-tek
Hungarian
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editSuffix
edit-tek
- (personal suffix) Forms the second-person plural present tense of verbs (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation; exceptionally also in the unmarked subjunctive/imperative form gyertek).
- (possessive suffix) your (second-person plural informal, single possession)
- reggeli (“breakfast”) + -tek → reggelitek (“your breakfast”)
- zene (“music”) + -tek → zenétek (“your music”)
Usage notes
edit Present tense indefinite – personal suffixes
| Person | Back vowel |
Front vowel | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | |||
| én | 1st person singular | -ok | -ek | -ök |
| -ik verbs (optional) | -om | -em | -öm | |
| te | 2nd person singular | -sz | ||
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -asz | -esz | ||
| after s, sz, z, dz | -ol | -el | -öl | |
| ő maga ön |
3rd person singular | – | ||
| -ik verbs | -ik | |||
| mi | 1st person plural | -unk | -ünk | |
| ti | 2nd person plural | -tok | -tek | -tök |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -otok | -etek | -ötök | |
| ők maguk önök |
3rd person plural | -nak | -nek | |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -anak | -enek | ||
| See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. | ||||
- (personal suffix) Variants:
- -tok is added to back-vowel verbs
- -tek is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs
- -tök is added to rounded front-vowel verbs
- -otok is added to back-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
- -etek is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
- -ötök is added to rounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
- (possessive suffix) Variants:
- -tok is added to back-vowel words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-.
- -tek is added to unrounded front-vowel words ending in a vowel. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -tök is added to rounded front-vowel words ending in a vowel
- -otok is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -atok is added to other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -etek is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -ötök is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
Etymology 2
editFrom -t (past-tense suffix) + -ek (plural suffix).
Alternative forms
editSuffix
edit-tek
- (past-tense suffix) Forms the third-person plural past tense of verbs (indefinite conjugation).
Usage notes
edit- (past-tense suffix) Variants:
- -tak is added to most back-vowel verbs
- -tek is added to most front-vowel verbs
- -ttak is added to back-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (hí, rí, szí; ó, ró; fú)
- -ttek is added to front-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (lő, nő, sző; nyű)
- -ottak is added to back-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (fut, nyit, except lát)
- -ettek is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (vet)
- -öttek is added to rounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (köt, süt, üt)
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ A mult időben ezzel szemben puszta ‑k a rag: (ők) várta-k, kérte-k. Régibb nyelvünkben ennek is igen gyakran ‑nak, ‑nek volt a ragja, pl. várta-nak, kérte-nek, de SZINNYEI (Hunf. Alb. 42 ) bebizonyította, hogy a kétféle mult idejű alak közül a -k ragos az eredetibb, s hogy а ‑nak, ‑nek ragos csak analógia eredménye: a vár : várnak-féle irányító sorok hatása alatt várt mellé is keletkezett többes vártanak alak. Ez az analógiás eredelű vártanak, kértenek alak azonban nem tudott véglegesen győzedelmeskedni; a köznyelvből lassanként ismét kiveszett, s ma már csak itt-ott a nyelvjárásokban van meg. In: Antal Horger (Q1055098). A magyar igeragozás története (’The History of Hungarian Conjugation’), Szeged: 1931, page 32.