每
|
Translingual
[edit]Japanese | 毎 |
---|---|
Simplified | 每 |
Traditional | 每 |
Han character
[edit]每 (Kangxi radical 80, 毋+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人田卜戈 (OWYI), four-corner 80507, composition ⿱𠂉母)
Derived characters
[edit]- 𠳨, 㙁, 娒, 挴, 𤞦, 晦, 脢, 烸, 𤙩, 珻, 畮, 䀲, 𬑲, 𬒐, 䊈, 䋦(𫄩), 𧋟, 誨(诲), 踇, 酶, 鋂, 䩈, 𩊱, 䱕, 黣, 𠜮, 勄, 𠧩, 䋣, 毓, 緐, 莓, 䍙, 痗, 𫂂, 霉, 𫵾, 𢙽, 𣒫
- 侮, 悔, 海, 梅, 敏 (Note: For all regions except Japan. Japan character form contains 毎 as component for these characters)
Related characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 589, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16725
- Dae Jaweon: page 981, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2381, character 2
- Unihan data for U+6BCF
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
每 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 𣫭 𡴕 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 每 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
脢 | *mɯːs, *mɯː, *mɯːs |
挴 | *mlɯːʔ, *mɯːʔ |
海 | *hmlɯːʔ |
毐 | *ʔmɯː, *ʔmɯːʔ |
呣 | *mɯ |
拇 | *mɯʔ |
母 | *mɯʔ |
胟 | *mɯʔ |
姆 | *mɯʔ, *mɯs, *maːʔ |
畮 | *mɯʔ |
踇 | *mɯʔ |
苺 | *mɯs, *mɯːʔ, *mɯːs |
莓 | *mɯs, *mɯː, *mɯːs |
敏 | *mrɯʔ, *mrɯŋʔ |
鰵 | *mrɯŋʔ |
慜 | *mrɯŋʔ |
毋 | *ma |
梅 | *mɯː |
酶 | *mɯː |
鋂 | *mɯː |
每 | *mɯːʔ |
毎 | *mɯːs |
痗 | *mɯːs, *hmɯːs |
晦 | *hmɯːs |
誨 | *hmɯːs |
悔 | *hmɯːʔ, *hmɯːs |
霉 | *mrɯl |
Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *mɯːʔ) : semantic 屮 + phonetic 母 (OC *mɯʔ). Perhaps, in this character, the top component represents a hairpin (笄) made of bamboo to indicate that the woman was at least 15 years old.
Otherwise, partly in accordance to the interpretation of Xu Shen, the sprout indicates that the woman was considered adult and ready to be married and generate sons.
See the original form of 敖, in which the top component is the same.
The top component of the character is unrelated to 旅, 伤, 复, 乞 as well as 人.
Etymology
[edit]Possibly from Proto-Mon-Khmer *muuj (“cardinal number one”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): mui5
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): muōi
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bue3
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6me; 5me
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄟˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: měi
- Wade–Giles: mei3
- Yale: měi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meei
- Palladius: мэй (mɛj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /meɪ̯²¹⁴/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: мый (mɨy, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mei⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: mui5
- Yale: múih
- Cantonese Pinyin: mui5
- Guangdong Romanization: mui5
- Sinological IPA (key): /muːi̯¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mî
- Hakka Romanization System: miˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: mi1
- Sinological IPA: /mi²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: muiˋ
- Sinological IPA: /mui⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: muōi
- Sinological IPA (key): /mui³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: bue3
- Sinological IPA (key): /puei⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: bue3
- Sinological IPA (key): /puei³³²/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: mwojX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤəʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*mɯːʔ/
Definitions
[edit]每
- † lush
- 原田每每,舍其舊而新是謀。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
- Yuántián měiměi, shě qí jiù ér xīn shì móu. [Pinyin]
- Lush are the fields! The old are about to be discarded; the new are being planned (or "making a plan"). (Ominous song heard before the Battle of Chengpu, precise meaning debated.)
原田每每,舍其旧而新是谋。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- every; each
- every time; each time
- often; frequently
- 1900 July 24, 梁啟超 [Liang Qichao], chapter 31, in 和文漢讀法 [The Chinese Method of Reading Japanese][1], Tokyo: 秀英舍, page 18:
- † Alternative form of 們/们 (plural marker)
- † flourishingly
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]- (every): 各 (gè)
Compounds
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Others:
- → Vietnamese: mọi
References
[edit]- “每”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “Entry #3276”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
[edit]毎 | |
每 |
Kanji
[edit](Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 毎)
Readings
[edit]Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 每 (MC mwojX).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᄆᆡᆼ〯 (Yale: mǒy) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] | 니ᅀᅳᆯ〮 (Yale: nìzúl) | ᄆᆡ〯 (Yale: mǒy) |
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mɛ(ː)] ~ [me̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [매(ː)/메(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [4]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]每: Hán Nôm readings: mỗi, mọi, mủi
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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