testa
English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]testa (plural testas or testae or testæ)
- (botany) A seed coat.
- The testa develops from the tissue, the integument, originally surrounding the ovule.
- 1840, James Scott Bowerbank, A History of the Fossil Fruits and Seeds of the London Clay, page 30:
- The seeds are furnished with a reticulated testa, very much in appearance like that of the seeds of two closely-allied pericarps in the cabinet of my friend Mr. Ward, of Wellclose-square, the names of which I have been unable to obtain, but which present strong evidence of belonging to the Malvaceæ.
- 1969, C. W. Bennett, Seed Transmission of Plant Viruses, Alison Smith, Advances in Virus Research, Volume 14, page 224,
- In tests with the Lincoln and Virginia varieties of cowpea, Crowley (1959) found that, in plants infected with bean southern mosaic virus before blossoming, the virus was present in nearly 100% of the testae and endosperms of seeds of both varieties, but could not be detected in the embryos.
- 1977, Commonwealth Scientific, Industrial Research Organization, Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, page 354:
- Thus, two conditions must be satisfied for the testas to have this effect: contact between the testas and the radicle, and the presence of at least half of the testas.
- 2005, D. W. Dickson, D. De Waele, Nematode Parasites of Peanut, Michel Luc, Richard A. Sikora, John Bridge, Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture, page 419,
- A.[Aphelenchoides] arachidis is a parasite of pods, testae, roots and hypocotyls, but not the cotyledons, embryos or other parts of the plant (Bos, 1977a; Bridge et al., 1977).
- 2007, J. Smartt, “Evolution of American Phaseolus beans under domestication”, in Peter John Ucko, G. W. Dimbleby, editors, The Domestication and Exploitation of Plants and Animals, page 458:
- One of the most remarkable features of cultivated beans is the enormous range of testa colours and patterns which can be found.
- (marine biology) The external calciferous shell, or endoskeleton, of an echinoderm; the test.
Anagrams
[edit]Catalan
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Latin testa (“burned clay; baked earthenware”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]testa f (plural testes)
- (Empordanese) head
- Synonym: cap
- end (of a post, plank, barrel, etc.)
- (botany) testa (the outer layer of a seed coat)
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]testa
Etymology 3
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]testa
- inflection of testar (“to test”):
Etymology 4
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]testa
- inflection of testar (“to witness”):
Further reading
[edit]- “testa” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Franco-Provençal
[edit]Noun
[edit]testa (Old Beaujolais, Piemontais)
References
[edit]- testa in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu
French
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]testa
- third-person singular past historic of tester
Anagrams
[edit]Galician
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Galician-Portuguese testa (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin testa (“earthen pot”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]testa f (plural testas)
- forehead
- 1390, José Luís Pensado Tomé (ed.), Os Miragres de Santiago. Versión gallega del Códice latino del siglo XII atribuido al papa Calisto I. Madrid: C.S.I.C., page 133:
- Et avia ẽno rrostro hũu palmo et meo en longo et ẽna barua hũu palmo, et ẽno nariz hũu meo palmo; et ẽna testa hũu palmo et pouquo mais
- He had a palmspan and a half in his face, and in the beard a palmspan, and half one in the nose; and in the front he had one palmspan and a little more
- 1434, A. López Carreira (ed.), Libro de Notas de Álvaro Afonso, doc. 90:
- os quaes roçiins era huun delles ven preto con hun signal enna testa et ho outro ben çerbyño con huna mancha enna testa
- one of that horses was really dark, with a signal in his forehead, and the other was tawny with a spot in his forehead
- Synonym: fronte
- 1390, José Luís Pensado Tomé (ed.), Os Miragres de Santiago. Versión gallega del Códice latino del siglo XII atribuido al papa Calisto I. Madrid: C.S.I.C., page 133:
- (figurative) the whole head of a person
- 1697, several authors, Fiestas Minervales, Santiago: Antonio Frayz, page 34:
- Dubido do que farei / Para saír desta enfeita / Maxino roer as uñas / E bourar mui ben na testa
- I'm dubious on what to do / To exit of this preparation / I imagine gnawing my nails / And ably beating my head
- limit of a property
- Synonyms: derrego, estremeiro, límite, lindeiro
- fore
- Synonym: fronte
- lid
- Synonym: tello
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]testa f sg
Etymology 3
[edit]Verb
[edit]testa
- inflection of testar:
References
[edit]- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “testa”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- “testa” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “testa”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “testa”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “testa”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Italian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Latin testa. The semantic development is earthen pot → skull → head.
