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Rajmala

Rajmala is a chronicle of the Kings of Tripura, written in Bengali verse in the 15th century under Dharma Manikya I.[1]

Kingdom of Tripura
Part of History of Tripura
Maha Manikyac. 1400–1431
Dharma Manikya I1431–1462
Ratna Manikya I1462–1487
Pratap Manikya1487
Vijaya Manikya I1488
Mukut Manikya1489
Dhanya Manikya1490–1515
Dhwaja Manikya1515–1520
Deva Manikya1520–1530
Indra Manikya I1530–1532
Vijaya Manikya II1532–1563
Ananta Manikya1563–1567
Udai Manikya I1567–1573
Joy Manikya I1573–1577
Amar Manikya1577–1585
Rajdhar Manikya I1586–1600
Ishwar Manikya1600
Yashodhar Manikya1600–1623
Interregnum1623–1626
Kalyan Manikya1626–1660
Govinda Manikya1660–1661
Chhatra Manikya1661–1667
Govinda Manikya1661–1673
Rama Manikya1673–1685
Ratna Manikya II1685–1693
Narendra Manikya1693–1695
Ratna Manikya II1695–1712
Mahendra Manikya1712–1714
Dharma Manikya II1714–1725
Jagat Manikya1725–1729
Dharma Manikya II1729
Mukunda Manikya1729–1739
Joy Manikya IIc. 1739–1744
Indra Manikya IIc. 1744–1746
Udai Manikya IIc. 1744
Joy Manikya II1746
Vijaya Manikya III1746–1748
Lakshman Manikya1740s/1750s
Interregnum1750s–1760
Krishna Manikya1760–1783
Rajdhar Manikya II1785–1806
Rama Ganga Manikya1806–1809
Durga Manikya1809–1813
Rama Ganga Manikya1813–1826
Kashi Chandra Manikya1826–1829
Krishna Kishore Manikya1829–1849
Ishan Chandra Manikya1849–1862
Bir Chandra Manikya1862–1896
Birendra Kishore Manikya1909–1923
Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya1923–1947
Kirit Bikram Kishore Manikya1947–1949
1949–1978 (titular)
Kirit Pradyot Manikya1978–present (titular)
Tripura monarchy data
Manikya dynasty (Royal family)
Agartala (Capital of the kingdom)
Ujjayanta Palace (Royal residence)
Pushbanta Palace (Royal residence)
Neermahal (Royal residence)
Rajmala (Royal chronicle)
Tripura Buranji (Chronicle)
Chaturdasa Devata (Family deities)

Overview

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The Rajmala[2] chronicles the history of the Manikya kings of Tripura. While it serves as an invaluable source of information for the region, its historical accuracy in some aspects has been doubted.[3][4]

The text is split up into six parts, written over the course of several centuries under the patronage of different Tripura monarchs. It was initially commissioned by Dharma Manikya I in 1458,[5] who bestowed the task upon the royal priest Durlabhendra and two Brahman pandits, Sukheshwar and Baneshwar. Their work formed the first part of the text and covered the traditional period of Tripura's history and incorporated various mythological accounts. Subsequent portions were composed during the 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th centuries under Amar Manikya, Govinda Manikya, Krishna Manikya and Kashi Chandra Manikya respectively. The entire revised text was finally compiled by Durgamoni Uzir during the reign of Krishna Kishore Manikya in the mid-19th-century.[6][7]

Royal genealogy

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The Rajmala presents a list of 149 kings of Twipra as of 1431. The first king of the chronicle is Chandra, the Moon himself; the seventh is Druhyu, one of the sons of Yayati, a Lunar dynasty in mythology. The 46th king is called Tripur (Tripura) as a kind of mythological eponymous ancestor of the Sanskritic name of the kingdom. The list of historical kings begins with the 145th king, Ratna Fa (fl. 1280). He was the first to assume the title Manikya and as such can be considered the founder of the Manikya Dynasty.

