Tawakkol Karman

Tawakkol Karman
Tawakkol Karman
	Tawakkol Karman yn 2011.
Ganwyd	7 Chwefror 1979 ; Ta'izz
Dinasyddiaeth	Iemen
Alma mater	Prifysgol Sana'a; Prifysgol Alberta; Prifysgol Massachusetts Lowell ;
Galwedigaeth	ymgyrchydd heddwch, newyddiadurwr, gwleidydd, amddiffynnwr hawliau dynol
Gwobr/au	Gwobr Heddwch Nobel
Gwefan	http://www.tawakkolkarman.net, https://tkif.org/en/

Newyddiadurwraig a gwleidydd o Iemen ac ymgyrchydd dros hawliau dynol yw Tawakkol Abdel-Salam Karman (Arabeg: توكل عبد السلام خالد كرمان‎ Tawakkul ‘Abd us-Salām Karmān; hefyd Tawakul,^[1] Tawakel;^[2]^[3]^[4] ganwyd 7 Chwefror 1979).^[4] Hi oedd wyneb gyhoeddus Chwyldro Iemen (2011–12), ac fe'i elwir yn "y Ferch Haearn" a "Mam y Chwyldro" gan ei chydwladwyr.^[5]^[6] Derbyniodd Karman Wobr Heddwch Nobel yn 2011, ynghyd ag Ellen Johnson Sirleaf a Leymah Gbowee.^[7] Hi yw'r Iemeniad cyntaf, y fenyw Arabaidd cyntaf,^[8]^[9] a'r ail fenyw Fwslimaidd i ennill Gwobr Nobel, a'r unigolyn ieuangaf i ennill y Wobr Heddwch ac eithriad Malala Yousafzai.

Cyd-sefydlodd y garfan "Newyddiadurwragedd Heb Gadwyni" yn 2005.^[1] Daeth Karman i sylw'r cyhoedd yn Iemen trwy ei newyddiaduraeth a'i hymgyrch dros wasanaeth newyddion ffôn symudol a gafodd ei wrthod trwydded yn 2007. Y flwyddyn honno, dechreuodd trefnu ac arwain protestiadau wythnosol o blaid ryddid y wasg.^[1]^[10] Dan ei harweiniad, rhoddwyd cefnogaeth i'r "Chwyldro Jasmin" yn Nhiwnisia (Rhagfyr 2010–Ionawr 2011) a'r Gwanwyn Arabaidd. Gwrthwynebodd Ali Abdullah Saleh, Arlywydd Iemen, yn gyhoeddus.^[11]

Yn ôl cebl diplomyddol a ddatgelwyd gan WikiLeaks, er i Karman lladd ar Sawdi Arabia yn gyhoeddus roedd hi hefyd yn trefnu cyfarfodydd dirgel â'r Sawdïaid i ymofyn am eu cefnogaeth. Hi wnaeth canmol Sawdi Arabia am gytundeb trawsnewid llywodraeth a chafodd ei ystyried gan nifer o ddiwygwyr fel brad yn erbyn y chwyldro. Yn ogystal, cyhuddodd Karman yr Arlywydd Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi o gefnogi'r Houthi ac Al Qaeda.^[12]