Noun
[edit]testa f (plural teste, diminutive testìna or testolìna or testicciòla or testicciuòla, augmentative testóna or testóne m, pejorative testàccia, derogatory testùccia)
- (anatomy) head
- (numismatics) obverse (of a coin)
- (anatomy) head (of a bone)
- (rail transport, singular only, uncountable) head (of a train), the first car(s)
- Antonym: coda
- La prima classe è in testa al treno ― The first class is at the head of the train
Synonyms
[edit]- (part of the body): capo
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
[edit]testa
- inflection of testare:
Anagrams
[edit]Latin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Unknown:
- Perhaps as if tosta, from torreō (“to burn, parch”).[1]
- Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *tₔtḱ-t-, from *tetḱ- (“to create, produce”) (whence Latin texō (“to weave”)). Thus cognate with Middle Persian tšt' (tašt).
- Borrowed from a substrate language, as words for vessels often are.[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈtes.ta/, [ˈt̪ɛs̠t̪ä]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈtes.ta/, [ˈt̪ɛst̪ä]
Noun
[edit]testa f (genitive testae); first declension
- a piece of burned clay, brick, tile
- (transferred sense) a piece of baked earthenware
- a sort of clapping with the flat of the hands (as if with two tiles), in token of applause, invented by Nero
Declension
[edit]First-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | testa | testae |
Genitive | testae | testārum |
Dative | testae | testīs |
Accusative | testam | testās |
Ablative | testā | testīs |
Vocative | testa | testae |
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Balkan Romance:
- Romanian: țeastă
- Italo-Romance:
- Padanian:
- Northern Gallo-Romance:
- Southern Gallo-Romance:
- Ibero-Romance:
References
[edit]- “testa”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “testa”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- testa in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- testa in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- “testa”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- testa in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[1], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
- “testa”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
- Cravens, Thomas D. Cross-language evidence in etymology: The origin of 'testa' as 'head' in Romance. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen. 83: 53–60.
- ^ “testa”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 617
Latvian
[edit]Noun
[edit]testa m
Lombard
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- tèsta (Classical Milanese Orthography)
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]testa f
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Verb
[edit]testa
- inflection of teste:
- simple past
- past participle
Occitan
[edit]Noun
[edit]testa f (plural testas)
- Alternative form of tèsta
Old Occitan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]testa f (oblique plural testas, nominative singular testa, nominative plural testas)
Descendants
[edit]Portuguese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]
Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Galician-Portuguese testa, from Latin testa.
Noun
[edit]testa f (plural testas)
- forehead (part of the face above the eyebrows and below the hairline)
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
[edit]testa
- inflection of testar:
Further reading
[edit]- “testa”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
Romanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]a testa (third-person singular present testează, past participle testat) 1st conj.
- (transitive) to test; to try
- Synonym: încerca
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | a testa | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | testând | ||||||
past participle | testat | ||||||
number | singular | plural | |||||
person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
indicative | eu | tu | el/ea | noi | voi | ei/ele | |
present | testez | testezi | testează | testăm | testați | testează | |
imperfect | testam | testai | testa | testam | testați | testau | |
simple perfect | testai | testași | testă | testarăm | testarăți | testară | |
pluperfect | testasem | testaseși | testase | testaserăm | testaserăți | testaseră | |
subjunctive | eu | tu | el/ea | noi | voi | ei/ele | |
present | să testez | să testezi | să testeze | să testăm | să testați | să testeze | |
imperative | — | tu | — | — | voi | — | |
affirmative | testează | testați | |||||
negative | nu testa | nu testați |
References
[edit]- testa in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
Romansch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]testa f (plural testas)
Usage notes
[edit]In Rumantsch Grischun, the literary standard language, testa is used in the figurative sense, and chau in the anatomical sense. Usage differs somewhat, however, between dialects.
Synonyms
[edit]- (Rumantsch Grischun) chau
- (Sursilvan) tgau
- (Sutsilvan) tgieu
- (Surmiran) tgea
- (Puter) cho
- (Vallader) cheu
Sicilian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin testa (“earthen pot”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]testa f (plural testi)
Spanish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Latin testa. Compare the inherited Old Spanish tiesta.
