何如

Chinese

	carry; what; how carry; what; how; why; which	as (if); such as
trad. (何如)	何	如
simp. ^#(何如)	何	如
anagram	如何

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hérú

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˊ ㄖㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ho⁴ jyu⁴
Northern Min (KCR): ǒ̤-ṳ̌
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hor² zy²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hô-jû
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶wu-zy

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hérú
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ ㄖㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hérú
  - Wade–Giles: ho²-ju²
  - Yale: hé-rú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: herru
  - Palladius: хэжу (xɛžu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɤ³⁵ ʐu³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ho⁴ jyu⁴
  - Yale: hòh yùh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ho⁴ jy⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ho⁴ yu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔː²¹ jyː²¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǒ̤-ṳ̌
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔ²¹ y²¹/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hor² zy² [Phonetic: hor⁵ zy²]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒ¹³⁻²¹ t͡sy¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô-jû
  - Tâi-lô: hô-jû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoijuu
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɤ²³⁻³³ zu²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ho²⁴⁻¹¹ d͡zu²⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶wu-zy
  - MiniDict: wu^去 zy
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhu-zr
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦu²² zz̩⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: ha nyo

Rime
Character	何	如
Reading #	1/2	1/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	胡歌切	人諸切
Baxter	ha	nyo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑ/	/ȵɨʌ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑ/	/ȵiɔ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑ/	/ȵʑiɔ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦa/	/ȵɨə̆/
Li Rong	/ɣɑ/	/ȵiɔ/
Wang Li	/ɣɑ/	/ȵʑĭo/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɑ/	/ȵʑi̯wo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hé	rú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ho⁴	jyu⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤaj na/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːl nja/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	何	如
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hé	rú
Middle Chinese	‹ ha ›	‹ nyo ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁaj/	/*na/
English	what	as, like, if
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	何	如
Reading #	1/2	1/2
No.	7458	9623
Phonetic component	可	女
Rime group	歌	魚
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	何	如
Old Chinese	/*ɡaːl/	/*nja/

Adverb

何如

(archaic or Northern Min) how; what; in what way

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 怎樣 (“how”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		如何, 何以, 若何
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		如何, 怎樣
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	怎麼樣兒, 怎樣兒
	Taiwan	怎麼樣, 怎樣, 如何
	Malaysia	怎麼樣, 怎樣, 如何
	Singapore	怎麼樣, 怎樣, 如何
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	怎麼樣
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	咋樣兒
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	咋個樣, 咋個樣子, 啷個樣, 啷個樣子
	Wuhan	麼樣, 麼樣子, ��樣, 哪樣子
	Guilin	啷子樣
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	怎們樣, 哪一個樣, 哪一個樣子
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	怎樣
Cantonese	Guangzhou	點樣, 點
	Hong Kong	點樣, 點
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	點樣
	Macau	點樣, 點
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	點
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	點樣, 點樣做
	Foshan	點
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	點
	Foshan (Shunde)	點, 點樣
	Foshan (Sanshui)	點
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	點
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	點子
	Zhongshan (Huancheng)	點子
	Zhongshan (Nanlang)	點子
	Zhongshan (Xiaolan)	點
	Zhongshan (Dongsheng, Xiaolan)	點, 點樣
	Zhongshan (Tanbei, Xiaolan)	點, 點樣
	Zhongshan (Henglan)	點, 點樣
	Zhongshan (Dongfeng)	點, 點樣
	Zhongshan (Nantou)	點, 點樣
	Zhongshan (Fusha)	點, 點樣
	Zhongshan (Shalang)	點, 點樣
	Zhongshan (Gangkou)	點, 點樣
	Zhongshan (Huangpu)	點, 點樣
	Zhongshan (Langwang, Minzhong)	點, 點樣
	Zhongshan (Minzhong)	點, 點樣
	Zhongshan (Banfu)	點, 點樣
	Zhongshan (Tanzhou)	點, 點樣
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	點樣
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	點
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	點
	Taishan	幾何
	Singapore (Guangfu)	點樣, 點
Gan	Nanchang	啷樣, 啷
Hakka	Meixian	仰般, 仰仔
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	仰般, 仰仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	仰仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	仰般
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	仰脣, 仰
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	仰般, 仰般形
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	仰子
Jin	Taiyuan	咋, 咋底
Northern Min	Jian'ou	何如, 何如事
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	將樣, 蔣樣, 蔣其
Southern Min	Xiamen	按怎, 怎樣, 啥款
	Quanzhou	障仔, 怎樣, 按怎, 啥款
	Zhangzhou	按怎, 怎樣, 啥款
	Tainan	按怎, 怎仔樣, 怎樣仔, 啥款
	Penang (Hokkien)	按怎
	Singapore (Hokkien)	按怎
	Manila (Hokkien)	障仔, 怎樣
	Chaozhou	在生樣, 乜生樣, 做呢
	Shantou	在生
	Jieyang	在生, 在生樣
	Haifeng	做呢, 做呢樣
	Singapore (Teochew)	做呢, 在生
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	哪, 哪樣
Wu	Shanghai	哪能, 哪能介, 哪能樣子
	Suzhou	捺亨
	Wenzhou	訾那, 訾那能
Xiang	Changsha	何是, 何裡
Xiang	Shuangfeng	麼家

Conjunction

何如

(archaic) it would be better to; might as well; let's

Synonyms

不如 (bùrú)
(literary) 莫若 (mòruò)
(literary) 莫如 (mòrú)

References

小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “何如”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎^[1] (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC
莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “何如”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 272.

何如

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Pronunciation

Adverb

Synonyms

Conjunction

Synonyms

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何如

Chinese

Pronunciation

Adverb

Synonyms

Conjunction

Synonyms

References

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