Mythological or legendary kings

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Sl. No. Name of King Sl. No. Name of King
1. Chandra 26. Basuman
2. Budh 27. Keerti
3. Pururoba - I 28. Kaniyan
4. Ayu 29. Pratishraba
5. Nahusha 30. Pratishtho
6. Yayati 31. Shakrajit (Shatrujit)
7. Druhyu 32. Pratirddan
8. Babhru 33. Pramath
9. Setu 34. Kalinda
10. Anarta 35. Kromo (Krath)
11. Gandhar 36. Mitrari
12. Dharmma (Gharma) 37. Baribarha
13. Dhrita (Ghrita) 38. Karmuk
14. Durmad 39. Kalang (Kalinga)
15. Pracheta 40. Bhishan
16. Parachi(Shata Dharma) 41. Bhanumitra
17. Parabasu 42. Chitrasen (Agha Chitrasen)
18. Parishad 43. Chitrarath
19. Arijit 44. Chitrayudh
20. Sujit 45. Daitya
21. Pururoba - II 46. Tripur Sura
22. Bibarn 47. Subrai (Trilochan)
23. Puru Sen 48. Dakshin
24. Megh Barna 49. Twidakshin
25. Bikarna 50. Sudakshin
Sl. No. Name of King Sl. No. Name of King
51. Tardakshin 76. Muchung Fa (Harihar)
52. Dharmataru (Dharmatar) 77. Maichung Fa (Chandrashekhar)
53. Dharmapal 78. Chandraraj (Tabhuraj or Tarurai)
54. Sadharma (Sudharma) 79. Tarfanai (Tripaly)
55. Tarbong 80. Sumanta
56. Debang 81. Roopabanat (Shretha)
57. Narangita 82. Tarham (Tarhom)
58. Dharmangad 83. Kha Ham (Hariraj)
59. Rukmangad 84. Kotor Fa (Kashiraj)
60. Somangad 85. Kalator Fa (Madhob)
61. Nojugrai (Nogjog) 86. Chandra Fa (Chandraraj)
62. Torjung 87. Gajeshwar
63. Tor Raj (Rajdharma) 88. Beerraj - II
64. Hamraj 89. Nageshwar (Nagpati)
65. Birraj 90. Sikhiraj (Siksharaj)
66. Shriraj 91. Debraj
67. Shriman (Shrimanta) 92. Dhusrang (Durasha or Dhara Ishwar)
68. Lakshmitaru 93. Barkeerti (Birraj or Biraj)
69. Tarlakshmi (Roopban) 94. Sagar Fa
70. Mailakshmi (Lakshmiban) 95. Maloy Chandra
71. Nageshwar 96. Surjyarai (Surjya Narayan)
72. Jogeshwar 97. Achong Fanai (Indra Keerti or Uttang Fani)
73. Ishwar Fa (Neeldhwaj) 98. Beer Singha (Charachar)
74. Rangkhai (Basuraj) 99. Hachung Fa (Achang Fa or Surendra)
75. Dhanraj Fa 100. Bimar
Sl. No. Name of King
101. Kumar
102. Sukumar
103. Twisarao (Beerchandra or Toksarao)
104. Rajyeshwar (Rajeshwar)
105. Nageshwar (Misliraj or Krodheshwar)
106. Twisong Fa (Tejong Fa)
107. Narendra
108. Indrakeerti
109. Biman (Paimaraj)
110. Yashoraj
111. Gandhar
112. Gangaraj (Rajganga)
113. Sukurai (Chitrasen or Chhakru Rai)
114. Pratit
115. Misli (Marichi, Malsi or Marusom)
116. Gagan (Kathuk)
117. Keerjit (Noaraj or Nabrai)
  • 118. Hamtor Fa (Jujaru Fa or Himti or Birraj), see also Twipra Era
  • 119. Jangi Fa (Rajendra or Janak Fa)
  • 120. Partha (Debrai or Debraj)
  • 121. Sebrai
  • 122. Durgur Fa (Dankuru Fa, Harirai, Kirit, Adhidharma Fa)
  • 123. Kharung Fa (Kurung Fa, Ramchandra)
  • 124. Sengfanai (Nrisingha, Singhafani)
  • 125. Lalit Rai
  • 126. Mukunda Fa (Kunda Fa)
  • 127. Kamal Rai
  • 128. Krishnadas
  • 129. Jash Fa (Jashoraj)
  • 130. Muchung Fa (Udwab)
  • 131. Sadhu Rai
  • 132. Pratap Rai
  • 133. Vishnuprasad
  • 134. Baneshwar (Baneeshwar)
  • 135. Beerbahu
  • 136. Samrat
  • 137. Champakeshwar (Champa)
  • 138. Meghraj (Megh)
  • 139. Sengkwchak (Dharmadhar)
  • 140. Sengthum Fa (Kirtidhar, Singhatung Fa)
  • 141. Achong Fa (Rajsurjya, Kunjaham Fa)
  • 142. Khichung Fa (Mohon)
  • 143. Dangar Fa (Harirai)
  • 144. Raja Fa

45. Dharma Manikya 146. Dhwaja Manikya 147. Dev Manikya 148. Indra Manikya 149. Vijay Manikya 150. Ananta Manikya 151. Uday Manikya 152. Jay Manikya 153. Amar Manikya 154. Rajdhar Manikya 155. Jasodhar Manikya 156. Kalyan Manikya 157. Govinda Manikya 158. Chatra Manikya 159. Ramdev Manikya 160. Ratna II 161. Narendra Manikya 162. Mahendra Manikya 163. Dharma II 164. Mukunda Manikya 165. Jay Manikya 166. Indra II 167. Vijay II 168. Krishna Manikya 169. Rajdhar Manikya 170. Ramganga Manikya 171. Durga Manikya 172. Kasicandra Manikya 173. Krishnakisor Manikya 174. Isan Manikya 175. Birchandra Manikya 176. Radhakisor Manikya 177. Birendra Kisor Manikya 178. Bir Bikram Kisor Manikya 179. Kirit Bikram Kisor Manik

Historical kings

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see List of Tripuri Kings for the post-Rajmala kings.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Hill Tippera - History The Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1909, v. 13, p. 118.
  2. ^ Nath, NC (February 2020). Sri Rajmala (PDF). Tribal Research & Cultural Institute Government of Tripura.
  3. ^ Bareh, Hamlet (2001). Encyclopaedia of North-East India: Tripura. Mittal Publications. p. 150. ISBN 978-81-7099-795-5.
  4. ^ Bezbaruah, Ranju; Banerjee, Dipankar (1 January 2008). North-East India: interpreting the sources of its history. Indian Council of Historical Research. p. 154. ISBN 978-81-7305-295-8.
  5. ^ Saigal, Omesh (1978). Tripura. Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. p. 30. GGKEY:21RCWSTGZKJ.
  6. ^ Momin, Mignonette; Mawlong, Cecile A.; Qādrī, Fuz̤ail Aḥmad (2006). Society and Economy in North-East India. Regency Publications. p. 80. ISBN 978-81-89233-40-2.
  7. ^ Roychoudhury, Nalini Ranjan (1983). Tripura Through the Ages: A Short History of Tripura from the Earliest Times to 1947 A.D. Sterling. p. 109.
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