什麼
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Chinese
[edit]| tenth (used in fractions) | dimi. | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (什麼/甚麼/什麽/甚麽) | 什/甚 | 麼/麽 | |
| simp. (什么) | 什 | 么 | |
| alternative forms | |||
Etymology
[edit]Corruption of medieval 是物 (MC dzyeX mjut, “why”) (Yuan et al., 1996: 318–324) or 什物 (MC dzyip mjut, “miscellaneous items”) (Norman, 1988; Zhang, 1982), perhaps influenced by 何物 (OC *ɡaːl mɯd, “what”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˊ ˙ㄇㄜ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shénme̊
- Wade–Giles: shên2-mê5
- Yale: shén-me
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shern.me
- Palladius: шэньмэ (šɛnʹmɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂən³⁵ mə³/
- (Standard Chinese, common variant)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄜˊ ˙ㄇㄜ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shéme̊
- Wade–Giles: shê2-mê5
- Yale: shé-me
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sher.me
- Palladius: шэмэ (šɛmɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂɤ³⁵ mə³/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄜㄇˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shém
- Wade–Giles: shêm2
- Yale: shém
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shem2
- Palladius: шэм (šɛm)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂəm³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˇ ˙ㄇㄜ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shěnme̊
- Wade–Giles: shên3-mê5
- Yale: shěn-me
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheen.me
- Palladius: шэньмэ (šɛnʹmɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂən²¹⁴ mə⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄜˇ ˙ㄇㄜ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shěme̊
- Wade–Giles: shê3-mê5
- Yale: shě-me
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shee.me
- Palladius: шэмэ (šɛmɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂɤ²¹⁴ mə⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
Note: Many other variant pronunciations exist.
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: sam6 mo1
- Yale: sahm mō
- Cantonese Pinyin: sam6 mo1
- Guangdong Romanization: sem6 mo1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐm²² mɔː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
Note:
- sim6 moh4 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
- se6 moh4 - Jieyang.
Pronoun
[edit]什麼
- (interrogative) what
- something
- anything; whatever
- (used to express surprise or anger) what
- (used before an enumeration) thing like; such as; and so on; and what not
- (used to express disapproval, disagreement)
Synonyms
[edit]Dialectal synonyms of 什麼 (“what”) [map]
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- ⇒ Translingual: Yiminaspis shenme
Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 什 | 麼 |
| いん Hyōgai |
も Hyōgai |
| irregular | tōon |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 恁麼 |
From spoken Middle Chinese 恁麼／恁么 (nyimX muɑ, “what?”, archaic).[1] The spelling shifted to include the Chinese synonym 什麼／什么 (modern Mandarin reading of shénme), while keeping the inmo reading for 恁麼／恁么 (rènme), instead of the expected reading for 什麼.
Imported into Japanese by Zen monks who had studied in China.[1] Generally restricted to use by Zen practitioners.[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]- (rare) what
- 1906, 夏目漱石 (Natsume Sōseki), 吾輩は猫である (Wagahai wa neko de aru)[1], 青空文庫 (Aozora Bunko):
Usage notes
[edit]Generally followed by the possessive particle の (no) and used as an adnominal, with a meaning of what kind of.
Etymology 2
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 什 | 麼 |
| どんな | |
| Hyōgai | Hyōgai |
| jukujikun | |
Orthographic borrowing from Mandarin 什麼／什么 (“what”).
Definitions
[edit]| For pronunciation and definitions of 什麼 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 什麼, is an alternative spelling (literary, obsolete) of the above term.) |
Adjective
[edit]- (rare) what
- 1931, 大庭武年 (Ōba Taketoshi), 旅客機事件 (ryokakuki jiken)[2], 青空文庫 (Aozora Bunko):
- 若し僕にアリバイが出来なかったとしたら、僕等は什麼恐ろしい結果になっていたか知れない
- moshi boku ni aribai gadekinakattatoshitara, bokura wa donna osoroshī kekka ni natte ita ka shirenai
- If I hadn't had an alibi, who knows what kind of terrible outcome would have awaited us?
- 若し僕にアリバイが出来なかったとしたら、僕等は什麼恐ろしい結果になっていたか知れない
References
[edit]Categories:
- Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation
- Cantonese terms with audio pronunciation
- Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Chinese pronouns
- Mandarin pronouns
- Cantonese pronouns
- Hokkien pronouns
- Teochew pronouns
- Wu pronouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 什
- Chinese terms spelled with 麼
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Beginning Mandarin
- Japanese terms spelled with 什
- Japanese terms spelled with 麼 read as も
- Japanese terms read with irregular kanji readings
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese pronouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with hyōgai kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese terms with rare senses
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms spelled with 麼
- Japanese terms read with jukujikun
- Japanese terms borrowed from Mandarin
- Japanese orthographic borrowings from Mandarin
- Japanese terms derived from Mandarin
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese literary terms
- Japanese terms with obsolete senses