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Undang-undang sedadu Korea Selatan 2024

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Udang-undang sedadu Korea Selatan 2024
Raban orang ke mantah ngelayang menira
Protes berindik ari pemantai undang-undang sedadu
Haribulan3–4 Disember 2024 (2024-12-03 – 2024-12-04)
c. 10:23 p.m. – 5:18 a.m.
Endur
Korea Selatan
KebuahPenyakal ngagai perambu bajet enggau nguji ngelepaska pendawa raya ti bisi kaul enggau skandal.
StatusAum Kunsil Menua milih deka ngelepaska undang-undang sedadu; undang-undang sedadu diangkat Yoon
Piak
Ketuai

Kena 3 Disember 2024, presiden Korea Selatan Yoon Suk Yeol mantaika undang-undang sedadu maya jaku laun malam ti ditabur terus ba televisyen YTN. Dalam deklarasyen iya, iya nuduh Parti Demokratik ke ngembuan majoriti ba Aum Kunsil Menua, siru enggau Korea Utara sereta bejalaika “aktiviti anti-menua”, lalu ngelabel agi sida nya gerempung jenayah ke bekerejasama enggau komunis ngerusak menua nya. Perintah nya nyengkaum nagang sebarang pengawa politik nyengkaum Aum Kunsil Menua, enggau ngetuka pengelepas pengawa mantaika berita.

Pemantai nya disakal Parti Demokratik enggau sekeda kaban Parti Kuasa Rayat Yoon, lalu ngujungka pengawa protes nyadi. Dua jam udah nya, kena 4 Disember, taja pan raban pengelikun nguji nagang undi nya, sida pengari rayat ke bisi ba Dewan Negara enggau sepenemu ngemendarka mosyen ngangkatka undang-undang soldadu 190-0.

Yoon udah nya ngelepaska undang-undang sedadu pengudah aum Kabinet lalu perintah undang-undang sedadu nya dibuai.[1]

Latar belakang

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Official portrait of Yoon Suk Yeol
Presiden Yoon Suk Yeol maya taun 2022

Korea Selatan diperintah nyadi demokrasi bepresiden baruh Konstitusyen 1987, ke nganti sistem parlimen enggau setengah presiden ke dulu ari nya. Yoon Suk Yeol, siku kaban Parti Kuasa Rayat konservatif enggau ex-pendawa raya besai, mangku pengawa nyadi Presiden Korea Selatan berindik ari pemenang iya ba pengawa bepilih presiden 2022.[2] Perintah iya udah ngembuan tikas pemendar ke baruh, nyentuk ngagai 17%, enggau pansik November 2024 mandangka 58% ari penyampau tubuh deka meda Yoon sekalika badu mangku pengawa tauka dipejal.[3] Iya udah bebendar ngulihka agenda iya laban Aum Kunsil Menua udah dikuasa Parti Demokratik penyakal. Ba pengawa bepilih legislatif bulan April 2024, penyakal mengkang megai kuasa tang agi kurang penyampau ke chukup (200 ari 300) dikena ngelepaska presiden.[4]

Yoon boikot pengawa bejadi Dewan Negara taja pan udah nyadi adat presiden meri jaku ba pengawa nya.[5] Yoon mega udah mantah pansik bekaul enggau skandal ti ngaul bini iya Kim Keon-hee enggau pemesai tinggi,[6] veto rang undang-undang ba tiga kali ke bebida ti minta pansik luyar spesyel ba bini iya, ketiga kali udah nyadi kena 26 November 2024.[7] Parlimen ke dikuasa penyakal mega udah mindah deka ngelepaska Chairman Lembaga Audit enggau Pemansik Choe Jae-hae enggau tiga iku pendawa raya ke bisi kaul enggau dua skandal ke ngaul Kim kena 2 Disember taun nya,[8] lalu udah nulak perambu belanja perintah.[9]

