Isotopen van dysprosium
Het chemisch element dysprosium (Dy), met een atoommassa van 162,500(1) u, bezit 7 stabiele isotopen: 156Dy, 158Dy, 160Dy, 161Dy, 162Dy, 163Dy en 164Dy, waarvan de laatste het meest abundant is (ongeveer 28,18%). De 28 radio-isotopen zijn onstabiel en hebben een relatief korte halfwaardetijd (de meeste minder dan een seconde). 163Dy en 164Dy kunnen theoretisch gezien spontane splijting ondergaan. De overige stabiele isotopen worden ervan verdacht via α-verval te vervallen tot isotopen van gadolinium, maar dit verval is nog nooit waargenomen. Bovendien is de halfwaardetijd van dit verval steeds miljoenen tot miljarden malen groter dan de leeftijd van het universum.
De kortstlevende isotoop van dysprosium is 138Dy, met een halfwaardetijd van ongeveer 200 milliseconden. De langstlevende is 154Dy, met een halfwaardetijd van 3 miljoen jaar.
Overzicht
[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]| Nuclide | Z (p) | N (n) | Isotopische massa (u) | Halveringstijd | Radioactief verval | VP | Kernspin | Isotopische verhouding (molfractie) |
Natuurlijk voorkomen (molfractie) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excitatie-energie | |||||||||
| 138Dy | 66 | 72 | 137,96249(64) | 200 ms | 0+ | ||||
| 139Dy | 66 | 73 | 138,95954(54) | 600(200) ms | 7/2+ | ||||
| 140Dy | 66 | 74 | 139,95401(54) | 700 ms | β+ | 140Tb | 0+ | ||
| 140mDy | 2166,1(5) keV | 7,0(5) µs | (8−) | ||||||
| 141Dy | 66 | 75 | 140,95135(32) | 0,9(2) s | β+ | 141Tb | (9/2−) | ||
| β+, p (zelden) | 140Gd | ||||||||
| 142Dy | 66 | 76 | 141,94637(39) | 2,3(3) s | β+ (99,94%) | 142Tb | 0+ | ||
| β+, p (0,06%) | 141Gd | ||||||||
| 143Dy | 66 | 77 | 142,94383(21) | 5,6(10) s | β+ | 143Tb | (1/2+) | ||
| β+, p (zelden) | 142Gd | ||||||||
| 143mDy | 310,7(6) keV | 3,0(3) s | (11/2−) | ||||||
| 144Dy | 66 | 78 | 143,93925(3) | 9,1(4) s | β+ | 144Tb | 0+ | ||
| β+, p (zelden) | 143Gd | ||||||||
| 145Dy | 66 | 79 | 144,93743(5) | 9,5(10) s | β+ | 145Tb | (1/2+) | ||
| β+, p (zelden) | 144Gd | ||||||||
| 145mDy | 118,2(2) keV | 14,1(7) s | β+ | 145Tb | (11/2−) | ||||
| 146Dy | 66 | 80 | 145,932845(29) | 33,2(7) s | β+ | 146Tb | 0+ | ||
| 146mDy | 2935,7(6) keV | 150(20) ms | IT | 146Dy | (10+) | ||||
| 147Dy | 66 | 81 | 146,931092(21) | 40(10) s | β+ (99,95%) | 147Tb | 1/2+ | ||
| β+, p (0,05%) | 146Tb | ||||||||
| 147m1Dy | 750,5(4) keV | 55(1) s | β+ (65%) | 147Tb | 11/2− | ||||
| IT (35%) | 147Dy | ||||||||
| 147m2Dy | 3407,2(8) keV | 0,40(1) µs | (27/2−) | ||||||
| 148Dy | 66 | 82 | 147,927150(11) | 3,3(2) min | β+ | 148Tb | 0+ | ||
| 149Dy | 66 | 83 | 148,927305(9) | 4,20(14) min | β+ | 149Tb | 7/2− | ||
| 149mDy | 2661,1(4) keV | 490(15) ms | IT (99,3%) | 149Dy | (27/2−) | ||||
| β+ (0,7%) | 149Tb | ||||||||
| 150Dy | 66 | 84 | 149,925585(5) | 7,17(5) min | β+ (64%) | 150Tb | 0+ | ||
| α (36%) | 146Gd | ||||||||
| 151Dy | 66 | 85 | 150,926185(4) | 17,9(3) min | β+ (94,4%) | 151Tb | 7/2− | ||
| α (5,6%) | 147Gd | ||||||||
| 152Dy | 66 | 86 | 151,924718(6) | 2,38(2) uur | EV (99,9%) | 152Tb | 0+ | ||
| α (0,1%) | 148Gd | ||||||||
| 153Dy | 66 | 87 | 152,925765(5) | 6,4(1) uur | β+ (99,99%) | 153Tb | 7/2− | ||
| α (0,00939%) | 149Gd | ||||||||
| 154Dy | 66 | 88 | 153,924424(8) | 3,0(15) × 106 jaar | α | 150Gd | 0+ | ||
| β+β+ (rare) | 154Gd | ||||||||
| 155Dy | 66 | 89 | 154,925754(13) | 9,9(2) uur | β+ | 155Tb | 3/2− | ||
