Voĉa dentala frikativo
Aspekto
Voĉa dentala frikativo | |
---|---|
ð | |
IPA-numero | 131 |
Kodoj | |
HTML, dekume | &#ð; |
Unikodo, deksesume | U+00F0 |
SAMPA | D |
Voĉa dentala alproksimanto | |
---|---|
ð̞ | |
ɹ̪ | |
La voĉa dentala frikativo estas konsonanta sono uzata en iuj parolataj lingvoj. Tiu sono ne povas esti trovita en Esperanto.
Por fari /ð/, metu la pinton de via lango inter viajn superajn kaj malsuperajn dentojn. Puŝu aeron el via buŝo inter via lango kaj viaj dentoj. Vibrigu viajn voĉkordojn.
Okazo
[redakti | redakti fonton]Lingvo | Vorto | IFA | Difino | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Albana | idhull | [iðuɫ] | 'idoli' | |
Aleuta | damo | [ðɑmo] | 'domo' | |
Angla | Ricevita prononco | this | [ðɪs] | 'ĉi tiu' |
Okcidenta amerika angla | [ð̪͆ɪs] | |||
Araba | Moderna norma[1] | ذهب | [ˈðahab] | 'oro' |
Golfa | ||||
Naĝdi | ||||
Arumana | zală | [ˈðalə] | 'butera selakto' | |
Asiria | ܘܪܕܐ | [wεrð̞a] | 'floro' | |
Astura | Iuj dialektoj | fazer | [fäˈðeɾ] | 'fari' |
Baŝkira | ҡаҙ | [qɑð] | 'ansero' | |
Berta | [fɛ̀ːðɑ̀nɑ́] | 'balai' | ||
Birma[2] | အညာသား | [ʔəɲàd̪͡ðá] | 'interana' | |
Kataluna[3] | cada | [ˈkɑðɐ] | 'ĉiu' | |
Kria | Arbara kria (ð-dialekto) | nitha | [niða] | 'mi' |
Ekstremadura | ḥazel | [häðel] | 'fari' | |
Elfdalia | baiða | [ˈbaɪða] | 'atendi' | |
Emilia | Bolonja | żänt | [ðæ̃:t] | 'popolo' |
Eŭska[4] | adar | [að̞ar] | 'korno' | |
Fiĝia | ciwa | [ðiwa] | 'naŭ' | |
Galega | Iuj dialektoj | fazer | [fɐˈðeɾ] | 'fari' |
Germana | Aŭstra | leider | [ˈlaɛ̯ða] | 'bedaŭrinde' |
Greka | δάφνη | [ˈðafni] | 'laŭro' | |
Gviĉina | niidhàn | [niːðân] | 'vi volas' | |
Hana | ë̀dhä̀ | [ə̂ðɑ̂] | 'kaŝi' | |
Harsusa | [ðebeːr] | 'abelo' | ||
Hebrea | Iraka | אדוני | [ʔaðoˈnaj] | 'mia dio' |
Hispana | Multaj dialektoj[5] | dedo | [ˈd̪e̞ð̞o̞] | 'fingro' |
Judhispana | Multaj dialektoj | קריאדֿור | [kɾiaˈðor] | 'kreinto' |
Kabila | ḏuḇ | [ðuβ] | 'esti laca' | |
Kagajaneno[6] | kalag | [kað̞aɡ] | 'spirito' | |
Kimra | bardd | [barð] | 'bardo' | |
Malaja | Malajzia | azan | [a.ðan] | 'azano' |
Malajala | 'അത്' | [aðɨ̆] | 'tiu' | |
Maria | Orienta dialekto | шодо | [ʃoðo] | 'pulmo' |
Nord-samea | dieđa | [d̥ieðɑ] | 'scienco' | |
Normanda | Ĵerzeja | méthe | [mɛð] | 'patrino' |
Norvega | Meldala dialekto[7] | i | [ð̩ʲ˕ː] | 'en' |
Okcitana | Gaskona | que divi | [ke ˈð̞iwi] | 'kio mi devus' |
Portugala | Eŭropa[8] | nada | [ˈn̪äðɐ] | 'nenio' |
Sarda | nidu | [ˈnið̞u] | 'nesto' | |
Skotgaela | Luis and Sudo uist | Màiri | [ˈmaːðɪ] | 'Maria' |
Sua | Lakota | zapta | [ˈðaptã] | 'kvin' |
Svahila | dhambi | [ðɑmbi] | 'peko' | |
Sveda | Centra norma[9] | bada | [ˈbɑːð̞ä] | 'bani' |
Iuj dialektoj[7] | i | [ð̩ʲ˕ː] | 'en' | |
Siria | Okcidento Novaramea | ܐܚܕ | [aħːeð] | 'preni' |
Tamila | ஒன்பது | [wʌnbʌðɯ] | 'naŭ' | |
Tanakrosa | dhet | [ðet] | 'hepato' | |
Tuĉonoj | Norda | edhó | [eðǒ] | 'kaŝi' |
Suda | adhǜ | [aðɨ̂] | ||
Venecia | mezorno | [meˈðorno] | 'tagmezo' |
Notoj
[redakti | redakti fonton]Referencoj
[redakti | redakti fonton]
