FritzFritz Haber	Neb	Neb	Neb	—
1919	Stark, JohannesJohannes Stark	Neb	Bordet, JulesJules Bordet	Spitteler, CarlCarl Spitteler	Wilson, WoodrowWoodrow Wilson	—
1920	Guillaume, Charles ÉdouardCharles Édouard Guillaume	Nernst, WaltherWalther Nernst	Krogh, AugustAugust Krogh	Hamsun, KnutKnut Hamsun	Bourgeois, LéonLéon Bourgeois	—
1921	Einstein, AlbertAlbert Einstein	Soddy, FrederickFrederick Soddy	Neb	France, AnatoleAnatole France	Branting, HjalmarHjalmar Branting Lange, Christian LousChristian Lous Lange	—
1922	Bohr, NielsNiels Bohr	Aston, Francis WilliamFrancis William Aston	Hill, ArchibaldArchibald Hill Meyerhof, Otto FritzOtto Fritz Meyerhof	Benavente, JacintoJacinto Benavente	Nansen, FridtjofFridtjof Nansen	—
1923	Millikan, Robert AndrewsRobert Andrews Millikan	Pregl, FritzFritz Pregl	Banting, FrederickFrederick Banting John James Richard Macleod	Yeats, W. B.W. B. Yeats	Neb	—
1924	Siegbahn, ManneManne Siegbahn	Neb	Einthoven, WillemWillem Einthoven	Reymont, WładysławWładysław Reymont	Neb	—
1925	Franck, JamesJames Franck Hertz, Gustav LudwigGustav Ludwig Hertz	Zsigmondy, Richard AdolfRichard Adolf Zsigmondy	Neb	Shaw, George BernardGeorge Bernard Shaw	Austen Chamberlain Dawes, Charles G.Charles G. Dawes	—
1926	Perrin, Jean BaptisteJean Baptiste Perrin	Svedberg, TheodorTheodor Svedberg	Johannes Fibiger	Deledda, GraziaGrazia Deledda	Briand, AristideAristide Briand Stresemann, GustavGustav Stresemann	—
1927	Compton, ArthurArthur Compton Wilson, Charles Thomson ReesCharles Thomson Rees Wilson	Wieland, Heinrich OttoHeinrich Otto Wieland	Wagner-Jauregg, JuliusJulius Wagner-Jauregg	Bergson, HenriHenri Bergson	Buisson, FerdinandFerdinand Buisson Quidde, LudwigLudwig Quidde	—
1928	Richardson, Owen WillansOwen Willans Richardson	Windaus, Adolf Otto ReinholdAdolf Otto Reinhold Windaus	Nicolle, CharlesCharles Nicolle	Undset, SigridSigrid Undset	Neb	—
1929	Broglie, Louis deLouis de Broglie	Harden, ArthurArthur Harden von Euler-Chelpin, HansHans von Euler-Chelpin	Eijkman, ChristiaanChristiaan Eijkman Hopkins, Frederick GowlandFrederick Gowland Hopkins	Mann, ThomasThomas Mann	Kellogg, Frank B.Frank B. Kellogg	—
1930	Raman, C. V.C. V. Raman	Fischer, HansHans Fischer	Landsteiner, KarlKarl Landsteiner	Lewis, SinclairSinclair Lewis	Söderblom, NathanNathan Söderblom	—
1931	Neb	Bosch, CarlCarl Bosch Bergius, FriedrichFriedrich Bergius	Warburg, Otto HeinrichOtto Heinrich Warburg	Karlfeldt, Erik AxelErik Axel Karlfeldt	Addams, JaneJane Addams Butler, Nicholas MurrayNicholas Murray Butler	—
1932	Heisenberg, WernerWerner Heisenberg	Langmuir, IrvingIrving Langmuir	Sherrington, Charles ScottCharles Scott Sherrington Adrian, EdgarEdgar Adrian	Galsworthy, JohnJohn Galsworthy	Neb	—
1933	Schrödinger, ErwinErwin Schrödinger Dirac, PaulPaul Dirac	Neb	Morgan, Thomas HuntThomas Hunt Morgan	Bunin, IvanIvan Bunin	Angell, NormanNorman Angell	—
1934	Neb	Urey, HaroldHarold Urey	Whipple, GeorgeGeorge Whipple Minot, GeorgeGeorge Minot Murphy, William P.William P. Murphy	Pirandello, LuigiLuigi Pirandello	Henderson, ArthurArthur Henderson	—
1935	Chadwick, JamesJames Chadwick	Joliot-Curie, FrédéricFrédéric Joliot-Curie Joliot-Curie, IrèneIrène Joliot-Curie	Spemann, HansHans Spemann	Neb	von Ossietzky, CarlCarl von Ossietzky	—
1936	Hess, Victor FrancisVictor Francis Hess Anderson, Carl DavidCarl David Anderson	Debye, PeterPeter Debye	Dale, Henry HallettHenry Hallett Dale Loewi, OttoOtto Loewi	O'Neill, EugeneEugene O'Neill	Lamas, Carlos SaavedraCarlos Saavedra Lamas	—
