Voĉa dentala frikativo

Voĉa dentala alproksimanto
Voĉa dentala alproksimanto
ð̞
ɹ̪

Voĉa dentala frikativo
	ð
IPA-numero	131
Kodoj
HTML, dekume	&#ð;
Unikodo, deksesume	U+00F0
SAMPA	D
	v • d • r

La voĉa dentala frikativo estas konsonanta sono uzata en iuj parolataj lingvoj. Tiu sono ne povas esti trovita en Esperanto.

Por fari /ð/, metu la pinton de via lango inter viajn superajn kaj malsuperajn dentojn. Puŝu aeron el via buŝo inter via lango kaj viaj dentoj. Vibrigu viajn voĉkordojn.

Okazo

Lingvo		Vorto	IFA	Difino
Albana		idhull	[iðuɫ]	'idoli'
Aleuta		damo	[ðɑmo]	'domo'
Angla	Ricevita prononco	this	[ðɪs]	'ĉi tiu'
Angla	Okcidenta amerika angla	this	[ð̪͆ɪs]	'ĉi tiu'
Araba	Moderna norma^[1]	ذهب	[ˈðahab]	'oro'
	Golfa
	Naĝdi
Arumana		zală	[ˈðalə]	'butera selakto'
Asiria		ܘܪܕܐ	[wεrð̞a]	'floro'
Astura	Iuj dialektoj	fazer	[fäˈðeɾ]	'fari'
Baŝkira		ҡаҙ	[qɑð]	'ansero'
Berta		[fɛ̀ːðɑ̀nɑ́]		'balai'
Birma^[2]		အညာသား	[ʔəɲàd̪͡ðá]	'interana'
Kataluna^[3]		cada	[ˈkɑðɐ]	'ĉiu'
Kria	Arbara kria (ð-dialekto)	nitha	[niða]	'mi'
Ekstremadura		ḥazel	[häðel]	'fari'
Elfdalia		baiða	[ˈbaɪða]	'atendi'
Emilia	Bolonja	żänt	[ðæ̃:t]	'popolo'
Eŭska^[4]		adar	[að̞ar]	'korno'
Fiĝia		ciwa	[ðiwa]	'naŭ'
Galega	Iuj dialektoj	fazer	[fɐˈðeɾ]	'fari'
Germana	Aŭstra	leider	[ˈlaɛ̯ða]	'bedaŭrinde'
Greka		δάφνη	[ˈðafni]	'laŭro'
Gviĉina		niidhàn	[niːðân]	'vi volas'
Hana		ë̀dhä̀	[ə̂ðɑ̂]	'kaŝi'
Harsusa		[ðebeːr]		'abelo'
Hebrea	Iraka	אדוני	[ʔaðoˈnaj]	'mia dio'
Hispana	Multaj dialektoj^[5]	dedo	[ˈd̪e̞ð̞o̞]	'fingro'
Judhispana	Multaj dialektoj	קריאדֿור	[kɾiaˈðor]	'kreinto'
Kabila		ḏuḇ	[ðuβ]	'esti laca'
Kagajaneno^[6]		kalag	[kað̞aɡ]	'spirito'
Kimra		bardd	[barð]	'bardo'
Malaja	Malajzia	azan	[a.ðan]	'azano'
Malajala		'അത്'	[aðɨ̆]	'tiu'
Maria	Orienta dialekto	шодо	[ʃoðo]	'pulmo'
Nord-samea		dieđa	[d̥ieðɑ]	'scienco'
Normanda	Ĵerzeja	méthe	[mɛð]	'patrino'
Norvega	Meldala dialekto^[7]	i	[ð̩ʲ˕ː]	'en'
Okcitana	Gaskona	que divi	[ke ˈð̞iwi]	'kio mi devus'
Portugala	Eŭropa^[8]	nada	[ˈn̪äðɐ]	'nenio'
Sarda		nidu	[ˈnið̞u]	'nesto'
Skotgaela	Luis and Sudo uist	Màiri	[ˈmaːðɪ]	'Maria'
Sua	Lakota	zapta	[ˈðaptã]	'kvin'
Svahila		dhambi	[ðɑmbi]	'peko'
Sveda	Centra norma^[9]	bada	[ˈbɑːð̞ä]	'bani'
Sveda	Iuj dialektoj^[7]	i	[ð̩ʲ˕ː]	'en'
Siria	Okcidento Novaramea	ܐܚܕ	[aħːeð]	'preni'
Tamila		ஒன்பது	[wʌnbʌðɯ]	'naŭ'
Tanakrosa		dhet	[ðet]	'hepato'
Tuĉonoj	Norda	edhó	[eðǒ]	'kaŝi'
Tuĉonoj	Suda	adhǜ	[aðɨ̂]	'kaŝi'
Venecia		mezorno	[meˈðorno]	'tagmezo'

