Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/ʒuga

This Proto-Tungusic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tungusic

Etymology

From *ʒu- +‎ *-ga. Some of descendants, point on the derived form *ʒuganī.

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *jun (“summer”) (Whence Mongolian зун (zun)).

Noun

*ʒuga

summer

Declension

Declension of *ʒuga

	Singular
Nominative	*ʒuga
Accusative	*ʒugaba
Genitive	*ʒugaŋī
Dative	*ʒugadua
Locative	*ʒugala
Ablative	*ʒugadiki
Prolative	*ʒugali
Elative	*ʒugagiʒi
Instrumental	*ʒugaʒi
Delative	*ʒugalāki
Directive	*ʒugatiki
Comitative	*ʒugagili

Adverb

*ʒuga

in summer

Descendants

Jurchenic:
- Jurchen: dʒua, 荘里 (juwari /⁠zhuang-li⁠/)
  - Manchu: ᠵᡠᠸᠠᡵᡳ (juwari)
Tungusic:
- North Tungusic:
  - Even: дьугани (ʒugaņi)
  - Evenki: дюгани (ʒugaņi)
  - Negidal: ӡоа (ʒoa)
  - Oroqen: dʒua
  - Solon: ǯụga
- South Tungusic:
  - Central:
    - Oroch: дюва (žuwa)
    - Udihe: ӡуа (žua)
  - South-Eastern:
    - Nanai: дёа (žoa)
    - Orok: ду́ва (žúwa), ӡу́ва (žúwa)
    - Ulch: дюва (žụwa), дюу̇а (žụa)

References

Benzing, Johannes (1955) Die tungusischen Sprachen. Versuch einer vergleichenden Grammatik (Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse; 11) (in German), Wiesbaden: Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz in Kommission bei Franz Steiner Verlag, page 95
Cincius, V. I. (1975) Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Leningrad: Nauka, page 268
Kane, Daniel (1989) The Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters (Uralic and Altaic Series; vol. 153), Bloomington, Indiana: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, →ISBN, page 187.