Appendix:Proto-Panoan reconstructions

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Proto-Pano reconstructions:

Oliveira (2014)

[edit]

English glosses

[edit]

Proto-Pano reconstructions with English glosses:[1]

English gloss Proto-Panoan
sun *βaɽi
star *wis(...)
corn *ʂɨki
to make, to kill *ʔak-
capybara *ʔamɨ(n)
big, large *ʔani
paca (Cuniculus paca) *ʔano
intransitive concord suffix *-ʔaʂ
kind of poison *ʔaʂ(an)-
tapir (Tapirus terrestris) *ʔawaɽ
woman, wife *ʔawi(n)
woman *ʔaw̆iβo
to swallow, to inhale *ʔaya-
I (1sg) *ʔɨ
big, large *ʔɨwa
louse *ʔia
lake *ʔian
owner *ʔiʔβo
bird species *ʔiʔtsak
hot, heat *ʔitsis
heat, hot *yoʔo
hot *ʂa(n)a
to embrace, to keep in one's arms *ʔikok-
to keep/carry in one's arms *ʔikoʔiko-
to rise, to go up *ʔira-
livestock, domestic animal *ʔinak
to give *ʔinar-
jaguar species *ʔi(n)o
fish species (of family Loricariidae) *ʔipo
pain, to hurt *ʔisir-
blackbird species (of family Icteridae) *ʔisko
monkey species (of family Atelidae) *ʔiso
monkey species *ɽiɽo
howler monkey (monkey species) *ɽoʔo
monkey species *ʃiro
monkey species (Callitrichidae?) *sipi
monkey species *wasa
to run *ʔisto-
very, much *ʔitsak
king vulture *ʔiʃmi(n)
heavy *ʔiwɨ
stingray *ʔiwi
tick *hoʔpoʂ
rain *ʔoi
to look *ʔoi(n)-
to cough *ʔok(o)-
to know, to learn *ʔo(n)a(n)-
freshwater (lit. new liquid) *ʔoma-paʂa
to laugh *ʔosa(n)-
to sleep *ʔoʂ(a)-
shadow *ʔota
to suck *ʔoyo-
he, that *ha(a)
to run, to flee *haβa(t)-
heron species *haka
to tread (on) *hamak-
tongue *hana
to vomit *ha(n)a(n)-
name *harɨ
curassow (bird species of family Cracidae) *hãsi(n)
opening *hãʂaβa
this much *hatit
3PL *hato
what, which *haw(ɨ/a)
his, her(s) *hawɨn
path, way, forest trail *βaʔi
night, dark *βaʔki(ʃ)i
dark, night *yamɨ(t)
cloth (?) *βatʃi
grazed, cleared *βai(C)
son, child *βakʷɨ
foam *βakoʂ
to plant *βana-
egg *βatsi
to whisper *βaʂɨʂɨ-
sweet *βata
fish species *βato(m)
parrot (species of family Psittacidae) *βawa
fish species (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans) *βawi(n)
to fetch, to search *βɨ-
comitative *-βɨt, *-bɨta(n)
boy, adolescent *βɨʔra(C)
to forget, to lose *βɨʔ(n)oÇ
tear *βɨʔo(m)
waves *βɨʔʃo(n)
forehead, face *βɨmãnan
husband, male *βɨnɨ
man, male *βɨ̃βo
tree species (of family Phyllanthaceae) *βɨp(on)
eye *βɨɽo
to cut *βɨstɨ-
eyebrows *βɨʂko
eyebrows *βɨʂpi
frog species *βɨʂko
thin, flat *βɨʂ(n)a(n)
soup, broth *βɨtɨm
face (body part prefix) *βɨ-
to catch *βiÇ-
skin, leather, hide *βitsi
heron species *βitʃo
mosquito species *βi
fruit *βimi
wasp *βira
moriche palm (Mauritia vinifera) *βinon
guava *βĩpiʃ
pluralizer *-βo
woodpecker species (of family Picidae) *βoir
kind of box *βoʔ(n)a(n)-ti
palm species *βoʔɽɨ(t)
stump, trunk *βoʔɽo(Ç)
fish species (of family Pimelodidae) *βoɨ
resin *βoi(Ç)
tree species (Cecropia?) *βoko(n)
a small tree whose bark is used to make ropes *βoko
bee species *βo(n)a
hair, coat *βo
kind of beetle *βõpa
otter species *βõsi(m)
head *βoʂka(Ç)
to sit (down) *tsaʔo(t)-
fish species *tsatsa
hiccup, to hiccup *tsɨko-
cicada *tsiʔo
charcoal, ember *tsitsɨ
ember, firewood charcoal *(ts)is(t)o
who *tso(a)
to catch, to grab with the hand *tsoma-
to sting, to pierce, to inject *tʃaʔtʃi-
to crush, to beat, to hit *tʂaka-
to lie *tʃa(n)i-
clam species *tʃãpiʃ
cricket, locust *tʂãpo
kingfisher *tʃaɽaʂ
deer species *tʂaʂo
fire *tʃiʔi
ashes (lit. fire dust) *tʃiʔi mapo
to steer (a canoe) from behind *tʃiβi-
rear part *tʃipo
to wash, to wash oneself *tʃoka-
cloth, clothes *tʃopa
hard, strong *tʃoɽiʃ
hard, strong *kɨɽɨʂ
liquid, water *hɨ(n)ɨ
fish species *hɨ(n)ɨ ʔino
to leave, to let go of *hɨ(n)ɨÇ
palm species *hɨpɨ
to shine, to burn *hɨɽɨ-
to put out (fire) *(n)oka-
seed *hɨʂɨ
to enter *hiʔki-
ant species *hiʔima
ant species *hi(ts)i
blood *himi
tail *hina
to see, to look *his-
kind of ant *hitsis
to urinate, urine *hisor-