Cyfeiriadau

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Al-Sakkaf, Nadia (17 June 2010). "Renowned activist and press freedom advocate Tawakul Karman to the Yemen Times: "A day will come when all human rights violators pay for what they did to Yemen"". Women Journalists Without Chains. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar 2011-01-30. Cyrchwyd 30 January 2011. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
↑ Evening Times (Glasgow). Arrest Sparks Protest. 24 January 2011. Retrieved 8 October 2011 from the Lexis-Nexis Database.
↑ Emad Mekay. Arab Women Lead the Charge. Inter Press Service (Johannesburg), 11 February 2011. Retrieved 8 October 2011 from the Lexis-Nexis Database.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 "Yemen laureate figure of hope and controversy". Oman Observer. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar 2013-01-12. Cyrchwyd 15 November 2011.
↑ Macdonald, Alastair (7 October 2011). "Nobel honours African, Arab women for peace". Reuters. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar 2015-11-09. Cyrchwyd 16 November 2011.
↑ Al-Haj, Ahmed; Sarah El-Deeb (7 October 2011). "Nobel peace winner Tawakkul Karman dubbed 'the mother of Yemen's revolution'". Sun Sentinel. Associated Press. Cyrchwyd 8 October 2011.
↑ "Nobel Peace Prize awarded jointly to three women". BBC Online. 7 October 2011. Cyrchwyd 16 November 2011.
↑ "Profile: Nobel peace laureate Tawakul Karman". BBC Online. 7 October 2011. Cyrchwyd 16 November 2011.
↑ "Yemeni Activist Tawakkul Karman, First Female Arab Nobel Peace Laureate: A Nod for Arab Spring". Democracynow.org. Cyrchwyd 10 December 2011.
↑ "Renowned activist and press freedom advocate Tawakul Karman to the Yemen Times:"A day will come when all human rights violators pay for what they did to Yemen."". Yemen Times. 3 November 2011. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar 2011-04-05. Cyrchwyd 15 November 2011.
↑ "New protests erupt in Yemen". Al Jazeera. 29 January 2011. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar 29 January 2011. Cyrchwyd 30 January 2011.
↑ yemenanon (27 June 2015). "Tawakul Karman turns to Saudi in 2011". Cyrchwyd 13 December 2016.

[Sakkaf-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Al-Sakkaf, Nadia (17 June 2010). "Renowned activist and press freedom advocate Tawakul Karman to the Yemen Times: "A day will come when all human rights violators pay for what they did to Yemen"". Women Journalists Without Chains. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar 2011-01-30. Cyrchwyd 30 January 2011. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)

[2] Evening Times (Glasgow). Arrest Sparks Protest. 24 January 2011. Retrieved 8 October 2011 from the Lexis-Nexis Database.

[3] Emad Mekay. Arab Women Lead the Charge. Inter Press Service (Johannesburg), 11 February 2011. Retrieved 8 October 2011 from the Lexis-Nexis Database.

[Yemen-4] 4.0 ^4.1 "Yemen laureate figure of hope and controversy". Oman Observer. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar 2013-01-12. Cyrchwyd 15 November 2011.

[5] Macdonald, Alastair (7 October 2011). "Nobel honours African, Arab women for peace". Reuters. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar 2015-11-09. Cyrchwyd 16 November 2011.

[mother-6] Al-Haj, Ahmed; Sarah El-Deeb (7 October 2011). "Nobel peace winner Tawakkul Karman dubbed 'the mother of Yemen's revolution'". Sun Sentinel. Associated Press. Cyrchwyd 8 October 2011.

[7] "Nobel Peace Prize awarded jointly to three women". BBC Online. 7 October 2011. Cyrchwyd 16 November 2011.

[8] "Profile: Nobel peace laureate Tawakul Karman". BBC Online. 7 October 2011. Cyrchwyd 16 November 2011.

[9] "Yemeni Activist Tawakkul Karman, First Female Arab Nobel Peace Laureate: A Nod for Arab Spring". Democracynow.org. Cyrchwyd 10 December 2011.

[interview2-10] "Renowned activist and press freedom advocate Tawakul Karman to the Yemen Times:"A day will come when all human rights violators pay for what they did to Yemen."". Yemen Times. 3 November 2011. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar 2011-04-05. Cyrchwyd 15 November 2011.

[Feb3_DayRage_aljaz-11] "New protests erupt in Yemen". Al Jazeera. 29 January 2011. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar 29 January 2011. Cyrchwyd 30 January 2011.

[12] yemenanon (27 June 2015). "Tawakul Karman turns to Saudi in 2011". Cyrchwyd 13 December 2016.

[1]