| 155mDy | 234,33(3) keV | 6(1) µs | 11/2− | ||||||
| 156Dy | 66 | 90 | 155,924283(7) | stabiel | 0+ | 5,6(3) × 10−4 | |||
| 157Dy | 66 | 91 | 156,925466(7) | 8,14(4) uur | β+ | 157Tb | 3/2− | ||
| 157m1Dy | 161,99(3) keV | 1,3(2) µs | 9/2+ | ||||||
| 157m2Dy | 199,38(7) keV | 21,6(16) ms | IT | 157Dy | 11/2− | ||||
| 158Dy | 66 | 92 | 157,924409(4) | stabiel | 0+ | 9,5(3) × 10−4 | |||
| 159Dy | 66 | 93 | 158,9257392(29) | 144,4(2) dagen | EV | 159Tb | 3/2− | ||
| 159mDy | 352,77(14) keV | 122(3) µs | 11/2− | ||||||
| 160Dy | 66 | 94 | 159,9251975(27) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,02329(18) | |||
| 161Dy | 66 | 95 | 160,9269334(27) | stabiel | 5/2+ | 0,18889(42) | |||
| 162Dy | 66 | 96 | 161,9267984(27) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,25475(36) | |||
| 163Dy | 66 | 97 | 162,9287312(27) | stabiel | 5/2− | 0,24896(42) | |||
| 164Dy | 66 | 98 | 163,9291748(27) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,28260(54) | |||
| 165Dy | 66 | 99 | 164,9317033(27) | 2,334(1) uur | β− | 165Ho | 7/2+ | ||
| 165mDy | 108,160(3) keV | 1,257(6) min | IT (97,76%) | 165Dy | 1/2− | ||||
| β− (2,24%) | 165Ho | ||||||||
| 166Dy | 66 | 100 | 165,9328067(28) | 81,6(1) uur | β− | 166Ho | 0+ | ||
| 167Dy | 66 | 101 | 166,93566(6) | 6,20(8) min | β− | 167Ho | (1/2−) | ||
| 168Dy | 66 | 102 | 167,93713(15) | 8,7(3) min | β− | 168Ho | 0+ | ||
| 169Dy | 66 | 103 | 168,94031(32) | 39(8) s | β− | 169Ho | (5/2−) | ||
| 170Dy | 66 | 104 | 169,94239(21) | 30 s | β− | 170Ho | 0+ | ||
| 171Dy | 66 | 105 | 170,94620(32) | 6 s | β− | 171Ho | 7/2− | ||
| 172Dy | 66 | 106 | 171,94876(43) | 3 s | β− | 172Ho | 0+ | ||
| 173Dy | 66 | 107 | 172,95300(54) | 2 s | β− | 173Ho | 9/2+ | ||
Overzicht van isotopen per element
[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]| 1 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | 2 | Periodiek systeem | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | He | |||||||||
| 2 | Li | Be | De links verwijzen naar isotopen per element | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | |||||||||
| 3 | Na | Mg | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar |
| 4 | K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr |
| 5 | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe |
| 6 | Cs | Ba | ↓ | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn |
| 7 | Fr | Ra | ↓↓ | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |
| Lanthaniden | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | |||
| Actiniden | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | |||
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
- (en) R.B. Firestone, S.Y. Frank Chu & C.M. Baglin (1999) - Table of Isotopes (online versie van de cd-rom)
- (en) G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot & O. Bersillon (2003) - The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuclear Physics A, 729, pp. 3-128
- (en) J.R. de Laeter, J.K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H.S. Peiser, K.J.R. Rosman & P.D.P. Taylor (2003) - Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75 (6), pp. 683–800
- (en) M.E. Wieser (2006) - Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 78 (11), pp. 2051–2066
- (en) David R. Lide (2004) - CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.), hoofdstuk 11, CRC Press - ISBN 978-0849304859
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