Tu keterubah iya undang-undang sedadu dipadahka di Korea Selatan kenyau ari pengawa rampas kuasa sedadu taun 1980 sepengudah diktator Park Chung Hee dibunuh, lalu keterubah iya kenyau ari demokratisasyen dalam taun 1987.[10] Tu nyadi pemantai undang-undang sedadu ke-17 kenyau ari penumbuh republik nya dalam taun 1948.[11] Kaban Aum Kunsil Menua enda diberi imuniti parlimen ari didawa lalu ulih ditangkap enti ditangkap ngereja penyalah.[12] Lebuh mantaika undang-undang sedadu, presiden mesti tekala nya madah ngagai Aum Kunsil Menua. Undang-undang sedadu ulih dikinsil nengah undi majoriti Aum Kunsil Menua.[13]

Pekara ti nyadi

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Pemantai undang-undang sedadu

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Templat:Wikisourcelang

Kena 3 December 2024 maya 10:22 p.m. Jam Standard Korea, Presiden Yoon Suk Yeol mantaika undang-undang soldadu. Dalam jaku iya ke dipansutka ba televisyen nasional, Yoon nuduh penyakal “nguji deka ngelabuhka demokrasi bibas” enggau chara ngelepaska kaban kabinet iya sereta nyekat perambu bajet iya. Iya minta rayat pechayaka iya sereta bebatak asur enggau "sekeda penusah",[14][15] lalu mega madahka bisi konspirasi Korea Utara ngelaban perintah Korea Selatan.[16] Tu keterubah iya undang-undang soldadu dipadahka di Korea Selatan kenyau ari taun 1979,[10] maya perintah sedadu ditaktor Chun Doo-hwan.[17][18] Udah nya diriputka menteri besai Han Duck-soo udah dikelaung ketegal deklarasyen nya, The Korea Times ngeripotka pengawa nya dipeda digaga berindik ari komunikasyen terus entara Presiden Yoon enggau menteri pengenan iya Kim Yong-hyun.[19]

Nitihka Ejensi Berita Yonhap, menteri pengenan Kim Yong-hyun ngasuh aum enggau chairman Ketuai Staf Begulai Kim Myung-soo.[20][21] Yoon nyiri Park An-su nyadi komander undang-undang soldadu iya.[22]

Berindik ari pemantai nya, perintah madahka aktiviti ba palan pelajar enggau servis pengangkut deka terus beoperasyen baka selama.[23][24]

Dekrit

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Kena 3 December 2024 maya 11:00 p.m. Jam Standard Korea, Perintah Undang-undang Sedadu Park An-su ngeluarka dekrit ti di baruh tu pasal undang-undang sedadu:[25][26][27]

Perintah Undang-undang Sedadu madahka utai ke di baruh tu berengkah ari pukul 11 ​​p.m. kena 3 Disember 2024, dikena nyaga demokrasi liberal ari raban anti-nengeri ke chakah dalam Republik Korea ke bebas enggau ancaman sida ke deka ngelabuhka nengeri nya, sereta dikena nentuka pengelikun mensia mayuh.

  1. Semua pengawa politik nyengkaum pengawa Aum Kunsil Menua, kunsil kandang menua, parti politik, enggau gerempung politik, gempuru enggau demonstrasyen ditagang.
  2. Semua pengawa ti nyangkal tauka nguji ngelabuhka sistem demokrasi bebas nya ditagang. Pengawa ngerembaika berita pelesu, manipulasyen penemu mensia mayuh, enggau propaganda pelesu ditagang.
  3. Semua media enggau penerbitan dipegai Perintah Undang-undang Sedadu.
  4. Mogok, ngetuka pengawa enggau gempuru ti ngasuh penyarut rama ditagang.
  5. Bala lutur pelatih enggau semua raban perubat bukai, ke mogok tauka udah ninggalka palan sida gawa, mesti pulai ngagai pangku pengawa sida dalam timpuh 48 jam lalu gawa enggau tetap ati. Sida ti ngelanggar perintah nya deka napi ukum nitihka Akta Undang-Undang Sedadu.
  6. Rayat biasa ke nadai penyalah, enda nyengkaum raban anti-nengeri enggau raban subversif bukai, deka kena atur dikena ngurangka penusah dalam pengidup sida besehari-sehari.