kind of tree as well as its fruit *hiʃtʃiβi
tree (generic), log (generic) *hiwi-
to hear, to listen, to understand *kʷak-
edge, lips *kʷɨβi
Penelope (bird species) *kʷɨβo
to want, to desire *kʷɨ̃ɨ̃-
to want *katsi, *-kas
to love, to like, to want *(n)oi-
to call *kʷɨ(n)a-
kind of bench *kʷɨ(n)a(n)
to draw, to paint *kʷɨ(n)ɨ-
beard *kʷɨ(n)i
end, extreme *kʷɨ(n)o-
to skewer *kʷɨo(n)-
lips *kʷɨʂa(n)
beard *kʷɨʂ(n)i
macaw species *kaʔi(n)
back *kaʔtɨ
relative *ka(n)i
kind of basket *kaka(n)
pineapple *ka(n)
jaguar *kamar
snake species *kaʔmoʂ
macaw species *kara
flash of lightning *karak
bow *kano-
kind of squirrel *kapa
cayman *kapɨt
cará (kind of yam) *kaɽi
firewood *kaɽo
mat *kaʃi
back (body part prefix) *ka-
to sew *kɨʔʂɨ-
vessel, dish, plate *kɨ̃tʃa(C)
piece, shard *kɨʂɨ
thick *kɨʂto(C)
kind of pan *kɨ̃ti(C)
to end, to finish *kɨyo-
locative ablative suffix, directional, towards *-ki
hole, opening *kiri
thigh *kʷisi
smoke *kʷaʔin
to boil *koβi(n)-
jaw *kʷi
mother's brother *koka
glowworm *koki(ʃ)
mother's brother *koko
to swallow soft food *koko-
glowworm *koko(ʃs)i-
tinamou (bird species) *koma
fungus species *ko(n)o
pus *ko
value *kopi
ashes, greyish *koɽo
cedar *(k)oʂna
causative verbal suffix *-m(a)-
hill *maʔtʃi
fish species *maʔi(r)
cold *matsi
to sweep *matso-
animal horn *mãtʃa(n)
earth, land *mai
on earth, on the ground *mai(n)
to bury *mai(n)-, *maiwa-
headband, hat *maiti
rat *maka
rat *ʂoya
stone, rock *maka
piranha (fish species) *makɨ
to wish *mara-
over, about *ma(n)a(n)
metal *ma(n)ɨ
banana *ma(n)i
to long *(ma)(n)o(t)-
to climb (a hill) *mapɨ-
shrimp *mapi
head *mapo
clay, dust *mapok
plant species *maɽaʂ
agouti (rodent species) *maɽi
calabash species *masɨ(n)
sand *masi
stone *maʂaʂ
urucum (the tree and its fruit) *maʂɨ
on top, peak *maʂka(t)
to cut hair *maʂkoɽ-
animal horn *mãʂo
to hit the head *matas
to die *mawa-
ant species *mawis
to twist, to spin, to move in circles *maya-
to touch, to touch with the hand, to feel *mɨʔ(ɨ)-
to wet, wet *mɨʔtʃa-
hand, arm *mɨβi
fingernail *mɨ̃tsis
claw, nail *hõtsis
hand *mɨkɨr
right hand *mɨkɨrɨ kʷaya
to find, to look for *mɨɽa-
to crawl *mɨʂo
finger *mɨtoti
slough, muddy area *mɨwɨ
2SG *mi
2PL *mato
pamonha (traditional corn pastry) *mɨsi
hook, fishhook *miʃkiti
poison, bitter *moka
thorn *moʂa
nest *naʔa
sloth species *naʔir
sky *naiɽ
mosquito species *(n)akʷa
termite *nakʷaʂɨ
to dream *(n)ama-
below, under, underneath *nama
meat *rami
genipap (kind of fruit) *(n)a(n)ɨ
to put inside, to submerge *nan(ɨ)-
inside, in the middle *(n)apo
to bathe, to take a bath *(n)as(i)-
wide, broad *(n)aʂβa
to bite *(n)atɨʂ-
foreigner *(n)awa
rainbow *(n)awa βaʔi
cut vegetation, abandoned land *(n)awɨ
trumpeter bird *(n)ɨa
to unite, to put together *(n)ɨʔa-
to tie *(n)ɨʂa-
bird species *(n)ɨʂ(n)ɨʂ
day *rɨtɨ
to stand *niÇ
forest, woods *(n)iʔi
breeze *(n)iβiÇ
centipede, scorpion *(n)iβo
to listen, to hear *(n)ĩka
to drag, to pull *(n)i(n)-
to sweat *(n)iska(n)-
palm species *(n)isi
to be bored *(n)iʃ-
wind *(n)iwɨ
1PL *no(-)
deep *(n)oa-
smail species *(n)oʔtʃo
worm *noʔir
snail species *(n)oβo
tasty, delicious *(n)o(ɨ)
to swim *(n)on(a)-
to swim *nono-
duck *rorom
canoe *(n)õti
to fly *(n)o(ya)-
to come, to arrive *ho-
flower *hoa
language, voice, word *hoi
to breathe *hoin
heart *hoi(n)ti
to hide *hon(ɨ)-
man, human *honi
wild hog species *ho(n)o
red *hoʃin
white *hoʂo
to wash *paʔtsa-
to get drunk, drunk *paʔɨn-
deaf *paβɨ
ear *paβĩki
bamboo species (Guadua weberbaueri, taboca) *paka
to fall *pakɨt-
armadillo species *paɨ(n)o
ear adornment, earring *pa(ʔ)o(t)
father *papa
to deceive *paɽa(n)-
river *paɽo
ear (body part prefix) *pa-
yellow *pãʃin
new, fresh, raw *paʂa
blossoming small branch on a stem *paʂko
deaf *pãtot
to shake *paya-
rotten *payo
wing, feather *pɨʔi
to eat *pi-
nephew, son of one's sister *piʔak
arrow *pia
parakeet *pitso
