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- Sufism, or Taṣawwuf (Arabic: التَّصَوُّف), variously defined as "Islamic mysticism", or, the inward dimension of Islam, is the primary manifestation of mystical practice in Islam. Jordan is considered by many Sufis to be "a spiritual center and a fertile environment for Sufism," at least in part due to the fact that many of the narratives from the Qur’an take place within its modern borders. Many of the Sufis in Jordan today belong to one of six main orders or tariqa: Qadiri, Naqshbandi, Rifa'i, Shadhili, Khalwati, and Tijani. The oral history of Sufi practice in northern Jordan goes back at least as far as the 13th century, and was "documented as early as the 16th century in Ottoman tax registers." Sufism in modern-day Jordan remained prominent through the mid-20th century. Up until the era of independence, Sufi orders and popular forms of Sufi religiosity dominated the religious scene, with other Islamic movements and groups beginning to emerge only later as branches of other groups already established outside the boundaries of the Hashemite Kingdom. — Sufism and Sufi Orders: God’s Spiritual Paths Adaptation and Renewal in the Context of Modernization, Hassan Abu Hanieh, p.12 (en)
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- Sufism and Sufi Orders: God’s Spiritual Paths Adaptation and Renewal in the Context of Modernization, Hassan Abu Hanieh, p.12 (en)
- Hanieh p.170 (en)
- Our Ancestors Were Bedouin. Memory, Identity and Change: The Case of Holy Sites in Southern Jordan, Miettunen Päivi (en)
- Sufism and Sufi Orders: God’s Spiritual Paths Adaptation and Renewal in the Context of Modernization, Hassan Abu Hanieh, p.11 (en)
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- "More activity has been seen after 1940, among the earliest, the establishment of a meeting place zawya... near Irbid and an increasing number of others, supported by refugees of Palestinian origin." (en)
- After the death of Sheikh ‘Abd Allah al-Daghastani, the affairs of the Naqshbandi Order were passed on to Sheikh Nazim al Haqqani, who, in turn, appointed several sheikhs as representatives of the order in numerous countries. The sheikh that Sheikh Haqqani appointed to manage the affairs of the order in Jordan would be Sheikh ‘Abd al-Salam Tawfiq Ahmad Shamsi (en)
- Up until the era of independence, Sufi orders and popular forms of Sufi religiosity dominated the religious scene, with other Islamic movements and groups beginning to emerge only later as branches of other groups already established outside the boundaries of the Hashemite Kingdom. (en)
- "When the Emirate of Jordan was established in 1921 by Prince Abdullah Bin Hussein , the state continued the process of neutralizing traditional and religious structures and institutions, despite the fact that Prince Abdullah belonged to the lineage of the Prophet Muhammad . Indeed, the prince chose to adopt a liberal, nationalist ideology for the new emirate based on modern and secular principles. Subsequently, the state would focus its efforts on acquiring exclusive jurisdiction over religion, and neutralized traditional religious institutions by establishing the Ministry of Awqaf and Religious Affairs, a formal, state-run fatwa8 institution and the Department of the Supreme Justice. And, despite the fact that Islam was designated as the official religion of the state, it was considered to be only one facet of the collective Jordanian identity and not the central axis of either the national identity or the state. Finally, in line with this strategy, the majority of official religious posts were held by persons who displayed moderate Sufi tendencies of a particularly centrist socio-religious nature." (en)
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- Sufism, or Taṣawwuf (Arabic: التَّصَوُّف), variously defined as "Islamic mysticism", or, the inward dimension of Islam, is the primary manifestation of mystical practice in Islam. Jordan is considered by many Sufis to be "a spiritual center and a fertile environment for Sufism," at least in part due to the fact that many of the narratives from the Qur’an take place within its modern borders. Many of the Sufis in Jordan today belong to one of six main orders or tariqa: Qadiri, Naqshbandi, Rifa'i, Shadhili, Khalwati, and Tijani. The oral history of Sufi practice in northern Jordan goes back at least as far as the 13th century, and was "documented as early as the 16th century in Ottoman tax registers." Sufism in modern-day Jordan remained prominent through the mid-20th century. (en)
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