- Basbøll, Hans (2005), The Phonology of Danish, OUP Oxford, (ISBN 0-19-824268-9)
- Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (1–2): 53–56, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618
- Cotton, Eleanor Greet; Sharp, John (1988), Spanish in the Americas, Georgetown University Press, (ISBN 978-0-87840-094-2), https://books.google.com/books?id=89KX2RC6Gx0C
- Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 25 (2): 90–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223
- Engstrand, Olle (2004) (in sv), Fonetikens grunder, Lund: Studenlitteratur, (ISBN 91-44-04238-8)
- Grønnum, Nina (2003), "Why are the Danes so hard to understand?", in Jacobsen, Henrik Galberg, Take Danish - for instance: linguistic studies in honour of Hans Basbøll, presented on the occasion of his 60th birthday, Odense: Syddansk Universitetsforlag, pp. 119–130
- Hualde, José Ignacio (1991), Basque phonology, New York: Routledge, (ISBN 978-0-415-05655-7), https://books.google.com/books?id=PBqPPLE2iXEC
- Maddieson, Ian; Spajić, Siniša; Sands, Bonny; Ladefoged, Peter (1993), "Phonetic structures of Dahalo", UCLA working papers in phonetics: Fieldwork studies of targeted languages, 84, Los Angeles: The UCLA Phonetics Laboratory Group, pp. 25–65, http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8k45g432
- Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Illustrations of the IPA: Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373, https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/39B1C556856D62AF8FC53D3F22435750/S0025100303001373a.pdf/castilian_spanish.pdf
- Mateus, Maria Helena; d'Andrade, Ernesto (2000), The Phonology of Portuguese, Oxford University Press, (ISBN 0-19-823581-X)
- Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquiapan Zapotec", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 38 (1): 107–114, doi:10.1017/S0025100308003344, http://www.balsas-nahuatl.org/mixtec/Christian_articles/Otomanguean/Merrill.pdf
- Olson, Kenneth; Mielke, Jeff; Sanicas-Daguman, Josephine; Pebley, Carol Jean; Paterson, Hugh J., III (2010), "The phonetic status of the (inter)dental approximant", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 40 (2): 199–215, doi:10.1017/S0025100309990296, http://www.sil.org/resources/archives/48235
- Pop, Sever (1938), Micul Atlas Linguistic Român, Muzeul Limbii Române Cluj
- Quilis, Antonio (1981) (in es), Fonética acústica de la lengua española, Gredos, (ISBN 9788424901318), https://books.google.com/books?id=XjZdAAAAMAAJ
- Thelwall, Robin; Sa'Adeddin, M. Akram (1990), "Arabic", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20 (2): 37–41, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004266
- Vanvik, Arne (1979) (in no), Norsk fonetikk, Oslo: Universitetet i Oslo, (ISBN 82-990584-0-6)
- Watkins, Justin W. (2001), "Illustrations of the IPA: Burmese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 31 (2): 291–295, doi:10.1017/S0025100301002122, https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/334DD11C94575EF39A51109B008FB090/S0025100301002122a.pdf/burmese.pdf