hummingbird *pi(n)o
toucan species *pisa
cujubi(m) (Pipile cujubi, bird species), wild turkey *koʂo
large toucan species *ʂokɨ
snake species *pisika
small bag (?) *piʃa
mat *piʃi(n)
small *pistia
food *piti
faeces *poʔi-
kind of tubercle (yam?) *poa
sister or brother of the opposite sex *poi
intestine, belly *poko
vein *pono
owl species *popo
sloth species *posɨ(n)
ankle *poʂko
to thow, to abandon *pota-
dust *poto
arm *poyam
during, while *ɽaʔma
remedy, drug, traditional medicine *ɽaʔo
to be afraid, to get scared *ɽaʔtɨ-
two *ɽaβɨt
to be ashamed *ɽaβi(n)-
knee, kneecap *ɽãβoʂo(ko)
to fear, to be afraid of *ɽakʷɨ-
to lie down *ɽaka-
to cover, to surround *ɽako-
body hair, coat *ɽani
knee *ɽa(n)toko-
to kill *ɽɨʔtɨ-
end, headwater (?) ("ponta, cabeceira do rio") *ɽɨβo
forward, upwards (of river) *ɽɨβo+ki
hole in nose, nostril *ɽɨ+kini
to grind *ɽɨnɨ-
nasal septum *ɽɨpaC
to knock down, to fall over *ɽɨɽ-
musical instrument *ɽɨwɨ
equal, the same way, also *-ɽiʔβi, *ɽiʔβa
thread, string, cord *ɽisiβitʃi
thread *ɽisis
axe *ɽoɨ
tobacco *ɽomɨ
snake *ɽoro
to be on a diet, to fast *sama-
to lift, to suspend *sa(n)á(n)-
fish species *sa(n)í(n)
kind of small fish *sani(n)
to put on clothes, to dress *sawɨÇ-
fierce *si(n)a
coati species (Nasua nasua) *sisi
good, pretty *ʃaɽa
chest (body part prefix) *ʃik
plant species *ʃiko(n)
spider species *ʃi(n)a
to think *sina(n)-
pium (fly species) *ʃio
clarity *ʂaʔβak
tamandua (kind of anteater) *ʂaʔɨ
to cut *ʂaʔtɨ-
to yawn *ʂaβa-
tree bark, skin *ʂakaÇ
sister-in-law, wife, cross-cousin (?) *ʂa(n)o
bone *ʂao
cotton *ʂapo
pestle, stone *ʂaʂo
calabash species *ʂata(n)
macaw species *ʂawar
tortoise *ʂawɨ
sugar cane (?) *ʂawi
to drink *ʂɨʔa-
to thresh corn *ʂɨʔmɨ-
palm species *ʂɨβo(n)
gecko species *ʂɨkɨÇ
caterpillar species *ʂɨ(n)a
tree species *ʂɨ(n)a(n)
fat, grease, oil *ʂɨ(n)i
old *ʂɨ(n)i
tooth, beak (of bird) *ʂɨta
vulture *ʂɨtɨ
to smell *ʂɨtɨ-
smell, scent *wia
stinky, stench *pisi
ceiling, roof (made of straw), to thatch *ʂɨwa-
benefactive *-ʂo(n)
transitive concord suffix *-ʂon
to roast *ʂoʔi-
needle *ʂoʔomoʂ
to scratch, to itch, itch *ʂoa-
fat *ʂoaC-
house *ʂoβo
to peel *ʂoka-
small *ʂoko
to cast skin (?) *ʂokoC-
breasts, milk *ʂoma
green, unripe *ʂoo
papaya *ʂopa(n)
down feather *ʂopoÇ
chest *ʂotsi
girl, young girl *ʂõtako
foot *taʔɨ
temporary house, shelter (?) *taʔpas
liver *takʷa
peanut *tama
cheek *tamβo
to try, to taste (?) *tara-
palm species *taoaÇ
bridge, platform *tapo
root *tapon
old log, rotten log *taɽa
to spin (?) *taɽá(n)-
clothes *taɽi
kinf of basket *tasa
salt *taʃi
pile of logs floating down the river *taʂa
bamboo used for making arrows *tawa
to break *tɨʔk(ɨ)-
blowpipe *tɨpi
sprout, shoot *tɨʂka(n)
neck, nape, throat *tɨʂo
Adam's apple *tɨto(n)
hawk species *tɨtɨC
instrumental nominalizer *-ti
to hit, to beat *tima-
rifle, shotgun *to...
strainer *toʔati
to make pregnant, to give birth *to(ʔo)-
frog or toad species *toa
dark blue *to(n)a(n)
wart *toʂpi
to make *-wa
farm, garden *wai
water, river *waka
fish species *wamɨ
palm species *wani(m)
pumpkin species *waɽa(m)
to sweep, to forage *was
herb *wasi
spider's web *was(n)o(n)
cotton *waʂmɨ(n)
imperative verbal suffix *-wɨ
narrow strait between two islands *wɨa
other, another *wɨts(a)
one (numeral) *wɨsti
lower leg *wiʔtaʂɨ
to row *wi(n)a-
to cry, to weep *wi(n)-
club, baton *wino
to pass *wi(n)o-
calf *wipoko
black *wiso
with, in possession of *-ya
tick precies *yaʔra(n)
town, settlement *yakat-
negative suffix *(-ya)ma
axe *yami
fish *yapa
late; afternoon *yãtan
wild hog species *yawa
armadillo species *yawis
to say, to speak *yoʔi-
animal *yoʔi(n)a
to have fever, to get annoyed *yo(n)a-
wizard *yoβɨ(ka)
pepper species *yotʃi
to ask *yoka-
fish species *yoma
thread, line, cord *yoma(n)
to steal *yomɨtso-
people, human body *yoɽa
to grow *yo(o)si
spirit *yosi(n)
woman, old woman *yoʂa

