亦

See also: 𰁜 and 赤

亦	U+4EA6, 亦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EA6

← 亥
[U+4EA5]

CJK Unified Ideographs

产 →
[U+4EA7]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

亦 (Kangxi radical 8, 亠+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 卜中弓金 (YLNC), four-corner 0033₀, composition ⿱亠⿻小丿(GTJK) or ⿵六⿰丿亅(GTJK) or ⿱亠⿻小丨(H) or ⿵六刂(H))

Derived characters

奕帟弈跡迹㑊洂𠲔𢙕𤥂硛𩷉𪁂𠸠𣖞
変弯恋栾蛮 (all as Japanese simplification of 䜌 to 亦)
See 𰁜 for Chinese simplification of 䜌 (luán) to 𰁜.
- Note that it does not appear that 奕 is a simplification of 奱, nor 帟 a simplification of 㡩.

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 88, character 9
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 293
Dae Jaweon: page 187, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 281, character 3
Unihan data for U+4EA6

Chinese

simp. and trad.		亦
alternative forms		𠅃𡗕

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 亦
Shang		Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Oracle bone script j23573 j23574 j23575 j23576 j23577 j23578 j23579 j23580 j23581 j23582 j23583 j23584 j23585 j23586 j23587 j23588 j23589 j23590 j23591 j23592 j23593 j23594 j23595 j23596 j23597 j23598 j23599 j23600 j23601 j23602 j23603 j23604 j23605 j23606 j23607 j23608 j23609 j23610 j23611 j23612 j23613 j23614 j23615 j23616 j23617 j23618 j23619 j23620 j23621 j23622 j23623 j23624 j23625 j23626 j23627 j23628 j23629 j23630 j23631 j23632 j23633 j23634 j23635 j23636 j23637 j23638 j23639 j23640 j23641 Bronze inscriptions b15007 b15008 b15009 b15010 b15011 b15012 b15013 b15014 b15015 b15016 b15017 b15018 b15019 b15020 b15021 b15022 b15023 Small seal script s07485 Transcribed ancient scripts L38355
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (亦) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
夜	*laːɡs
鵺	*laːɡs
迹	*ʔsleːɡ
跡	*ʔsleːɡ
亦	*laːɡ
弈	*laːɡ
奕	*laːɡ
帟	*laːɡ
腋	*laːɡ
掖	*laːɡ
焲	*laːɡ
液	*laːɡ

Ideogram (指事) – a human figure (compare 大) with water falling from them (roughly from arm pits). Original form of 腋 (OC *laːɡ, “armpit”) or 液 (OC *laːɡ, “liquid”).

Etymology

Cognate with Mizo ve (“also; too”), Mizo vêk (“again; over again”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yì (yi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jik⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yi̍t
Northern Min (KCR): iǎ / ĭ
Eastern Min (BUC): iâ / ĭk
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ia̍h / ia̍k / e̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): êg⁸ / ia⁷
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁸yiq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yì
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yì
  - Wade–Giles: i⁴
  - Yale: yì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
  - Palladius: и (i)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jik⁶
  - Yale: yihk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jik⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yig⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪk̚²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: id
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yid⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /it̚⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)id
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yid⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)it̚⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: iǎ / ĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ia²¹/, /i²⁴/

Note:

iǎ - vernacular;
ĭ - literary.

Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: iâ / ĭk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɑ²⁴²/, /iʔ⁵/

Note:

iâ - vernacular;
ĭk - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ia̍h
  - Tâi-lô: ia̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iah
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iaʔ¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /iaʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: ia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iak
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: e̍k
  - Tâi-lô: i̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ek
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /iɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪk̚¹²¹/

Note:

ia̍h - vernacular;
ia̍k/e̍k - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: êg⁸ / ia⁷
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: e̍k / iā
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ek̚⁴/, /ia¹¹/

Note:

êg8 - literary;
ia7 - vernacular (訓讀) (original character is 也).

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁸yiq
  - MiniDict: yih^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵hhiq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦiɪʔ¹²/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɦiɪʔ²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /ɦiəʔ²³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 亦
Mandarin	Beijing	/i⁵¹/
	Harbin	/i⁵³/
	Tianjin	/i⁵³/
	Jinan	/i⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/i⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/i⁴²/
	Xi'an	/i⁵³/
	Xining	/ji⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/i¹³/
	Lanzhou	/i¹³/
	Ürümqi	/i²¹³/
	Wuhan	/i²¹³/
	Chengdu	/i³¹/
	Guiyang	/i²¹/
	Kunming	/i³¹/
	Nanjing	/iʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/iəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/iəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/iʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/iəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦiɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ɦiəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦiəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/jai²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/i²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/i⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/i²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/i²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/it̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ʒït̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jek̚²/
	Nanning	/jek̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/jek̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/ik̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/iʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/i²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/ia³¹/ 訓讀
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/zek̚⁵/ /ziak̚³/ /zia³³/