Noun
[edit]testa f (plural testas)
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
[edit]testa
- inflection of testar:
Further reading
[edit]- “testa”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swedish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Audio: (file)
Verb
[edit]testa (present testar, preterite testade, supine testat, imperative testa)
- to try, to attempt; (to see if a specific action is possible; also to see if a device works properly)
Conjugation
[edit]Active | Passive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | testa | testas | ||
Supine | testat | testats | ||
Imperative | testa | — | ||
Imper. plural1 | testen | — | ||
Present | Past | Present | Past | |
Indicative | testar | testade | testas | testades |
Ind. plural1 | testa | testade | testas | testades |
Subjunctive2 | teste | testade | testes | testades |
Participles | ||||
Present participle | testande | |||
Past participle | testad | |||
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. |
Further reading
[edit]- testa in Svensk ordbok.
Anagrams
[edit]- English terms borrowed from Latin
- English terms derived from Latin
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English nouns with irregular plurals
- en:Botany
- English terms with quotations
- en:Marine biology
- en:Plant anatomy
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan nouns
- Catalan countable nouns
- Catalan feminine nouns
- ca:Botany
- Catalan non-lemma forms
- Catalan adjective forms
- Catalan verb forms
- Old Franco-Provençal
- Old Beaujolais
- Piemontais
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French non-lemma forms
- French verb forms
- Galician terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms inherited from Latin
- Galician terms derived from Latin
- Galician terms with IPA pronunciation
- Galician lemmas
- Galician nouns
- Galician countable nouns
- Galician feminine nouns
- Galician terms with quotations
- Galician non-lemma forms
- Galician adjective forms
- Galician verb forms
- Italian 2-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Italian terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Italian/ɛsta
- Rhymes:Italian/ɛsta/2 syllables
- Italian terms inherited from Latin
- Italian terms derived from Latin
- Italian lemmas
- Italian nouns
- Italian countable nouns
- Italian feminine nouns
- it:Anatomy
- it:Currency
- it:Skeleton
- it:Rail transportation
- Italian singularia tantum
- Italian uncountable nouns
- Italian terms with usage examples
- Italian non-lemma forms
- Italian verb forms
- Latin terms with unknown etymologies
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms borrowed from substrate languages
- Latin terms derived from substrate languages
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin first declension nouns
- Latin feminine nouns in the first declension
- Latin feminine nouns
- Latin terms with transferred senses
- Late Latin
- Latvian non-lemma forms
- Latvian noun forms
- Lombard terms with IPA pronunciation
- Lombard lemmas
- Lombard nouns
- Lombard feminine nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål non-lemma forms
- Norwegian Bokmål verb forms
- Occitan lemmas
- Occitan nouns
- Occitan feminine nouns
- Occitan countable nouns
- Old Occitan terms inherited from Latin
- Old Occitan terms derived from Latin
- Old Occitan lemmas
- Old Occitan nouns
- Old Occitan feminine nouns
- Portuguese 2-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Portuguese/ɛstɐ
- Rhymes:Portuguese/ɛstɐ/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Portuguese/ɛʃtɐ
- Rhymes:Portuguese/ɛʃtɐ/2 syllables
- Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms inherited from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese feminine nouns
- Portuguese non-lemma forms
- Portuguese verb forms
- pt:Face
- Romanian terms borrowed from French
- Romanian terms derived from French
- Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian verbs
- Romanian verbs in 1st conjugation
- Romanian transitive verbs
- Romansch terms inherited from Latin
- Romansch terms derived from Latin
- Romansch lemmas
- Romansch nouns
- Romansch feminine nouns
- Rumantsch Grischun
- Sursilvan Romansch
- Surmiran Romansch
- Puter Romansch
- Vallader Romansch
- Sicilian terms inherited from Latin
- Sicilian terms derived from Latin
- Sicilian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sicilian lemmas
- Sicilian nouns
- Sicilian feminine nouns
- scn:Anatomy
- Spanish 2-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/esta
- Rhymes:Spanish/esta/2 syllables
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish feminine nouns
- Spanish non-lemma forms
- Spanish verb forms
- Swedish terms with audio pronunciation
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish verbs
- Swedish weak verbs