1937	Davisson, ClintonClinton Davisson Thomson, George PagetGeorge Paget Thomson	Haworth, NormanNorman Haworth Karrer, PaulPaul Karrer	Szent-Györgyi, AlbertAlbert Szent-Györgyi	du Gard, Roger MartinRoger Martin du Gard	Cecil of Chelwood, The ViscountThe Viscount Cecil of Chelwood	—
1938	Fermi, EnricoEnrico Fermi	Kuhn, RichardRichard Kuhn	Heymans, CorneilleCorneille Heymans	Pearl S. Buck	Nansen International Office For Refugees	—
1939	Lawrence, ErnestErnest Lawrence	Adolf Butenandt Leopold Ružička	Domagk, GerhardGerhard Domagk	Sillanpää, Frans EemilFrans Eemil Sillanpää	Neb	—
1940	Neb	Neb	Neb	Neb	Neb	—
1941	Neb	Neb	Neb	Neb	Neb	—
1942	Neb	Neb	Neb	Neb	Neb	—
1943	Stern, OttoOtto Stern	Hevesy, George deGeorge de Hevesy	Dam, HenrikHenrik Dam Doisy, Edward AdelbertEdward Adelbert Doisy	Neb	Neb	—
1944	Rabi, Isidor IsaacIsidor Isaac Rabi	Hahn, OttoOtto Hahn	Erlanger, JosephJoseph Erlanger Gasser, Herbert SpencerHerbert Spencer Gasser	Jensen, Johannes VilhelmJohannes Vilhelm Jensen	International Committee of the Red Cross	—
1945	Pauli, WolfgangWolfgang Pauli	Virtanen, Artturi IlmariArtturi Ilmari Virtanen	Fleming, AlexanderAlexander Fleming Ernst Chain Florey, HowardHoward Florey	Mistral, GabrielaGabriela Mistral	Hull, CordellCordell Hull	—
1946	Bridgman, Percy WilliamsPercy Williams Bridgman	Sumner, James B.James B. Sumner Northrop, John HowardJohn Howard Northrop Stanley, Wendell MeredithWendell Meredith Stanley	Muller, Hermann JosephHermann Joseph Muller	Hesse, HermannHermann Hesse	Balch, Emily GreeneEmily Greene Balch Mott, JohnJohn Mott	—
1947	Appleton, Edward VictorEdward Victor Appleton	Robinson, RobertRobert Robinson	Cori, Carl FerdinandCarl Ferdinand Cori Cori, GertyGerty Cori Houssay, BernardoBernardo Houssay	Gide, AndréAndré Gide	Friends Service Council American Friends Service Committee	—
1948	Blackett, PatrickPatrick Blackett	Tiselius, ArneArne Tiselius	Müller, Paul HermannPaul Hermann Müller	Eliot	Neb	—
1949	Yukawa, HidekiHideki Yukawa	Giauque, WilliamWilliam Giauque	Hess, Walter RudolfWalter Rudolf Hess Moniz, António EgasAntónio Egas Moniz	Faulkner, WilliamWilliam Faulkner	Boyd Orr, JohnJohn Boyd Orr	—
1950	Powell, C. F.C. F. Powell	Diels, OttoOtto Diels Alder, KurtKurt Alder	Hench, Philip ShowalterPhilip Showalter Hench Kendall, Edward CalvinEdward Calvin Kendall Reichstein, TadeusTadeus Reichstein	Russell, BertrandBertrand Russell	Ralph Bunche	—
1951	Cockcroft, JohnJohn Cockcroft Walton, ErnestErnest Walton	McMillan, EdwinEdwin McMillan Seaborg, Glenn T.Glenn T. Seaborg	Theiler, MaxMax Theiler	Lagerkvist, PärPär Lagerkvist	Jouhaux, LéonLéon Jouhaux	—
1952	Bloch, FelixFelix Bloch Purcell, Edward MillsEdward Mills Purcell	Martin, Archer John PorterArcher John Porter Martin Synge, Richard Laurence MillingtonRichard Laurence Millington Synge	Selman Waksman	Mauriac, FrançoisFrançois Mauriac	Schweitzer, AlbertAlbert Schweitzer	—
1953	Zernike, FritsFrits Zernike	Staudinger, HermannHermann Staudinger	Krebs, Hans AdolfHans Adolf Krebs Lipmann, Fritz AlbertFritz Albert Lipmann	Winston Churchill	George Marshall	—
1954	Max Born Bothe, WaltherWalther Bothe	Linus Pauling	Enders, John FranklinJohn Franklin Enders Robbins, Frederick ChapmanFrederick Chapman Robbins Weller, Thomas HuckleThomas Huckle Weller	Ernest Hemingway	United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees	—
1955	Lamb, WillisWillis Lamb Kusch, PolykarpPolykarp Kusch	du Vigneaud, VincentVincent du Vigneaud	Theorell, HugoHugo Theorell	Laxness, HalldórHalldór Laxness	Neb	—