Orang ke ngelanggar proklamasyen nya tau ditangkap, ditan sereta diperesa enggau nadai waran nitihka Artikel 9 Akta Undang-Undang Sedadu (Kuasa Langkah-langkah Spesyel Panglima Undang-Undang Sedadu), lalu deka diukum nitihka Artikel 14 Akta Undang-Undang Sedadu (Penalti).

— Martial Law Commander, Army General Park An-su

Pemilih nginsil ari Aum Kunsil Menua

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Protest in front of the National Assembly during the night
Protes anti undang-undang sedadu kena 4 Disember ba Seoul

Berindik ari pemadah nya, raban sedadu tama ngagai begunan Aum Kunsil Menua lalu nguji tama ngagai dewan besai, endur ngundi. Berindik ari nya, pemesai parti nyembur sida ngena perengka pengerara api lalu mujur nagang penama sida. Bisi sekeda soldadu nguji tama nengah ringkat empat, tang ditagang pengereja pengawa.[28] Sekurang-kurang iya tiga buah bilun engkabang mega bisi terengkah ba palan gempuru seraya dua buah agi dipeda belayang ba atas.[29] Tangki bisi dipeda ba jalai alun.[30] Perintah undang-undang sedadu mega ngasuh kor pengarang berita opis presiden dibuai ari begunan iya di Seoul.[31] Konfrontasyen nyadi ba pintu besai kompleks gempuru entara raban pengelikun enggau orang awam.[32] Pengawa protes ngelaban undang-undang sedadu mega diatur ba Gwangju.[33]

Semua parti besai nyengkaum Parti Kuasa Rayat (PPP) ke megai perintah ke alai Presiden Yoon nyadi kaban, mantah pengawa nya. Ketuai PPP, Han Dong-hoon madahka: "Deklarasyen undang-undang sedadu presiden nya salah. Kami deka nagang nya begulai enggau rayat."[34] Tuai nengeri Seoul, Oh Se-hoon, ke mega kaban PPP, madahka diri mantah deklarasyen Yoon.[35] Lee Jae-myung, ketuai Parti Demokratik penyakal, ngansak rayat begempuru ba Aum Kunsil Menua lalu madahka Yoon “ukai agi presiden Korea Selatan”; Lee difilemka niki atas pagar begunan Aum Kunsil deka tama ke dalam, sepengudah sedadu udah nyekat pintu penama.[36] Ketuai Parti Pengaga Baru Korea, Cho Kuk mega ngumbai pengawa mantaika undang-undang sedadu nya “enda sah” lalu madahka nya nangkup syarat dikena ngelepaska Yoon enggau menteri pengenan Kim Yong-hyun.[37] Konfederasyen Gerempung Pengereja Pengawa Korea, gerempung gerempung pengereja pengawa ke pemadu besai di menua nya, minta pengawa mogok besai dikena nginsil pemantai undang-undang sedadu sereta ngelepaska presiden.[38]

Bala orang ke protes belaya enggau polis ba luar Aum Kunsil Menua.[39] Speaker Aum Kunsil Menua Woo Won-shik minta semua pengari undang-undang begempuru ba Aum Kunsil Menua.[4] Parti Demokratik Pampang Incheon mantah pengawa nya nyadika pemungkal “era diktator Yoon”.[40] Bala pengari undang-undang begerak ngelingi empang jalai polis dikena tama ngagai Aum Kunsil Menua. Lee Seong-yoon [Templat:Separated entries] ari Parti Demokratik diriputka udah niki pagar sepeninggi 1.5 m (4 ka 11 in) deka tama dia.[41]