Middle Chinese: yek

Rime
Character	亦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	昔 (123)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	羊益切
Baxter	yek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/iæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiajk̚/
Li Rong	/iɛk̚/
Wang Li	/jĭɛk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯ɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jik⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ](r)Ak/, /*ɢ(r)Ak/

(Zhengzhang): /*laːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	亦	亦
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yì	yì
Middle Chinese	‹ yek ›	‹ yek ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ](r)Ak/	/*ɢ(r)Ak/
English	armpit	also
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	亦
Reading #	1/1
No.	14996
Phonetic component	亦
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	繹
Old Chinese	/*laːɡ/

Definitions

亦

(formal) also; too; likewise; still
- 其竹節度三尺，柔細可為索，亦以皮為麻。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  其竹节度三尺，柔细可为索，亦以皮为麻。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Tang Dynasty, Fan Chuo, Manshu, chapter 7, part 7
  Qí zhújié duó sān chǐ, róuxì kě wéi suǒ, yì yǐ pí wéi má. [Pinyin]
  Each joint measures three chi; thin and supple, it may be used as a rope, and its skin may also be used as linen.
(formal) only; just
(formal) already
(formal) although
(Suzhounese) again
讀仔一遍亦讀一遍。 [Suzhounese, trad.]
读仔一遍亦读一遍。 [Suzhounese, simp.]
From: 1993, 蘇州方言詞典, page 19
To read something again after having read it
a surname: Yi
meaningless particle

Synonyms

(also):

Dialectal synonyms of 也 (“also, too”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		亦
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		也
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	也
	Taiwan	也
	Malaysia	也
	Singapore	也
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	也
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	也
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	也
	Wuhan	也
	Guilin	也
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	也
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	也
Cantonese	Guangzhou	都, 亦
	Hong Kong	都, 亦, 亦都
	Macau	都, 亦 formal
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	都, 也
	Taishan	亦
	Kaiping (Chikan)	亦, 都, 亦都
	Yangjiang	也
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	都
	Singapore (Guangfu)	都, 亦都
Gan	Nanchang	也
Hakka	Meixian	也
	Wuhua (Meilin)	也
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	乜
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	乜, 也
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	乜
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	乜
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	乜
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	嘛
	Kuching (Hepo)	呠
Huizhou	Jixi	也
Jin	Taiyuan	也
Northern Min	Jian'ou	也
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	也
Southern Min	Xiamen	也, 嘛
	Quanzhou	也, 嘛
	Zhangzhou	也, 嘛
	Taipei	也, 嘛
	Penang (Hokkien)	呠
	Singapore (Hokkien)	也, 呠, 嘛
	Manila (Hokkien)	也, 嘛, 閣
	Chaozhou	也
	Shantou	也
	Jieyang	也
	Singapore (Teochew)	呠, 也, 嘛
	Pontianak (Teochew)	也
	Wenchang	也
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	都
Wu	Shanghai	也
	Suzhou	亦
	Wenzhou	也
Xiang	Changsha	也
Xiang	Shuangfeng	也

(again):

Dialectal synonyms of 又 (“again; once more”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		又
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	又
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	又
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	又
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	又
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	又
	Wuhan	又
	Guilin	又
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	又
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	又
Cantonese	Guangzhou	又, 又試
	Hong Kong	又, 又試
	Yangjiang	又
Gan	Nanchang	又
Hakka	Meixian	又
Jin	Taiyuan	又
Northern Min	Jian'ou	又, 已
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	復
Southern Min	Xiamen	閣, 閣再, 又閣再, 又閣
	Quanzhou	閣, 閣再, 又閣再, 又閣
	Zhangzhou	閣, 閣再, 又閣再, 又閣
	Taipei	閣 GT, 閣再 GT, 又閣 GT
	Singapore (Hokkien)	閣, 閣再, 又閣
	Manila (Hokkien)	閣, 閣再
	Chaozhou	又, 又再
	Shantou	又
Wu	Shanghai	再, 又
	Suzhou	亦
	Wenzhou	亦
Xiang	Changsha	又
Xiang	Shuangfeng	又
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Compounds

不亦 (bùyì)
不亦樂乎／不亦乐乎 (bùyìlèhū)
亦步亦趨／亦步亦趋 (yìbùyìqū)
亦然 (yìrán)
亦都
人云亦云 (rényúnyìyún)
反之亦然 (fǎnzhīyìrán)
死亦瞑目 (sǐyìmíngmù)
盜亦有道／盗亦有道 (dàoyìyǒudào)
葉亦克／叶亦克 (Yèyìkè)

Japanese

Kanji

亦

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

also

Readings

Go-on: やく (yaku)
Kan-on: えき (eki)
Kun: また (mata, 亦)、でも (demo, 亦)

Definitions

Kanji in this term
亦
また Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 亦 – see the following entry.

【また】	[adverb] 亦: as well, likewise [conjunction] and, also Alternative spellings 又, 復, 也

(This term, 亦, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

亦 (eum 역 (yeok))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

亦: Hán Nôm readings: diệc

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation