桑葚胚

桑葚胚

囊胚形成：1 - 桑葚胚，2 - 囊胚

一顆受精的哺乳動物卵子處於第一階段卵裂剖面圖式講解：z.p.透明帶，p.gl.極體 a圖.二細胞時期 b圖.四細胞時期 c圖.八細胞時期 d、e圖. 桑葚胚時期
Gray's	subject #6 46
日數	3
前體	合子
發展結果	囊胚，囊胚腔

桑葚胚（拉丁文中的morus指的是桑葚的意思）是屬於胚胎的早期發育，包含囊胚腔外圍的細胞，包覆細胞外層的環帶稱為透明帶^[1]。

桑葚胚是合子胚胎分裂一直到32細胞時期，整個形狀像一顆桑葚，所以被稱為桑葚胚^[2]。在受精數天之後，位於桑葚胚表面的細胞開始緊密接觸，讓細胞與細胞之間進行胞橋小體連結與間隙連接，這個變化是非常細微的，並不易查覺，這個過程稱為緻密化。^[3]^[4]。在此之後桑葚胚的細胞释放黏性液體，造成桑葚胚中央形成孔洞，成為囊胚^[5]^[6]。囊胚的外層細胞會形成最初的胚胎上皮細胞（滋養外胚層）。然而有些細胞會存留在內層，形成內細胞群或是多潛能幹細胞。其中內細胞群細胞會形成胚體，而滋養外胚層則形成胎盤以及其他胚胎組織^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]。

參見

囊胚

參考資料

^ Boklage, Charles E. How New Humans Are Made: Cells and Embryos, Twins and Chimeras, Left and Right, Mind/Self/Soul, Sex, and Schizophrenia. World Scientific. 2009: 217 [2011-07-13]. ISBN 9789812835130. （原始内容存档于2014-01-01）.
^ Sherman, Lawrence S. et al. (编). Human embryology 3rd. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2001: 20 [2011-07-13]. ISBN 9780443065835. （原始内容存档于2020-05-26）.
^ Chard, Tim & Lilford, Richard. Basic sciences for obstetrics and gynaecology. Springer. 1995: 18 [2011-07-13]. ISBN 9783540199038. （原始内容存档于2020-05-26）.
^ Mercader, Amparo et al. Human embryo culture. Lanza, Robert & Klimanskaya, Irina (编). Essential stem cell methods. Academic Press. 2008: 343 [2011-07-13]. ISBN 9780123747419. （原始内容存档于2020-05-26）.
^ Patestas, Maria Antoniou & Gartner, Leslie P. A textbook of neuroanatomy. Wiley-Blackwell. 2006: 11 [2011-07-13]. ISBN 9781405103404. （原始内容存档于2020-05-26）.
^ Geisert, R.D. & Malayer, J.R. Implantation: Blastocyst formation. Hafez, B. & Hafez, Elsayed S.E. (编). Reproduction in farm animals. Wiley-Blackwell. 2000: 118 [2011-07-13]. ISBN 9780683305777. （原始内容存档于2020-05-26）.
^ Morali, Olivier G. et al. Epithelium-Mesenchyme Transitions are Crucial Morphogenetic Events Occurring During Early Development. Savagner, Pierre (编). Rise and fall of epithelial phenotype: concepts of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Springer. 2005: 16 [2011-07-13]. ISBN 9780306482397. （原始内容存档于2013-09-21）.
^ Birchmeier, Carmen; et al. Morphogenesis of epithelial cells. Paul, Leendert C. & Issekutz, Thomas B. (编). Adhesion molecules in health and disease. CRC Press. 1997: 208 [2011-07-13]. ISBN 9780824798246. （原始内容存档于2020-05-26）.
^ Nagy, András. Manipulating the mouse embryo: a laboratory manual. CSHL Press. 2003: 60–61 [2011-07-13]. ISBN 9780879695910. （原始内容存档于2020-05-26）.
^ Connell, R.J. & Cutner, A. Basic Embryology. Cardozo, Linda & Staskin, David (编). Textbook of female urology and urogynaecology. Taylor & Francis. 2001: 92 [2011-07-13]. ISBN 9781901865059. （原始内容存档于2020-05-26）.

延伸閱讀

"哺乳類發育調控"

[1] Boklage, Charles E. How New Humans Are Made: Cells and Embryos, Twins and Chimeras, Left and Right, Mind/Self/Soul, Sex, and Schizophrenia. World Scientific. 2009: 217 [2011-07-13]. ISBN 9789812835130. （原始内容存档于2014-01-01）.

[2] Sherman, Lawrence S. et al. (编). Human embryology 3rd. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2001: 20 [2011-07-13]. ISBN 9780443065835. （原始内容存档于2020-05-26）.

[3] Chard, Tim & Lilford, Richard. Basic sciences for obstetrics and gynaecology. Springer. 1995: 18 [2011-07-13]. ISBN 9783540199038. （原始内容存档于2020-05-26）.

[4] Mercader, Amparo et al. Human embryo culture. Lanza, Robert & Klimanskaya, Irina (编). Essential stem cell methods. Academic Press. 2008: 343 [2011-07-13]. ISBN 9780123747419. （原始内容存档于2020-05-26）.

[5] Patestas, Maria Antoniou & Gartner, Leslie P. A textbook of neuroanatomy. Wiley-Blackwell. 2006: 11 [2011-07-13]. ISBN 9781405103404. （原始内容存档于2020-05-26）.

[6] Geisert, R.D. & Malayer, J.R. Implantation: Blastocyst formation. Hafez, B. & Hafez, Elsayed S.E. (编). Reproduction in farm animals. Wiley-Blackwell. 2000: 118 [2011-07-13]. ISBN 9780683305777. （原始内容存档于2020-05-26）.

[7] Morali, Olivier G. et al. Epithelium-Mesenchyme Transitions are Crucial Morphogenetic Events Occurring During Early Development. Savagner, Pierre (编). Rise and fall of epithelial phenotype: concepts of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Springer. 2005: 16 [2011-07-13]. ISBN 9780306482397. （原始内容存档于2013-09-21）.

[8] Birchmeier, Carmen; et al. Morphogenesis of epithelial cells. Paul, Leendert C. & Issekutz, Thomas B. (编). Adhesion molecules in health and disease. CRC Press. 1997: 208 [2011-07-13]. ISBN 9780824798246. （原始内容存档于2020-05-26）.

[9] Nagy, András. Manipulating the mouse embryo: a laboratory manual. CSHL Press. 2003: 60–61 [2011-07-13]. ISBN 9780879695910. （原始内容存档于2020-05-26）.

[10] Connell, R.J. & Cutner, A. Basic Embryology. Cardozo, Linda & Staskin, David (编). Textbook of female urology and urogynaecology. Taylor & Francis. 2001: 92 [2011-07-13]. ISBN 9781901865059. （原始内容存档于2020-05-26）.

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