Notoj

Referencoj

Basbøll, Hans (2005), The Phonology of Danish, OUP Oxford, (ISBN 0-19-824268-9)
Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (1–2): 53–56, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618
Cotton, Eleanor Greet; Sharp, John (1988), Spanish in the Americas, Georgetown University Press, (ISBN 978-0-87840-094-2), https://books.google.com/books?id=89KX2RC6Gx0C
Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 25 (2): 90–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223
Engstrand, Olle (2004) (in sv), Fonetikens grunder, Lund: Studenlitteratur, (ISBN 91-44-04238-8)
Grønnum, Nina (2003), "Why are the Danes so hard to understand?", in Jacobsen, Henrik Galberg, Take Danish - for instance: linguistic studies in honour of Hans Basbøll, presented on the occasion of his 60th birthday, Odense: Syddansk Universitetsforlag, pp. 119–130
Hualde, José Ignacio (1991), Basque phonology, New York: Routledge, (ISBN 978-0-415-05655-7), https://books.google.com/books?id=PBqPPLE2iXEC
Maddieson, Ian; Spajić, Siniša; Sands, Bonny; Ladefoged, Peter (1993), "Phonetic structures of Dahalo", UCLA working papers in phonetics: Fieldwork studies of targeted languages, 84, Los Angeles: The UCLA Phonetics Laboratory Group, pp. 25–65, http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8k45g432
Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Illustrations of the IPA: Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373, https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/39B1C556856D62AF8FC53D3F22435750/S0025100303001373a.pdf/castilian_spanish.pdf
Mateus, Maria Helena; d'Andrade, Ernesto (2000), The Phonology of Portuguese, Oxford University Press, (ISBN 0-19-823581-X)
Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquiapan Zapotec", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 38 (1): 107–114, doi:10.1017/S0025100308003344, http://www.balsas-nahuatl.org/mixtec/Christian_articles/Otomanguean/Merrill.pdf
Olson, Kenneth; Mielke, Jeff; Sanicas-Daguman, Josephine; Pebley, Carol Jean; Paterson, Hugh J., III (2010), "The phonetic status of the (inter)dental approximant", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 40 (2): 199–215, doi:10.1017/S0025100309990296, http://www.sil.org/resources/archives/48235
Pop, Sever (1938), Micul Atlas Linguistic Român, Muzeul Limbii Române Cluj
Quilis, Antonio (1981) (in es), Fonética acústica de la lengua española, Gredos, (ISBN 9788424901318), https://books.google.com/books?id=XjZdAAAAMAAJ
Thelwall, Robin; Sa'Adeddin, M. Akram (1990), "Arabic", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20 (2): 37–41, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004266
Vanvik, Arne (1979) (in no), Norsk fonetikk, Oslo: Universitetet i Oslo, (ISBN 82-990584-0-6)
Watkins, Justin W. (2001), "Illustrations of the IPA: Burmese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 31 (2): 291–295, doi:10.1017/S0025100301002122, https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/334DD11C94575EF39A51109B008FB090/S0025100301002122a.pdf/burmese.pdf

Bibliotekoj

PeEnEo: 839712

[1] Thelwall & Sa'Adeddin (1990)

[2] Watkins (2001)

[3] Carbonell & Llisterri (1992)

[4] Hualde (1991)

[5] Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003)

[6] Olson et al. (2010)

[Vanvik14-7] 7,0 ^7,1 Vanvik (1979)

[8] Cruz-Ferreira (1995)

[engstrand-9] Engstrand (2004)

[1]