Kena 4 December 2024 maya 12:48 a.m. Jam Standard Korea, Aum Kunsil Menua muka sesi ngenyit.[42] Urung jam 1 pagi,[43] Aum Kunsil Menua, enggau 190 ari penyampau 300 iku pengari undang-undang ke bisi datai, ngundi enggau sepenemu deka ngelepaska undang-undang sedadu.[44][16] Sida ke ngundi ngambika iya dikinsil nyengkaum 172 iku pengari rayat penyakal enggau 18 iku agi ari PPP.[45] Nitihka Artikel 77 Konstitusyen Republik Korea, presiden mesti nitihka pemutus Aum Kunsil Menua ti deka ngelepaska undang-undang sedadu.[46] Berindik ari pengawa ngundi nya, Speaker Woo Won-shik minta sedadu pansut ari Aum Kunsil Menua, lalu Lee Jae-myung madahka Parti Demokratik deka mengkang ba Dewan Negara nyentukka presiden ngelepaska undang-undang sedadu.[47][48] Sida mega bisi disempulang kaban ari PPP.[42]

Pengudah

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Sepengudah pilih nya, sekeda sedadu ke udah diau ba Aum Kunsil Menua dipeda pansut,[49] enggau opis Speaker udah nya madahka sida udah pansut abis.[50] Bala bukai berengkah nulak bala mayuh ke protes ke begempuru dia,[51] ke sepenyampau 2,000 iku orang.[28] Bala orang ke protes mega berengkah minta Yoon ditangkap sereta dibuai ari pengawa iya.[51][52] Lee Jae-myung madahka pengawa mantaika undang-undang sedadu nya digaga enggau nadai pemendar kabinet[53] lalu madahka raban pengelikun ti majak nitihka atur undang-undang sedady Yoon nya ngereja “pengawa ti enda sah”.[54] Opis menteri pegenan madahka undang-undang sedadu deka mengkang dikena nyentukka diputuska presiden.[55][56]

Pengelepas undang-undang sedadu

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Maya penerang nengah televisyen pukul 4:27 pagi Jam Standard Korea, Yoon madahka iya deka ngelepaska undang-undang sedadu enggau naka pengelengkas enti kuorum ulih diulih ungkup aum kabinet, lalu iya udah nginsil raban sedadu ari Aum Kunsil Menua.[57] Kena jam 4:30 a.m, kabinet ngemendarka mosyen ngelepaska undang-undang sedadu.[58] Perintah Undang-undang Sedadu mega dibuai.[1]