1956	Bardeen, JohnJohn Bardeen Brattain, Walter HouserWalter Houser Brattain Shockley, WilliamWilliam Shockley	Hinshelwood, Cyril NormanCyril Norman Hinshelwood Semyonov, NikolayNikolay Semyonov	Cournand, André FrédéricAndré Frédéric Cournand Forssmann, WernerWerner Forssmann Richards, Dickinson W.Dickinson W. Richards	Jiménez, Juan RamónJuan Ramón Jiménez	Neb	—
1957	Yang, Chen NingChen Ning Yang Lee, Tsung-DaoTsung-Dao Lee	Todd, The LordThe Lord Todd	Bovet, DanielDaniel Bovet	Camus, AlbertAlbert Camus	Pearson, Lester B.Lester B. Pearson	—
1958	Cherenkov, PavelPavel Cherenkov Frank, IlyaIlya Frank Tamm, IgorIgor Tamm	Sanger, FrederickFrederick Sanger	Beadle, George WellsGeorge Wells Beadle Tatum, Edward LawrieEdward Lawrie Tatum Lederberg, JoshuaJoshua Lederberg	Pasternak, BorisBoris Pasternak	Pire, DominiqueDominique Pire	—
1959	Segrè, Emilio G.Emilio G. Segrè Chamberlain, OwenOwen Chamberlain	Heyrovský, JaroslavJaroslav Heyrovský	Kornberg, ArthurArthur Kornberg Ochoa, SeveroSevero Ochoa	Quasimodo, SalvatoreSalvatore Quasimodo	Noel-Baker, PhilipPhilip Noel-Baker	—
1960	Glaser, Donald A.Donald A. Glaser	Libby, WillardWillard Libby	Macfarlane Burnet Peter Medawar	Perse, Saint-JohnSaint-John Perse	Lutuli, AlbertAlbert Lutuli	—
1961	Hofstadter, RobertRobert Hofstadter Mössbauer, RudolfRudolf Mössbauer	Calvin, MelvinMelvin Calvin	von Békésy, GeorgGeorg von Békésy	Andrić, IvoIvo Andrić	Hammarskjöld, DagDag Hammarskjöld	—
1962	Landau, LevLev Landau	Perutz, MaxMax Perutz Kendrew, JohnJohn Kendrew	Francis Crick James Watson Maurice Wilkins	Steinbeck, JohnJohn Steinbeck	Pauling, LinusLinus Pauling	—
1963	Wigner, EugeneEugene Wigner Goeppert-Mayer, MariaMaria Goeppert-Mayer Jensen, J. Hans D.J. Hans D. Jensen	Ziegler, KarlKarl Ziegler Natta, GiulioGiulio Natta	John Eccles Alan Lloyd Hodgkin Andrew Huxley	Seferis, GiorgosGiorgos Seferis	International Committee of the Red Cross League of Red Cross societies	—
1964	Townes, Charles HardCharles Hard Townes Basov, NikolayNikolay Basov Prokhorov, AlexanderAlexander Prokhorov	Hodgkin, DorothyDorothy Hodgkin	Bloch, Konrad EmilKonrad Emil Bloch Lynen, Feodor Felix KonradFeodor Felix Konrad Lynen	Jean-Paul Sartre	Martin Luther King	—
1965	Tomonaga, Sin-ItiroSin-Itiro Tomonaga Schwinger, JulianJulian Schwinger Feynman, RichardRichard Feynman	Woodward, Robert BurnsRobert Burns Woodward	Jacob, FrançoisFrançois Jacob Lwoff, André MichelAndré Michel Lwoff Monod, JacquesJacques Monod	Sholokhov, MikhailMikhail Sholokhov	United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF)	—
1966	Kastler, AlfredAlfred Kastler	Mulliken, Robert S.Robert S. Mulliken	Rous, Francis PeytonFrancis Peyton Rous Huggins, Charles BrentonCharles Brenton Huggins	Agnon, Shmuel YosefShmuel Yosef Agnon Nelly Sachs	Neb	—
1967	Bethe, HansHans Bethe	Eigen, ManfredManfred Eigen Norrish, Ronald George WreyfordRonald George Wreyford Norrish Porter, GeorgeGeorge Porter	Granit, RagnarRagnar Granit Hartline, Haldan KefferHaldan Keffer Hartline Wald, GeorgeGeorge Wald	Asturias, Miguel ÁngelMiguel Ángel Asturias	Neb	—
1968	Alvarez, Luis WalterLuis Walter Alvarez	Onsager, LarsLars Onsager	Holley, Robert W.Robert W. Holley Khorana, Har GobindHar Gobind Khorana Nirenberg, Marshall WarrenMarshall Warren Nirenberg	Kawabata, YasunariYasunari Kawabata	Cassin, RenéRené Cassin	—
1969	Gell-Mann, MurrayMurray Gell-Mann	Barton, DerekDerek Barton Hassel, OddOdd Hassel	Delbrück, MaxMax Delbrück Hershey, AlfredAlfred Hershey Luria, SalvadorSalvador Luria	Beckett, SamuelSamuel Beckett	International Labour Organization	Frisch, RagnarRagnar Frisch Tinbergen, JanJan Tinbergen