Portuguese glosses

[edit]

Proto-Pano reconstructions with Portuguese glosses:[2]

Número Protopáno Glosa
1. *ʔak- fazer, matar
2. *ʔatsa macaxeira, mandioca
3. *ʔamɨ[n] capivara
4. *ʔani grande
5. *ʔano paca (Cuniculus paca)
6. *-ʔaʂ sufixo de concordância do intransitivo
7. *ʔaʂ[an]- tipo de veneno
8. *ʔawaɽ anta’ (Tapirus terrestris)
9. *ʔawi[n] mulher, esposa
9a. *ʔawĩβo mulher
10. *ʔaya- tragar
11. *ʔɨ
12. *ʔɨwa grande
13. *ʔia piolho
14. *ʔian lago
15. *ʔiʔβo dono
16. *ʔiʔtsak esp. de pássaro
17. *ʔitsis quente, calor
18. *ʔikok- abraçar, segurar nos braços
18a. *ʔikoʔiko- (provavelmente uma reduplicação do verbo em 18 *ʔikok-.)
18b. *ʔira- subir
19. *ʔinak criação, animal doméstico
20. *ʔinar- dar
21. *ʔi[n]o esp. de onça
22. *ʔipo esp. de peixe (esp. da fam. Loricariidae)
23. *ʔĩsir- dor, doer
24. *ʔisko japu (esp. de pássaro da fam. Icteridae)
25. *ʔiso macaco preto (esp. de macaco da fam. Atelidae)
26. *ʔisto- correr
27. *ʔitsak muito
28. *ʔiʃmi[n] urubu rei
29. *ʔiwɨ pesado
30. *ʔiwi arraia
31. *hoʔpoʂ esp. de carrapato
32. *ʔoi chuva
33. *ʔoi[n]- olhar
34. *ʔok[o]- tossir
35. *ʔo[n]a[n]- conhecer, aprender
36. *ʔoma-paʂa água fresca (lit. líquido novo)
37. *ʔosa[n]- rir
38. *ʔoʂ[a]- dormir
39. *ʔoʂɨ lua
40. *ʔota sombra
41. *ʔoyo- chupar, sugar
42. *ha[a] ele, esse
43. *haβa[t]- correr, fugir
44. *haka esp. de garça
45. *hamak- pisar
46. *hana língua
47. *ha[n]a[n]- vomitar
48. *harɨ nome
49. *hãsi[n] mutum (da esp. da fam. Cracidae)
50. *hãʂaβa abertura
51. *hatit esse tanto
52. *hato 3ª pessoa do plural
53. *haw[ɨ/a] que, o que
54. *hawɨn seu, sua, dele, dela
55. *βaʔi caminho, picada
56. *βaʔki[ʃ]i noite, escuro
57. *βatʃi tela
58. *βai[C] roçado
59. *βakwɨ filho, criança
60. *βakoʂ espuma
61. *βana- plantar
62. *βaɽi sol
63. *βatsi ovo
64. *βaʂɨʂɨ- cochichar
65. *βata doce
66. *βato[m] esp. de peixe
67. *βawa papagaio (esp. da fam. Psittacidae)
68. *βawi[n] surubim (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans)
69. *βɨ- trazer, buscar
70. *-βɨt ~ -bɨta[n] comitativo
71. *βɨʔra[C] novo
72. *βɨʔ[n]oCc- esquecer, perder
73. *βɨʔo[m] lágrima
74. *βɨtʃo[n] ondas
75. *βɨmãnan testa, cara
76. *βɨnɨ marido, macho
77.
78. *βɨp[on] esp. de árvore (segundo SHELL (1975 [1965]) Savia Pegajosa)
79. *βɨɽo olho
80. *βɨstɨ- cortar
81. *βɨʂko sobrancelhas (?)
82. *βɨʂpi sobrancelhas
83. *βɨʂko esp. de sapo
84. *βɨʂ[n]a[n] fino, raso
85. *βɨtɨm sopa, caldo
86. *βɨ- rosto, cara (prefixo parte do corpo)
87. *βiCc- pegar
88. *βitsi pele, couro
89. *βitʃo esp. de garça
90. *βi carapanã
91. *βimi fruto
92. *βira marimbondo, caba
93. *βinon buriti (Mauritia vinifera)
94. *βĩpiʃ goiaba (?)
95. *-βo pluralizador
96. *βoir esp. de picapau (da fam. Picidae)
97. *βoʔ[n]a[n]-ti tipo de caixa
98. *βoʔɽɨ[t] esp. de palmeira (murumuru)
99. *βoʔɽo[Cc] toco, tronco
100. *βoɨ esp. de peixe (da fam. Pimelodidae)
101. *βoi[Cc] cera de abelhas
102. *βoko[n] esp. de árvore (embaúba?)
103. *βoko esp. de árvore
104. βo[n]a esp. de abelha
105. *βo pelo, cabelo
106. *βõpa esp. de besouro
107. *βõsi[m] esp. de lontra
108. *βoʂka[Cc] cabeça
109. *tsaʔo[t]- sentar (sentar-se)
110. *tsatsa esp. de peixe
111. *tsɨko- soluço, soluçar
112. *tsiʔo cigarra
113. *tsistɨ carvão, brasa
114. *[ts]is[t]o
115. *tso[a] quem
116. *tsoma- pegar, agarrar com a mão
117. *tʃaʔtʃi- picar, dar agulhada, ferrar, injetar, furar
118. *tʂaka- amassar, bater, golpear
119. *tʃa[n]i- mentir
120. *tʃãpiʃ esp. de molusco
121. *tʂãpo grilo, gafanhoto
122. *tʃaɽaʂ martim pescador
123. *tʂaʂo esp. de veado
124. *tʃiʔi fogo
125. *tʃiʔi mapo cinza (lit. pó (poeira) de fogo)
126. *tʃiβi- guiar (uma canoa) por trás
127. *tʃipo parte posterior
128. *tʃoka- lavar, lavar-se
129. *tʃopa tela, roupa
130. *tʃoɽiʃ duro, forte
131. *hɨ[n]ɨ líquido, água
132. *hɨ[n]ɨ ʔino lontra
133. *hɨ[n]ɨCc- deixar, largar
134. *hɨpɨ esp. de palmeira (jarina)
135. *hɨɽɨ- bilhar, queimar
136. *hɨʂɨ semente
137. *hiʔki- entrar
138. *hiʔima esp. de formiga
139. *hi[ts]i esp. de formiga
140. *himi sangue
141. *hina rabo
142. *his- ver, olhar
143. *hitsis esp. de formiga
144. *hisor- urinar, urina
145. *hiʃtʃiβi esp. de árvore e também seu fruto (segundo SHELL (1975))
146. *hiwi- árvore (gen.), pau (gen.)
147. *kwak- ouvir, escutar, entender
148. *kwɨβi borda, lábios
149. *kwɨβo jacu (esp. de pássaro)
150. *kwɨɨ̃- desejar
151. *kwɨ[n]a- chamar
152. *kwɨ[n]a[n] tipo de banco
153. *kwɨ[n]ɨ- desenhar, pintar
154. *kwɨ[n]i barba
155. *kwɨ[n]o- ponta, extremo
156. *kwɨo[n]- ensartar
157. *kwɨʂa[n] lábios
158. *kwɨʂ[n]i barba
159. *kaʔi[n] esp. de arara
160. *kaʔtɨ costas