Malin

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "South Korea cabinet lifts martial law". BBC News. 3 December 2024. Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  2. ↑ "South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol declares martial law". Sky News (in Inggeris). 3 December 2024. Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  3. ↑ Park, James (3 December 2024). "Fearing his enemies, South Korea's Yoon declares martial law". Responsible Statecraft (in Inggeris). Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kim, Tong-Hyung (3 December 2024). "South Korean president declares martial law, accusing opposition of anti-state activity". AP News (in Inggeris). Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  5. ↑ Kim, Tong-Hyung (2 September 2024). "South Korea's president skips opening ceremony of parliament as strife with opposition deepens". AP News (in Inggeris).
  6. ↑ "South Korea's president declares emergency martial law". Al Jazeera (in Inggeris). Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  7. ↑ "South Korea martial law: How did we get here?". Al Jazeera (in Inggeris). 3 December 2024. Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  8. ↑ Min-kyung, Jung (2 December 2024). "Chief auditor, prosecutors to face Assembly impeachment vote". The Korea Herald (in Inggeris). Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  9. ↑ Kim, Sam (2 December 2024). "South Korea Budget Tussle Tests Yoon Ahead of Trump's Return". Bloomberg (in Inggeris). Archived from the original on 3 December 2024. Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Lowe, Yohannes; McEwen, Kirsty (3 December 2024). "South Korean military announces suspension of all parliamentary activity, says report – live". The Guardian (in Inggeris British). ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  11. ↑ Lim, Andy; Ji, Seiyeon; Cha, Victor (3 December 2024). "Yoon Declares Martial Law in South Korea". Center for Strategic and International Studies.
  12. ↑ 박, 소연 (4 December 2024). "44년 만에 전격 비상계엄 선포...국회의원 과반수 찬성 땐 '해제'". Money Today (in Korea). Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  13. ↑ 주, 영재 (4 December 2024). "더불어민주당 인천시당, '윤석열 독재 시대' 질타..."국민과 함께 대한민국 구할 것"". Kyeonggi Daily (in Korea). Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  14. ↑ Smith-Schoenwalder, Cecelia (3 December 2024). "What to Know: South Korean President Declares Martial Law". U.S. News.
  15. ↑ 머니투데이 (4 December 2024). "2시간 만에 해제 의결된 계엄령...윤 대통령은 무엇을 노렸을까". 머니투데이 (in Korea). Archived from the original on 3 December 2024. Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "South Korea latest: Martial law declared – as president warns of 'pro-North Korean forces'; police clash with protesters". Sky News (in Inggeris).
  17. ↑ "South Korean President Yoon declares martial law, accusing opposition of 'anti-state' activities". France 24. 3 December 2024.
  18. ↑ "South Korean Leader Declares Martial Law". The New York Times.
  19. ↑ "PM Han overlooked as defense minister bypasses him on martial law declaration". The Korea Times. 4 December 2024.
  20. ↑ "South Korea's Yoon Declares Martial Law in Emergency Address". Bloomberg. 3 December 2024 – via Bloomberg.com.
  21. ↑ "south Korea martial law: South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol has declared martial law in the country". HeadlinesToday. 3 December 2024.
  22. ↑ 이, 재연 (4 December 2024). "미 백악관 "한국 정부와 연락 중, 상황 긴밀 모니터링"". Seoul Shinmun (in Korea). Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  23. ↑ "(LEAD) Gov't ensures normal transport operations following martial law declaration". Yonhap News Agency. 4 December 2024.
  24. ↑ "All schools to open as normal amid martial law declaration: education ministry". The Korea Times. 4 December 2024.
  25. ↑ 서, 정명 (3 December 2024). "[속보] 계엄사령부 포고령(제1호) 전문". The Seoul Economic Daily (in Korea). Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  26. ↑ "South Korea president declares emergency martial law, warns of "communist forces"" (in Inggeris AS). CBS News. 3 December 2024. Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  27. ↑ Oh, Seok-min (4 December 2024). "Full text of martial law decree". Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 이보람,김하나 (4 December 2024). "계엄 해제 요구 가결에 "만세"...시민 2000명 집결, 국회 지켰다 [영상]" [Hurrah for the lifting of martial law... 2,000 citizens gather to protect the National Assembly [Video]]. JoongAng Ilbo (in Korea). Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  29. ↑ "South Korean parliament votes to defy president by lifting his declaration of martial law". Associated Press (in Inggeris). 4 December 2024. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
  30. ↑ Park, Hee-jae (4 December 2024). '대통령 계엄 해제까지는 계엄사 유지'...도심에 장갑차 목격도 ['Martial law will remain until the president lifts martial law'...Armored vehicles also seen in the city center]. YTN (in Korea). Archived from the original on 3 December 2024.
  31. ↑ "Presidential office press corps forced to leave". The Korea Herald (in Inggeris). 4 December 2024. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
  32. ↑ "Citizens outside Nat'l Assembly applaud as bill to lift martial law passes". Yonhap News Agency (in Inggeris). 4 December 2024. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