1970	Alfvén, HannesHannes Alfvén Néel, LouisLouis Néel	Leloir, Luis FedericoLuis Federico Leloir	Axelrod, JuliusJulius Axelrod von Euler, UlfUlf von Euler Katz, BernardBernard Katz	Solzhenitsyn, AleksandrAleksandr Solzhenitsyn	Borlaug, NormanNorman Borlaug	Samuelson, PaulPaul Samuelson
1971	Gabor, DennisDennis Gabor	Herzberg, GerhardGerhard Herzberg	Sutherland, Jr., Earl WilburEarl Wilbur Sutherland, Jr.	Neruda, PabloPablo Neruda	Brandt, WillyWilly Brandt	Kuznets, SimonSimon Kuznets
1972	Bardeen, JohnJohn Bardeen Cooper, LeonLeon Cooper Schrieffer, John RobertJohn Robert Schrieffer	Anfinsen, Christian B.Christian B. Anfinsen Moore, StanfordStanford Moore Stein, William HowardWilliam Howard Stein	Edelman, GeraldGerald Edelman Porter, Rodney RobertRodney Robert Porter	Böll, HeinrichHeinrich Böll	Neb	Hicks, JohnJohn Hicks Arrow, KennethKenneth Arrow
1973	Esaki, LeoLeo Esaki Giaever, IvarIvar Giaever Josephson, Brian DavidBrian David Josephson	Fischer, Ernst OttoErnst Otto Fischer Wilkinson, GeoffreyGeoffrey Wilkinson	von Frisch, KarlKarl von Frisch Lorenz, KonradKonrad Lorenz Tinbergen, NikolaasNikolaas Tinbergen	White, PatrickPatrick White	Henry Kissinger Lê Đức Thọ	Leontief, WassilyWassily Leontief
1974	Ryle, MartinMartin Ryle Hewish, AntonyAntony Hewish	Flory, PaulPaul Flory	Claude, AlbertAlbert Claude de Duve, ChristianChristian de Duve Palade, George EmilGeorge Emil Palade	Johnson, EyvindEyvind Johnson Martinson, HarryHarry Martinson	MacBride, SeánSeán MacBride Satō, EisakuEisaku Satō	Myrdal, GunnarGunnar Myrdal Hayek, FriedrichFriedrich Hayek
1975	Bohr, AageAage Bohr Mottelson, Ben RoyBen Roy Mottelson Rainwater, JamesJames Rainwater	Cornforth, JohnJohn Cornforth Prelog, VladimirVladimir Prelog	Baltimore, DavidDavid Baltimore Dulbecco, RenatoRenato Dulbecco Temin, Howard MartinHoward Martin Temin	Montale, EugenioEugenio Montale	Sakharov, AndreiAndrei Sakharov	Kantorovich, LeonidLeonid Kantorovich Koopmans, TjallingTjalling Koopmans
1976	Richter, BurtonBurton Richter Ting, Samuel C. C.Samuel C. C. Ting	Lipscomb, WilliamWilliam Lipscomb	Blumberg, Baruch SamuelBaruch Samuel Blumberg Gajdusek, Daniel CarletonDaniel Carleton Gajdusek	Bellow, SaulSaul Bellow	Betty Williams (heddychwr) Mairead Corrigan	Milton Friedman
1977	Anderson, Philip WarrenPhilip Warren Anderson Mott, Nevill FrancisNevill Francis Mott Van Vleck, John HasbrouckJohn Hasbrouck Van Vleck	Prigogine, IlyaIlya Prigogine	Guillemin, RogerRoger Guillemin Schally, AndrewAndrew Schally Yalow, Rosalyn SussmanRosalyn Sussman Yalow	Aleixandre, VicenteVicente Aleixandre	Amnest Rhyngwladol	Ohlin, BertilBertil Ohlin Meade, JamesJames Meade
1978	Kapitsa, PyotrPyotr Kapitsa Penzias, Arno AllanArno Allan Penzias Wilson, Robert WoodrowRobert Woodrow Wilson	Mitchell, Peter D.Peter D. Mitchell	Arber, WernerWerner Arber Nathans, DanielDaniel Nathans Smith, Hamilton O.Hamilton O. Smith	Singer, Isaac BashevisIsaac Bashevis Singer	Sadat, AnwarAnwar Sadat Begin, MenachemMenachem Begin	Herbert A. Simon
1979	Glashow, Sheldon LeeSheldon Lee Glashow Salam, AbdusAbdus Salam Weinberg, StevenSteven Weinberg	Brown, Herbert C.Herbert C. Brown Wittig, GeorgGeorg Wittig	Cormack, Allan McLeodAllan McLeod Cormack Hounsfield, GodfreyGodfrey Hounsfield	Elytis, OdysseasOdysseas Elytis	Y Fam Teresa	Theodore Schultz Lewis, ArthurArthur Lewis