161. *ka[n]i parente
162. *kaka[n] tipo de cesto
163. *ka[n] abacaxi
164. *kamar onça
165. *kaʔmoʂ esp. de cobra
166. *kara esp. de arara
167. *karak relâmpago
168. *kano- arco
169. *kapa quatipuru
170. *kapɨt jacaré
171. *kaɽi cará
172. *kaɽo lenha
173. *katsi ~ *-kas querer
174. *kaʃi morcego
175. *ka- costas (prefixo parte do corpo)
176. *kɨʔʂɨ- costurar
177. *kɨ̃tʃa[C] vasilha, prato
178. *kɨɽɨʂ duro, forte
179. *kɨʂɨ pedaço, caco
180. *kɨʂto[C] grosso, espesso
181. *kɨ̃ti[C] tipo de panela
182. *kɨyo- terminar, acabar
183. *-ki sufixo locativo ablativo
184. *kiri buraco, orifício
185. *kwisi coxa
186. *kwaʔin fumaça
187. *koβi[n]- ferver
188. *kwi [talvez kowi] mandíbula
189. *koka irmão da mãe
190. *koki[ʃ] vaga-lume
191. *koko irmão da mãe
192. *koko- ingerir alimentos moles
193.
194. *koma nambu
195. *ko[n]o esp. de fungo
196. *ko pus
197. *kopi valor
198. *koɽo cinza, acinzentado
199. *[k]oʂna cedro
200. *koʂo cujubim
201. *-m[a]- sufixo verbal causativo
202. *maʔtʃi morro, colina
203. *maʔi[r] esp. de peixe
204. *matsi frio
205. *matso- varrer
206. *mãtʃa[n] chifre de animal
207. *mai terra
208. *mai[n] na terra, por terra
209. *maiti faixa para a cabeça, chapéu
210. *maka rato
211. *maka pedra, rocha
212. *makɨ piranha (esp. de peixe)
213. *mara- esperar
214. *ma[n]a[n] sobre, encima, acima
215. *ma[n]ɨ metal
216. *ma[n]i banana
217. *[ma][n]o[t]- sentir saudade
218. *mapɨ- subir (um morro)
219. *mapi camarão
220. *mapo cabeça
221. *mapok barro, poeira
222. *maɽaʂ esp. de planta
223. *maɽi cutia (esp. de roedor)
224. *masɨ[n] esp. de cabaça
225. *masi areia
226. *maʂaʂ pedra
227. *maʂɨ urucum (a árvore e o seu fruto)
228. *maʂka[t] encima, cume
229. *maʂkoɽ- cortar o cabelo
230. *mãʂo chifre de animal
231. *matas golpear a cabeça
232. *mawa- morrer
233. *mawis esp. de formiga
234. *maya- torcer, girar, mover em círculos
235. *mɨʔ[ɨ]- tocar, mexer com a mão, tatear
236. *mɨʔtʃa- molhar, molhado
237. *mɨβi mão
238. *mɨ̃tsis unha da mão
239. *mɨkɨr mão
240. *mɨkɨrɨ kwaya mão direita
241. *mɨɽa- encontrar, procurar
242. *mɨʂo engatinhar
243. *mɨtoti dedo
244. *mɨwɨ barreiro, canamã
245. *mi tu, você
246a. *mato vocês, vós
247. *mɨsi pamonha
248. *miʃkiti anzol
249. *moka veneno, amargo
250. *moʂa espinho
251. *naʔa ninho
252. *naʔir esp. de preguiça (macaco)
253. *naiɽ céu
254. *[n]akwa esp. de mosquito
255. *nakwaʂɨ cupim
256. *[n]ama- cupim
257. *nama abaixo, embaixo, sob
258. *rami carne
259. *[n]a[n]ɨ jenipapo
260. *nan[ɨ]- colocar dentro, submergir
261. *[n]apo dentro, no centro
262. *[n]a[si]- banhar-se, tomar banho
263. *[n]aʂβa largo
264. *[n]atɨʂ- morder
265. *[n]awa estrangeiro
266. *[n]awa βaʔi arco íris
267. *[n]awɨ capoeira, roça abandonada
268. *[n]ɨa jacamim (esp. de pássaro)
269. *[n]ɨʔa- unir, juntar
270. *[n]ɨʂa- amarrar
271. *[n]ɨʂ[n]ɨʂ esp. de pássaro (Shell (1975 [1965] o descreve como shansho)
272. *rɨtɨ día
273. *niCc- ficar em pé
274. *[n]iʔi mata, floresta
275. *[n]iβiCc brisa
276. *[n]iβo lacraia, escorpião
277. *[n]ĩka escurtar, ouvir
278. *[n]i[n]- arrastar
279. *[n]iska[n]- suar
280. *[n]isi esp. de palmeira
281. *[n]iʃ- aborrecer-se
282. *[n]iwɨ vento
283. *no[-] nós, nos
284. *[n]oa- profundo
285. *[n]oʔtʃo esp. de caramujo
286. *noʔir minhoca
287. *[n]oβo esp. de caramujo
288. *[n]o[ɨ] gostoso, delicioso
289. *[n]oi- amar, gostar
290. *[n]oka- apagar
291. *[n]on[a]- nadar
292. *nono- nadar
293. *rorom pato
294. *[n]õti canoa
295. *[n]o[ya]- voar
296. *ho- vir, chegar
297. *hoa flor
298. *hõtsis garra, unha
299. *hoi fala, voz, palavra
300. *hoin respirar
301. *hoi[n]ti coração
302. *hon[ɨ]- esconder
303. *honi homem, humano
304. *ho[n]o esp. de queixada (porco do mato)
305. *hoʃin vermelho
306. *hoʂo branco
307. *paʔtsa- lavar
308. *paʔɨn- embebedar-se, bêbado, embriagado
309. *paβɨ surdo
310. *paβĩki ouvido (provavelmente paβi (orelha) + n (gen.) + kini (buraco) = buraco de orelha)
311. *paka esp. de taboca (bambu)
312. *pakɨt- cair
313. *paɨ[n]o esp. de tatu
314. *pa[ʔ]o[t] enfeite de orelha, brinco
315. *papa pai
316. *paɽa[n]- enganar
317. *paɽo rio
318. *pa- ouvido (prefixo parte do corpo)
318. *rono- pedurar
319. *pãʃin amarelo
320. *paʂa novo, fresco, cru
321. *paʂko ramo
322. *pãtot surdo
323. *paya- abanar
324. *payo podre
325. *pɨʔi asa, pena
326. *pi- comer
327. *piʔak sobrinho, filho da irmã
328. *pia flecha
329. *pitso periquito
330. *pi[n]o beija-flor
331. *pisa esp. de tucano
332. *pisi fedido, fedor
333. *pisika esp. de cobra
334. *piʃa bolsa pequena (?)
335. *piʃi[n] esteira
336. *pistia pequeno
337. *piti comida (coisa de comer)
338. *poʔi- fezes
