Eegenskapen
|
|
Algemian
|
Nööm, Symbool, Numer
|
Hafnium, Hf, 72
|
Seerie
|
Auergungsmetal
|
Skööl, Periode, Blook
|
4, 6, d
|
Klöör, Skak
|
stialgrä
|
CAS-Numer
|
7440-58-6
|
Uundial
|
4,2 ppm[1]
|
Atomaar [2]
|
Atoommase
|
178,49(2)[3] u
|
Atoomraadius (bereegent)
|
155 (208) pm
|
Kovalent-Raadius
|
150 pm
|
Elektroonen
|
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
|
1. Ionisiarang
|
658,5 kJ/mol
|
2. Ionisiarang
|
1440 kJ/mol
|
3. Ionisiarang
|
2250 kJ/mol
|
4. Ionisiarang
|
3216 kJ/mol
|
Füsikaalisk [2]
|
Tustant
|
fäät
|
Feranrangen
|
tau (α-/β-Hf)
|
Kristal
|
hexagonaal
|
Sachthaid
|
13,28 g/cm3 (25 °C)[4]
|
Hardhaid
|
5,5
|
Magnetismus
|
paramagneetisk[5] (Χm = 7,0 · 10−5)[6]
|
Smoltponkt
|
2506 K (2233 °C)
|
Köögponkt
|
4876 K[7] K (4603 °C)
|
Molaar Rüm
|
13,44 · 10−6 m3/mol
|
Dampwaremk
|
648 kJ/mol[7] kJ/mol
|
Smoltwaremk
|
25,5 kJ/mol
|
Dampdruk
|
0,00013[8] Pa bei 1970 K
|
Faard faan a tuun
|
3010 m/s bi 293,15 K
|
Waremk
|
140 J/(kg · K)
|
Elektrisk struumfeerang
|
3,12 · 106 A/(V · m)
|
Waremkfeerang
|
23 W/(m · K)
|
Cheemisk [2]
|
Oksidatsionstustant
|
4
|
Sür of baasisk
|
amfoteer
|
Normoolpotentiaal
|
−1,505 V (HfO2 + 4 H+ + 4 e− → Hf + 2 H2O)
|
Elektronegatiwiteet
|
1,3 (Pauling-Skala)
|
Isotoopen
|
|
Muar isotoopen bi List faan isotoopen
|
NMR-Eegenskapen
|
|
Seekerhaid
|
|
Muar wäärnangen
|
MAK-miat |
Sweits: 0,5 mg·m−3 (stoof)[10]
|
Miast wurd SI-ianhaiden brükt.
|
Hafnium as en cheemisk element mä det ufkörtang Hf an det atoomnumer 72. Hat as en grä auergungsmetal.
- ↑ Harry H. Binder: Lexikon der chemischen Elemente. S. Hirzel Verlag 1999, ISBN 3-7776-0736-3.
- ↑ A taalen för't infobox kem miast faan www.webelements.com (Hafnium) .
- ↑ CIAAW, Standard Atomic Weights Revised 2013.
- ↑ N. N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw: Chemie der Elemente. 1. aplaag. 1988, ISBN 3-527-26169-9, S. 1231.
- ↑ C. J. Kriessman, T. R. McGuire: Magnetic Susceptibility of Hafnium and Manganese. In: Physical Review. 98, 4, 1955, S. 936–937, doi:10.1103/PhysRev.98.936.
- ↑ Robert C. Weast (Hrsg.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. CRC (Chemical Rubber Publishing Company), Boca Raton 1990, ISBN 0-8493-0470-9, S. E-129 bit E-145. Wäärser diar uun g/mol an uun cgs-ianhaiden. Heer amreegent tu SI-wäärs.
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 Yiming Zhang, Julian R. G. Evans, Shoufeng Yang: Corrected Values for Boiling Points and Enthalpies of Vaporization of Elements in Handbooks. Uun: Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data. 56, 2011, S. 328–337, doi:10.1021/je1011086.
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 Iindraanj tu Hafnium, Pulver uun't GESTIS-dootenbeenk faan't IFA, ufrepen di 30. April 2017 (mä JavaScript).
- ↑ Dootenbleed Hafnium, powder, −325 mesh, 99.5% trace metals basis (purity excludes ~2% zirconium), contains 1:10 pentanol to water solution as stabilizer bi Sigma-Aldrich, ufrepen di 3. Mai 2017.
- ↑ Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt (SUVA): Aktuel MAK- an BAT-wäärser