1980	Cronin, JamesJames Cronin Fitch, Val LogsdonVal Logsdon Fitch	Berg, PaulPaul Berg Gilbert, WalterWalter Gilbert Sanger, FrederickFrederick Sanger	Benacerraf, BarujBaruj Benacerraf Dausset, JeanJean Dausset Snell, George DavisGeorge Davis Snell	Miłosz, CzesławCzesław Miłosz	Esquivel, Adolfo PérezAdolfo Pérez Esquivel	Klein, LawrenceLawrence Klein
1981	Bloembergen, NicolaasNicolaas Bloembergen Schawlow, Arthur LeonardArthur Leonard Schawlow Siegbahn, KaiKai Siegbahn	Fukui, KenichiKenichi Fukui Hoffmann, RoaldRoald Hoffmann	Sperry, Roger WolcottRoger Wolcott Sperry Hubel, David H.David H. Hubel Wiesel, TorstenTorsten Wiesel	Elias Canetti	United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees	James Tobin
1982	Wilson, Kenneth G.Kenneth G. Wilson	Klug, AaronAaron Klug	Bergström, SuneSune Bergström Samuelsson, Bengt I.Bengt I. Samuelsson Vane, JohnJohn Vane	Márquez, Gabriel GarcíaGabriel García Márquez	Myrdal, AlvaAlva Myrdal Robles, Alfonso GarcíaAlfonso García Robles	Stigler, GeorgeGeorge Stigler
1983	Chandrasekhar, SubrahmanyanSubrahmanyan Chandrasekhar Fowler, William AlfredWilliam Alfred Fowler	Taube, HenryHenry Taube	McClintock, BarbaraBarbara McClintock	Golding, WilliamWilliam Golding	Wałęsa, LechLech Wałęsa	Debreu, GérardGérard Debreu
1984	Rubbia, CarloCarlo Rubbia van der Meer, SimonSimon van der Meer	Merrifield, Robert BruceRobert Bruce Merrifield	Jerne, Niels KajNiels Kaj Jerne Köhler, Georges J. F.Georges J. F. Köhler Milstein, CésarCésar Milstein	Seifert, JaroslavJaroslav Seifert	Tutu, DesmondDesmond Tutu	Stone, RichardRichard Stone
1985	von Klitzing, KlausKlaus von Klitzing	Herbert A. Hauptman Jerome Karle	Brown, Michael StuartMichael Stuart Brown Goldstein, Joseph L.Joseph L. Goldstein	Claude Simon	International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War	Franco Modigliani
1986	Ruska, ErnstErnst Ruska Binnig, GerdGerd Binnig Rohrer, HeinrichHeinrich Rohrer	Herschbach, Dudley R.Dudley R. Herschbach Lee, Yuan T.Yuan T. Lee Polanyi, JohnJohn Polanyi	Cohen, StanleyStanley Cohen Levi-Montalcini, RitaRita Levi-Montalcini	Wole Soyinka	Wiesel, ElieElie Wiesel	Buchanan, James M.James M. Buchanan
1987	Bednorz, Johannes GeorgJohannes Georg Bednorz Müller, Karl AlexanderKarl Alexander Müller	Cram, Donald J.Donald J. Cram Lehn, Jean-MarieJean-Marie Lehn Pedersen, Charles J.Charles J. Pedersen	Tonegawa, SusumuSusumu Tonegawa	Brodsky, JosephJoseph Brodsky	Arias, ÓscarÓscar Arias	Robert Solow
1988	Lederman, Leon M.Leon M. Lederman Schwartz, MelvinMelvin Schwartz Steinberger, JackJack Steinberger	Deisenhofer, JohannJohann Deisenhofer Huber, RobertRobert Huber Michel, HartmutHartmut Michel	Black, James W.James W. Black Elion, Gertrude B.Gertrude B. Elion Hitchings, George H.George H. Hitchings	Mahfouz, NaguibNaguib Mahfouz	United Nations Peace-Keeping Forces	Allais, MauriceMaurice Allais
1989	Ramsey, Jr., Norman FosterNorman Foster Ramsey, Jr. Dehmelt, Hans GeorgHans Georg Dehmelt Paul, WolfgangWolfgang Paul	Altman, SidneySidney Altman Cech, ThomasThomas Cech	Bishop, J. MichaelJ. Michael Bishop Varmus, Harold E.Harold E. Varmus	Camilo José Cela	Tenzin Gyatso	Trygve Haavelmo
1990	Friedman, Jerome IsaacJerome Isaac Friedman Kendall, Henry WayHenry Way Kendall Taylor, Richard E.Richard E. Taylor	Corey, Elias JamesElias James Corey	Murray, JosephJoseph Murray Thomas, E. DonnallE. Donnall Thomas	Paz, OctavioOctavio Paz	Gorbachev, MikhailMikhail Gorbachev	Markowitz, HarryHarry Markowitz Miller, MertonMerton Miller Sharpe, William F.William F. Sharpe
1991	Gennes, Pierre-Gilles dePierre-Gilles de Gennes	Ernst, Richard R.Richard R. Ernst	Neher, ErwinErwin Neher Sakmann, BertBert Sakmann	Gordimer, NadineNadine Gordimer	Suu Kyi, Aung SanAung San Suu Kyi	Coase, RonaldRonald Coase