339. *poa esp. de tubérculo (inhame?)
340. *poi irmã ou irmão do sexo oposto
341. *poko intestino, barriga
342. *pono veia
343. *popo esp. de coruja
344. *posɨ[n] esp. de preguiça
345. *poʂko tornozelo
346. *pota- jogar, abandonar
347. *poto poeira
348. *poyam braço
349. *ɽaʔma agora
350. *ɽaʔo remédio, medicina tradicional
351. *ɽaʔtɨ- ter medo, assustar-se
352. *ɽaβɨt dois
353. *ɽaβi[n]- envergonhar-se, ter vergonha
354. *ɽãβoʂo[ko] rótula, joelho
355. *ɽakwɨ- temer
356. *ɽaka- deitar-se
357. *ɽako- cobrir, envolver
358. *ɽani pelo do corpo
359. *ɽa[n]toko- joelho
360. *ɽɨʔtɨ- matar
361. *ɽɨβo ponta, cabeceira do rio
362. *ɽɨβo+ki para frente, para cima (no rio)
363. *ɽɨ+kini buraco do nariz, narina
364. *ɽɨnɨ- moer
365. *ɽɨpaC septo nasal
366. *ɽɨɽ- tombar
367. *ɽɨwɨ instrumento musical
368. *-ɽiʔβi ~ *ɽiʔβa igual, do mesmo jeito, também
369. *ɽiɽo esp. de macaco
370. *ɽisiβitʃi fio, corda
371. *ɽisis linha
372. *ɽoʔo guariba (esp. de macaco)
373. *ɽoɨ machado
374. *ɽomɨ tabaco
375. *ɽoro cobra
376. *sama- fazer dieta, jejum
377. *sa[n]á[n]- levantar, suspender
378. *sa[n]i[n] esp. de peixe
379. *sani[n] esp. de peixe
380. *sawɨCc- vestir roupa
381. *si[n]a bravo
382. *sisi quati
383. *ʃaɽa bom, bonito
384. *ʃik peito (prefixo parte do corpo)
385. *ʃiko[n] esp. de planta
386. *ʃi[n]a esp. de aranha
387. *sina[n]- pensar
388. *ʃiro esp. de macaco
389. *ʃio pium (esp. de mosca)
390. *sipi macaco sagui
391. *ʂaʔβak claridade
392. *ʂaʔɨ tamanduá
393. *ʂaʔtɨ- cortar
394. *ʂaβa- bocejar
395. *ʂakaCc casca de árvore, pele
396. *ʂa[n]a quente
397. *ʂa[n]o cunhada, esposa, prima cruzada
398. *ʂao osso
399. *ʂapo algodão
400. *ʂaʂo pilão, pedra
401. *ʂata[n] esp. de cabaça
402. *ʂawar esp. de arara
403. *ʂawɨ jabuti
404. *ʂawi cana de açúcar (?)
405. *ʂɨʔa- beber, tragar
406. *ʂɨʔmɨ- debulhar o milho
407. *ʂɨβo[n] esp. de palmeira (urucuri)
408. *ʂɨkɨCc esp. de lagartixa
409. *ʂɨki milho
410. *ʂɨ[n]a esp. de lagarta
411. *ʂɨ[n]a[n] esp. de árvore
412. *ʂɨ[n]i gordura, óleo
413. *ʂɨ[n]i velho
414. *ʂɨta dente, bico (de ave)
415. *ʂɨtɨ urubu
416. *ʂɨtɨ- cheirar
417. *ʂɨwa- teto (feito de palha)
418. *-ʂo[n] benefactivo
419. *-ʂon sufixo de concordancia transitiva
420. *ʂoʔi- assar
421. *ʂoʔomoʂ agulha
422. *ʂoa- coçar, coceira
423. *ʂoaC- gordo
424. *ʂoβo casa
425. *ʂoka- descascar
426. *ʂokɨ esp. de tucano grande
427. *ʂoko pequeno
428. *ʂokoC- pelar-se, mudar de pele
429. *ʂoma seios, leite
430. *ʂoo verde, não maduro
431. *ʂopa[n] mamão
432. *ʂopoCc plumas
433. *ʂotsi peito
434. *ʂõtako menina, moça
435. *ʂoya rato
436. *taʔɨ
437. *taʔpas tapiri, casa temporária
438. *takwa fígado
439. *tama amendoim
440. *tamβo bochecha
441. *tara-
442. *taoaCc esp. de palmeira (paxiúba)
443. *tapo ponte, plataforma
444. *tapon raiz
445. *taɽa pau velho, pau podre
446. *taɽá[n]- rodar
447. *taɽi roupa
448. *tasa tipo de cesto
449. *taʃi sal
450. *taʂa pauzada (amontoado de tronco que desce no rio)
451. *tawa taboca utilizada para fazer flechas
452. *tɨʔk[ɨ]- quebrar
453. *tɨpi zarabatana
454. *tɨʂka[n] broto
455. *tɨʂo pescoço
456. *tɨtɨC esp. de gavião
457. *tɨto[n] pomo de adão
458. *-ti nominalizador de instrumento
459. *tima- bater, golpear
460. *to... espingarda
461. *toʔati coador
462. *to[ʔo]- engravidar, dar a luz
463. *toa esp. de rã ou sapo
464. *to[n]a[n] azul escuro
465. *toʂpi verruga
466. *-wa fazer
467. *wai roça, roçado
468. *waka água, rio
469. *wamɨ esp. de peixe
470. *wani[m] pupunha
471. *waɽa[m] esp. de abóbora
472. *wasa esp. de macaco
473. *was varrer, ciscar
474. *wasi erva
475. *was[n]o[n] teia de aranha
476. *waʂmɨ[n] algodão
477. *-wɨ sufixo verbal imperativo
478. *wɨa igarapé (?)
479. *wɨts[a] outro
480. *wɨsti um (numeral)
481. *wiʔtaʂɨ canela, parte inferior da perna
482. *wia cheiro
483. *wi[n]a- remar
483. *winati remo
484. *wi[n]- chorar
485. *wino borduna, bastão
486. *wi[n]o- passar
487. *wipoko pantorrilha
488. *wiso negro
489. *wis... estrela
490. *-ya com, em posse de
491. *yaʔra[n] esp. de carrapato
492. *yakat- cidade, assentamento
493. *[-ya]ma sufixo negativo
494. *yamɨ[t] escuro, noite
495. *yami machado
496. *yapa peixe
497. *yãtan tarde
498. *yawa esp. de queixada (porco do mato)
499. *yawis esp. de tatu
500. *yoʔi- dizer, falar
501. *yoʔi[n]a animal
502. *yoʔo calor, quente
502a. *yo[n]a- ter febre, esquentar-se
503. *yoβɨ[ka] feiticeiro
504. *yotʃi esp. de pimenta
505. *yoka- perguntar
506. *yoma esp. de peixe
507. *yoma[n] fio, linha, corda
508. *yomɨtso- roubar
509. *yoɽa gente, corpo humano
510. *yo[o]si crescer
511. *yosi[n] espírito
512. *yoʂa mulher, velha