  33. ↑ "Citizens outraged by martial law, support repeal motion, demand Yoon's impeachment". The Korea Times (in Inggeris). 4 December 2024. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
  34. ↑ Yoon, So-Yeon (3 December 2024). "'Martial law is wrong': Han Dong-hoon pledges to stop Yoon Suk Yeol". JoongAng Ilbo (in Inggeris). Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  35. ↑ Lee, Jung-joo (4 December 2024). "Seoul mayor voices opposition against martial law". The Korea Herald. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
  36. ↑ Yoon, John (3 December 2024). "In a livestream on Tuesday night, Lee Jae-myung, the South Korean opposition leader, asked citizens to congregate at the National Assembly while on his way there himself". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  37. ↑ Park, Jun-hee (4 December 2024). "Cho Kuk says declaration of martial law 'illegal,' meets conditions for impeachment". The Korea Herald. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
  38. ↑ Kim, Heejin; Choi, Whanwoong (3 December 2024). "Korea's Largest Union Calls for Strike to Oppose Martial Law". BNN Bloomberg. Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  39. ↑ Yoon, John (3 December 2024). "Police officers are clashing with protesters outside the National Assembly, some of whom appear to be trying to enter the building as officers try to block them, live television footage shows". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  40. ↑ 박, 귀빈 (4 December 2024). "더불어민주당 인천시당, '윤석열 독재 시대' 질타..."국민과 함께 대한민국 구할 것"" [The Incheon City Party of the Democratic Party of Korea criticizes the 'Yoon Seok-yeol dictatorship era'... "We will save the Republic of Korea together with the people."]. Kyeonggi Daily (in Korea). Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  41. ↑ "South Korea lawmakers defy president and block martial law as crowds protest outside parliament – live updates". BBC News.
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 "Troops withdraw as National Assembly passes martial law repeal". The Korea Times. 4 December 2024. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
  43. ↑ "(4th LD) Yoon declares emergency martial law; parliament votes to lift declaration". Yonhap News Agency (in Inggeris). Retrieved 4 December 2024.
  44. ↑ Maresca, Thomas (3 December 2024). "South Korea's National Assembly votes to lift president's martial law decree". United Press International (in Inggeris). Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  45. ↑ Jung, Min-kyung (4 December 2024). "Assembly speaker declares martial law as invalid". The Korea Herald. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
  46. ↑ "South Korea latest: Soldiers clash with protesters as martial law declared; parliament votes to overturn president's shock order". Sky News (in Inggeris). Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  47. ↑ 신수아 (4 December 2024). "우원식 "윤 대통령, 즉시 비상계엄 해제해야‥군경, 즉시 국회 나가라"" [Woo Won-sik: "President Yoon, martial law must be lifted immediately. Military and police, leave the National Assembly immediately."]. MBC 뉴스 (in Korea). Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  48. ↑ 신수아 (4 December 2024). "[속보] 이재명 "민주당, 대통령의 계엄해제 선언 전까지 국회 지킬 것"" [[Breaking News] Lee Jae-myung: "Democratic Party Will Protect National Assembly Until President Declares Lifting of Martial Law"]. MBC 뉴스 (in Korea). Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  49. ↑ "South Korean parliament votes to defy president by lifting his declaration of martial law". AP News (in Inggeris). 3 December 2024. Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  50. ↑ "[Breaking] Martial law forces withdraw from parliament after nullification vote". The Korea Herald (in Inggeris). 4 December 2024. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 Yoon, John. "Live Updates: South Korean Lawmakers Vote to Defy President, Demanding an End to Martial Law". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  52. ↑ Kim, Arin (4 December 2024). "[From the Scene] Rush to get to National Assembly in first hours of martial law". The Korea Herald. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
  53. ↑ Choi, Jeong-yoon (4 December 2024). "Main opposition leader decries martial law declaration as 'illegal,' 'unconstitutional'". Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
  54. ↑ Choi, Jeong-yoon (4 December 2024). "[Breaking] Opposition leader Lee Jae-myung calls martial law declaration 'unconstitutional'". The Korea Herald. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
  55. ↑ "South Korean defense ministry says martial law will remain in place until president lifts decree". NBC News (in Inggeris). Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  56. ↑ "[속보] 국방부 관계자 "대통령 계엄해제 때까지 계엄사 유지"". The Korea Economic Daily (in Korea). 4 December 2024. Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  57. ↑ Ntim, Zac (3 December 2024). "South Korea's President Yoon Suk Yeol To Lift Martial Law Order". Deadline (in Inggeris AS). Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  58. ↑ 송상, 호 (4 December 2024). "(URGENT) S. Korean Cabinet approves motion to lift emergency martial law". Yonhap News Agency.
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