1992	Charpak, GeorgesGeorges Charpak	Marcus, Rudolph A.Rudolph A. Marcus	Fischer, Edmond H.Edmond H. Fischer Krebs, Edwin G.Edwin G. Krebs	Walcott, DerekDerek Walcott	Menchú, RigobertaRigoberta Menchú	Becker, GaryGary Becker
1993	Hulse, Russell AlanRussell Alan Hulse Taylor, Jr., Joseph HootonJoseph Hooton Taylor, Jr.	Mullis, KaryKary Mullis Smith, MichaelMichael Smith	Roberts, Richard J.Richard J. Roberts Sharp, Phillip AllenPhillip Allen Sharp	Morrison, ToniToni Morrison	Mandela, NelsonNelson Mandela de Klerk, F. W.F. W. de Klerk	Fogel, RobertRobert Fogel North, DouglassDouglass North
1994	Brockhouse, BertramBertram Brockhouse Shull, CliffordClifford Shull	Olah, George AndrewGeorge Andrew Olah	Gilman, Alfred G.Alfred G. Gilman Rodbell, MartinMartin Rodbell	Kenzaburō Ōe	Yasser Arafat Shimon Peres Yitzhak Rabin	John Harsanyi John Forbes Nash, Jr. Reinhard Selten
1995	Perl, Martin LewisMartin Lewis Perl Reines, FrederickFrederick Reines	Crutzen, Paul J.Paul J. Crutzen Molina, Mario J.Mario J. Molina Rowland, Frank SherwoodFrank Sherwood Rowland	Lewis, Edward B.Edward B. Lewis Nüsslein-Volhard, ChristianeChristiane Nüsslein-Volhard Wieschaus, Eric F.Eric F. Wieschaus	Heaney, SeamusSeamus Heaney	Rotblat, JosephJoseph Rotblat Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs	Lucas, Jr., RobertRobert Lucas, Jr.
1996	Lee, DavidDavid Lee Osheroff, DouglasDouglas Osheroff Richardson, Robert ColemanRobert Coleman Richardson	Curl Jr., Robert F.Robert F. Curl Jr. Kroto, HarryHarry Kroto Smalley, RichardRichard Smalley	Doherty, Peter C.Peter C. Doherty Zinkernagel, Rolf M.Rolf M. Zinkernagel	Szymborska, WisławaWisława Szymborska	Belo, Carlos Filipe XimenesCarlos Filipe Ximenes Belo Ramos-Horta, JoséJosé Ramos-Horta	Mirrlees, JamesJames Mirrlees Vickrey, WilliamWilliam Vickrey
1997	Chu, StevenSteven Chu Cohen-Tannoudji, ClaudeClaude Cohen-Tannoudji Phillips, William DanielWilliam Daniel Phillips	Boyer, Paul D.Paul D. Boyer Walker, John E.John E. Walker Skou, Jens ChristianJens Christian Skou	Prusiner, Stanley B.Stanley B. Prusiner	Fo, DarioDario Fo	International Campaign to Ban Landmines Williams, JodyJody Williams	Merton, Robert C.Robert C. Merton Scholes, MyronMyron Scholes
1998	Laughlin, Robert B.Robert B. Laughlin Störmer, Horst LudwigHorst Ludwig Störmer Tsui, Daniel C.Daniel C. Tsui	Kohn, WalterWalter Kohn Pople, JohnJohn Pople	Furchgott, Robert F.Robert F. Furchgott Ignarro, LouisLouis Ignarro Murad, FeridFerid Murad	Saramago, JoséJosé Saramago	Hume, JohnJohn Hume Trimble, DavidDavid Trimble	Sen, AmartyaAmartya Sen
1999	Hooft, Gerard 'tGerard 't Hooft Veltman, Martinus J. G.Martinus J. G. Veltman	Zewail, AhmedAhmed Zewail	Blobel, GünterGünter Blobel	Grass, GünterGünter Grass	Médecins Sans Frontières	Mundell, RobertRobert Mundell
2000	Alferov, ZhoresZhores Alferov Kroemer, HerbertHerbert Kroemer Kilby, JackJack Kilby	Heeger, Alan J.Alan J. Heeger MacDiarmid, AlanAlan MacDiarmid Shirakawa, HidekiHideki Shirakawa	Carlsson, ArvidArvid Carlsson Greengard, PaulPaul Greengard Kandel, EricEric Kandel	Xingjian, GaoGao Xingjian	Dae-jung, KimKim Dae-jung	Heckman, JamesJames Heckman McFadden, DanielDaniel McFadden
2001	Cornell, Eric AllinEric Allin Cornell Ketterle, WolfgangWolfgang Ketterle Wieman, CarlCarl Wieman	Knowles, William StandishWilliam Standish Knowles Noyori, RyōjiRyōji Noyori Sharpless, Karl BarryKarl Barry Sharpless	Hartwell, Leland H.Leland H. Hartwell Hunt, TimTim Hunt Nurse, PaulPaul Nurse	Naipaul, V. S.V. S. Naipaul	Y Cenhedloedd Unedig Kofi Annan	Akerlof, GeorgeGeorge Akerlof Spence, MichaelMichael Spence Joseph Stiglitz