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Oliveira, S. C. Soares de (2014). Contribuições para a Reconstrução do Protopáno. PhD dissertation, Universidade de Brasília. Accessed from DiACL, 9 February 2020.
  2. ^ Oliveira, Sanderson Castro Soares de (2014). Contribuições para a reconstrução do Protopáno. Brasília: Universidade de Brasília. (Tese de Doutorado).
Vocabulary lists of Amerindian languages
North America

Amerindian • p-Amerind • p-Eskimo • p-Na-Dene • p-Athabaskan • p-Algonquian • Beothuk • p-Iroquoian • p-Siouan • Caddoan • Yuchi • Kutenai • Chinook • p-Sahaptian • p-Takelman • p-Kalapuyan • Alsea • p-Wintun • Klamath • Molala • Cayuse • Coos • Lower Umpqua • p-Utian • p-Yokuts • p-Maidun • p-Salishan • p-Wakashan • p-Chimakuan • p-Hokan • p-Palaihnihan • Chimariko • Shasta • Yana • p-Pomo • Esselen • Salinan • p-Chumash • Waikuri • p-Yuman • p-Yukian • Washo • p-Kiowa-Tanoan • p-Keresan • Coahuilteco • Comecrudo • Cotoname • Karankawa • Tonkawa • Maratino • Quinigua • Naolan • p-Muskogean • Natchez (Swadesh) • Atakapa • Adai • Timucua

