軟組織

软组织（soft tissue）是体内骨外的非上皮性结缔组织，其未因骨化或钙化过程变硬^[1]^[2]。软组织的定义或概念排除了与其相对的“硬组织”，如骨骼和牙齿，但软组织並不包括软骨组织。

软组织的主要作用是连接、支持、包绕各解剖结构，位于表皮至实质脏器之间，它包括运动器官（肌肉及肌腱）及各种支持组织结构，如：纤维组织、脂肪组织、滑膜组织及脉管组织^[3]。软组织主要由胶��质、弹性蛋白和基质构成，富含水分^[4]。

由于各学者定义的软组织含盖范围略有不同，其可能排除了网状内皮组织、神经胶质组织和周围神经组织^[5]。有些学者将周围神经系统归入软组织概念中，这是因为周围神经肿瘤也表现为软组织肿块，其治疗及鉴别诊断中也与软组织肿瘤相似^[6]。

广义上，软组织承上描述，其范围涵盖：皮肤、皮下脂肪、肌肉、肌腱、腱鞘、韧带、筋膜、滑膜（英语：Synovial membrane）、滑液囊、关节囊、周边神经、纤维组织、淋巴组织、血管组织，及其他结缔组织^[7]。此概念覆盖面过广，且时常误解以及遭到滥用。

狭义上，软组织是仅指：非上皮性的骨外间充质组织，不包括网状内皮系统和神经胶质^[8]，由定义也不含皮肤（属于上皮）。

参考文献

^ H. Sowani, M. Kulkarni, S. Zinjarde, V. Javdekar, Chapter 7 Gordonia and Related Genera as Opportunistic Human Pathogens Causing Infections of Skin, Soft Tissues, and Bones, In Clinical Microbiology: Diagnosis, Treatments and Prophylaxis of Infections, The Microbiology of Skin, Soft Tissue, Bone and Joint Infections, Academic Press, Volume 2, 2017, Pages 105-121, ISSN 24519006, ISBN 9780128110799, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811079-9.00007-0.
^ Ludwig Ombregt, Clinical diagnosis of soft tissue lesions, A System of Orthopaedic Medicine (Third Edition), Churchill Livingstone, 2013, Pages 53-82.e2, ISBN 9780702031458, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7020-3145-8.00004-1.
^ C. Van Der Straeten,The Hip Resurfacing Handbook, Woodhead Publishing, 2013, Pages 242-252, ISBN 9781845699482, https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857096203.2.242.
^ Junqueira, Luiz Carlos Uchôa; Carneiro, José; Gratzl, Manfred. Histologie mit 17 Tabellen ; [neue Approbationsordnung. 2004. ISBN 978-3-540-21965-1.
^ "Soft-tissue." McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. 2002. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 12 Sep. 2024 https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Soft-tissue
^ Justin D. Rodriguez, A. Morgan Selleck, et al. Update on MR Imaging of Soft Tissue Tumors of Head and Neck, Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America, Volume 30, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 151-198, ISSN 1064-9689, ISBN 9780323835664, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mric.2021.06.019.
^ Definition （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） at National Cancer Institute
^ Skinner, Harry B. Current diagnosis & treatment in orthopedics. Stamford, Conn: Lange Medical Books/McGraw Hill. 2006: 346. ISBN 0-07-143833-5.

[1] H. Sowani, M. Kulkarni, S. Zinjarde, V. Javdekar, Chapter 7 Gordonia and Related Genera as Opportunistic Human Pathogens Causing Infections of Skin, Soft Tissues, and Bones, In Clinical Microbiology: Diagnosis, Treatments and Prophylaxis of Infections, The Microbiology of Skin, Soft Tissue, Bone and Joint Infections, Academic Press, Volume 2, 2017, Pages 105-121, ISSN 24519006, ISBN 9780128110799, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811079-9.00007-0.

[2] Ludwig Ombregt, Clinical diagnosis of soft tissue lesions, A System of Orthopaedic Medicine (Third Edition), Churchill Livingstone, 2013, Pages 53-82.e2, ISBN 9780702031458, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7020-3145-8.00004-1.

[3] C. Van Der Straeten,The Hip Resurfacing Handbook, Woodhead Publishing, 2013, Pages 242-252, ISBN 9781845699482, https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857096203.2.242.

[Junqueira-4] Junqueira, Luiz Carlos Uchôa; Carneiro, José; Gratzl, Manfred. Histologie mit 17 Tabellen ; [neue Approbationsordnung. 2004. ISBN 978-3-540-21965-1.

[5] "Soft-tissue." McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. 2002. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 12 Sep. 2024 https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Soft-tissue

[6] Justin D. Rodriguez, A. Morgan Selleck, et al. Update on MR Imaging of Soft Tissue Tumors of Head and Neck, Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America, Volume 30, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 151-198, ISSN 1064-9689, ISBN 9780323835664, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mric.2021.06.019.

[7] Definition （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） at National Cancer Institute

[8] Skinner, Harry B. Current diagnosis & treatment in orthopedics. Stamford, Conn: Lange Medical Books/McGraw Hill. 2006: 346. ISBN 0-07-143833-5.

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