2002	Davis, Jr., RaymondRaymond Davis, Jr. Koshiba, MasatoshiMasatoshi Koshiba Giacconi, RiccardoRiccardo Giacconi	Fenn, JohnJohn Fenn Tanaka, KoichiKoichi Tanaka Wüthrich, KurtKurt Wüthrich	Brenner, SydneySydney Brenner Horvitz, H. RobertH. Robert Horvitz Sulston, JohnJohn Sulston	Kertész, ImreImre Kertész	Jimmy Carter	Kahneman, DanielDaniel Kahneman Smith, Vernon L.Vernon L. Smith
2003	Abrikosov, Alexei AlexeyevichAlexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov Ginzburg, VitalyVitaly Ginzburg Leggett, Anthony JamesAnthony James Leggett	Agre, PeterPeter Agre MacKinnon, RoderickRoderick MacKinnon	Lauterbur, PaulPaul Lauterbur Mansfield, PeterPeter Mansfield	Coetzee, J. M.J. M. Coetzee	Ebadi, ShirinShirin Ebadi	Engle, Robert F.Robert F. Engle Granger, CliveClive Granger
2004	Gross, DavidDavid Gross Politzer, Hugh DavidHugh David Politzer Wilczek, FrankFrank Wilczek	Ciechanover, AaronAaron Ciechanover Hershko, AvramAvram Hershko Rose, IrwinIrwin Rose	Axel, RichardRichard Axel Buck, Linda B.Linda B. Buck	Jelinek, ElfriedeElfriede Jelinek	Maathai, WangariWangari Maathai	Kydland, Finn E.Finn E. Kydland Prescott, Edward C.Edward C. Prescott
2005	Glauber, Roy J.Roy J. Glauber Hall, John L.John L. Hall Hänsch, Theodor W.Theodor W. Hänsch	Chauvin, YvesYves Chauvin Grubbs, Robert H.Robert H. Grubbs Schrock, Richard R.Richard R. Schrock	Marshall, BarryBarry Marshall Warren, RobinRobin Warren	Pinter, HaroldHarold Pinter	Yr Asiantaeth Ynni Atomig Ryngwladol Mohamed ElBaradei	Aumann, RobertRobert Aumann Schelling, ThomasThomas Schelling
2006	Mather, John C.John C. Mather Smoot, GeorgeGeorge Smoot	Kornberg, Roger D.Roger D. Kornberg	Fire, AndrewAndrew Fire Mello, CraigCraig Mello	Pamuk, OrhanOrhan Pamuk	Yunus, MuhammadMuhammad Yunus Grameen Bank	Phelps, EdmundEdmund Phelps
2007	Fert, AlbertAlbert Fert Grünberg, PeterPeter Grünberg	Ertl, GerhardGerhard Ertl	Capecchi, MarioMario Capecchi Evans, MartinMartin Evans Smithies, OliverOliver Smithies	Doris Lessing	Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Al Gore	Leonid Hurwicz Eric Maskin Roger Myerson
2008	Nambu, YoichiroYoichiro Nambu Kobayashi, MakotoMakoto Kobayashi Maskawa, ToshihideToshihide Maskawa	Shimomura, OsamuOsamu Shimomura Chalfie, MartinMartin Chalfie Tsien, Roger Y.Roger Y. Tsien	zur Hausen, HaraldHarald zur Hausen Barré-Sinoussi, FrançoiseFrançoise Barré-Sinoussi Montagnier, LucLuc Montagnier	Le Clézio, J. M. G.J. M. G. Le Clézio	Ahtisaari, MarttiMartti Ahtisaari	Krugman, PaulPaul Krugman
2009	Kao, Charles K.Charles K. Kao Boyle, Willard S.Willard S. Boyle Smith, George E.George E. Smith	Ramakrishnan, VenkatramanVenkatraman Ramakrishnan Steitz, Thomas A.Thomas A. Steitz Yonath, AdaAda Yonath	Blackburn, ElizabethElizabeth Blackburn Greider, Carol W.Carol W. Greider Szostak, Jack W.Jack W. Szostak	Müller, HertaHerta Müller	Barack Obama	Ostrom, ElinorElinor Ostrom Williamson, Oliver E.Oliver E. Williamson
2010	Andre Geim Novoselov, KonstantinKonstantin Novoselov	Richard F. Heck Negishi, Ei-ichiEi-ichi Negishi Suzuki, AkiraAkira Suzuki	Robert G. Edwards	Mario Vargas Llosa	Liu Xiaobo	Diamond, Peter A.Peter A. Diamond Mortensen, Dale T.Dale T. Mortensen Pissarides, Christopher A.Christopher A. Pissarides