Central America

p-Oto-Manguean • p-Oto-Pamean • p-Central Otomian • p-Otomi • p-Popolocan (p-Mazatec) • p-Chinantec • p-Mixtec • p-Zapotec • p-Uto-Aztecan • p-Aztecan • Purépecha (Swadesh) • Cuitlatec • p-Totozoquean • p-Totonacan • p-Mixe-Zoquean • Highland Chontal • Huamelultec • Tequistlatec • p-Huave • p-Mayan (Swadesh) • Xinca • p-Jicaque • p-Lencan • Lenca • p-Misumalpan

South America

p-Cariban • p-Taranoan • p-Chibchan • p-Barbacoan • Páez • p-Pano-Takanan • p-Panoan • p-Makú • Hupda • p-Tukanoan • p-Arawan • Harákmbut–Katukinan • p-Cahuapanan • p-Choco • p-Guahiban • p-Shuar • Candoshi • p-Shuar-Candoshi • Achuar • p-Nambikwaran • Tinigua • Timote • p-Lule-Vilela • Vilela • Chamacoco • Allentiac • Chaná • Arutani-Sape • p-Bora-Muinane • Bora • p-Witotoan • Witoto • p-Macro-Daha • Sáliba • Piaroa • Ticuna • Yuri • Caraballo • Andoque • p-Mataguayo • p-Guaicurú • Guachí • Payagua • Mura • Pirahã • Matanawi • Quechumaran • Quechuan • p-Zaparoan • p-Peba-Yagua • Iquito • p-Chapacuran • Andaqui • Guamo • Betoi • Kamsá • Otomacoan • Jirajaran • Hibito-Cholon • Cholón • Sechura-Catacao • Sechura • Culli • Mochica • Esmeralda • Taushiro • Urarina • Aiwa • Canichana • Guató • Irantxe • Aikanã • Kanoé (Swadesh) • Kwaza • Mato Grosso Arára • Munichi • Omurano • Puinave • Leco • Puquina • Ramanos • Warao • Yaruro • Yuracaré • Yurumangui

South America (NE Brazil)

Katembri • Taruma • Yatê • Xukurú • Natú • Pankararú • Tuxá • Atikum • Kambiwá • Xokó • Baenan • Kaimbé • Tarairiú • Gamela

South America (Arawakan)

p-Arawakan • p-Japurá-Colombia • p-Lokono-Guajiro • Wayuu • p-Mamoré-Guaporé • p-Bolivia • p-Mojeño • p-Purus

South America (Macro-Jê)

p-Macro-Jê • Rikbaktsa • p-Jê • Jeikó • p-Jabuti • p-Kamakã • Kamakã • Maxakali • Chiquitano • Dzubukua • Oti • p-Puri • p-Bororo

South America (Tupian)

p-Tupian • Puruborá • Karo • p-Tupari • p-Maweti-Guarani • p-Tupi-Guarani • Guaraní