2011	Perlmutter, SaulSaul Perlmutter Riess, Adam G.Adam G. Riess Schmidt, BrianBrian Schmidt	Shechtman, DanDan Shechtman	Beutler, BruceBruce Beutler Hoffmann, Jules A.Jules A. Hoffmann Steinman, Ralph M.Ralph M. Steinman	Tranströmer, TomasTomas Tranströmer	Sirleaf, Ellen JohnsonEllen Johnson Sirleaf Gbowee, LeymahLeymah Gbowee Tawakkol Karman	Sargent, Thomas J.Thomas J. Sargent Sims, Christopher A.Christopher A. Sims
2012	Haroche, SergeSerge Haroche J. Wineland, DavidDavid J. Wineland	Kobilka, Brian K.Brian K. Kobilka Lefkowitz, Robert J.Robert J. Lefkowitz	Gurdon, John B.John B. Gurdon Yamanaka, Shinya Shinya Yamanaka	Yan, MoMo Yan	Yr Undeb Ewropeaidd	Roth, Alvin E.Alvin E. Roth Shapley, Lloyd S.Lloyd S. Shapley
2013	François Englert Higgs, Peter W.Peter W. Higgs	Karplus, MartinMartin Karplus Levitt, MichaelMichael Levitt Warshel, AriehArieh Warshel	Rothman, James E.James E. Rothman Schekman, Randy W.Randy W. Schekman Südhof, Thomas C.Thomas C. Südhof	Alice Munro	for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, OrganisationOrganisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons	Fama, Eugene F.Eugene F. Fama Hansen, Lars PeterLars Peter Hansen Shiller, Robert J.Robert J. Shiller
2014	Akasaki, IsamuIsamu Akasaki Amano, HiroshiHiroshi Amano Nakamura, ShujiShuji Nakamura	Betzig, EricEric Betzig Hell, StefanStefan Hell William Moerner	John O'Keefe May-Britt Moser Edvard Moser	Modiano, PatrickPatrick Modiano	Satyarthi, KailashKailash Satyarthi Yousafzai, MalalaMalala Yousafzai	Jean Tirole
2015	Kajita, TakaakiTakaaki Kajita McDonald, Arthur B.Arthur B. McDonald	Lindahl, TomasTomas Lindahl Modrich, Paul L.Paul L. Modrich Sancar, AzizAziz Sancar	Campbell, William C.William C. Campbell Ōmura, SatoshiSatoshi Ōmura Youyou, TuTu Youyou	Alexievich, SvetlanaSvetlana Alexievich	National Dialogue Quartet, TunisianTunisian National Dialogue Quartet	Deaton, AngusAngus Deaton
2016	J. Thouless, DavidDavid J. Thouless Haldane, DuncanDuncan Haldane Kosterlitz, John M.John M. Kosterlitz	Sauvage, Jean-PierreJean-Pierre Sauvage Stoddart, FraserFraser Stoddart Feringa, BenBen Feringa	Ohsumi, YoshinoriYoshinori Ohsumi	Bob Dylan	Juan Manuel Santos	Oliver Hart Bengt R. Holmström
2017	Weiss, RainerRainer Weiss Barish, BarryBarry Barish Thorne, KipKip Thorne	Dubochet, JacquesJacques Dubochet Frank, JoachimJoachim Frank Henderson, RichardRichard Henderson	Hall, Jeffrey C.Jeffrey C. Hall Rosbash, MichaelMichael Rosbash Young, Michael W.Michael W. Young	Ishiguro, KazuoKazuo Ishiguro	Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons, InternationalInternational Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons	Richard Thaler
2018	Arthur Ashkin Gérard Mourou Donna Strickland	Arnold, Frances H.Frances H. Arnold Smith, George P.George P. Smith Winter, GregGreg Winter	James P.Allison Tasuku Honjo	Olga Tokarczuk	Mukwege, DenisDenis Mukwege Murad, NadiaNadia Murad	William Nordhaus Paul Romer
2019	James Peebles Michel Mayor Didier Queloz	John B. Goodenough M. Stanley Whittingham Akira Yoshino	William Kaelin Jr. Peter J. Ratcliffe Gregg L. Semenza	Peter Handke	Abiy Ahmed	Abhijit Banerjee Esther Duflo Michael Kremer
2020	Roger Penrose Reinhard Genzel Andrea M. Ghez	Emmanuelle Charpentier Jennifer Doudna	Harvey J. Alter Michael Houghton Charles M. Rice	Louise Glück	World Food Programme	Paul Milgrom Robert B. Wilson
2021	Syukuro Manabe Klaus Hasselmann Giorgio Parisi	Benjamin List David MacMillan	David Julius Ardem Patapoutian	Abdulrazak Gurnah	Maria Ressa Dmitry Muratov	David Card Joshua Angrist Guido Imbens
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