Luhlaza

Oluhlaza ngomnye wemibala emithathu ephambili kwimodeli yombala we-RYB (ithiyori yombala wesintu), kunye nakwimodeli yombala ye-RGB (eyongezelelweyo). ^[1] Ilala phakathi kwe-violet kunye ne-cyan kwi-spectrum yokukhanya okubonakalayo. Igama eliluhlaza ngokuqhelekileyo lichaza imibala eqondwa ngabantu abajonga ukukhanya kunye nobude obubalaseleyo phakathi kwama-450 kunye nama-495 nanometers. Uninzi lweblues lunomxube omncinci weminye imibala; I-azure iqulethe into eluhlaza, ngelixa i-ultramarine iqulethe i-violet. Isibhakabhaka esicacileyo sasemini kunye nolwandle olunzulu lubonakala luluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yempembelelo yamehlo eyaziwa ngokuba yiRayleigh scattering. Impembelelo yamehlo ebizwa ngokuba yiTyndall effect icacisa amehlo aluhlaza. Izinto ezikude zivela luhlaza ngakumbi ngenxa yenye impembelelo yamehlo ebizwa yi-aerial perspective.

I-Blue ibe ngumbala obalulekileyo kubugcisa kunye nokuhlobisa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Ilitye elinqabileyo le-lapis lazuli lalisetyenziswa kwi-Egypt yakudala ukwenza ubucwebe kunye nokuhlobisa kwaye kamva, kwi-Renaissance, ukwenza i-pigment i-ultramarine, eyona ibiza kakhulu kuzo zonke ii-pigments. ^[2] Ngenkulungwane yesibhozo amagcisa aseTshayina asebenzisa icobalt eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukwenza umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye neporcelain emhlophe. KumaXesha Aphakathi, amagcisa aseYurophu ayeyisebenzisa kwiifestile zecathedrals. Abantu baseYurophu banxiba iimpahla ezinemibala ngedayi yemifuno de yatshintshwa yi-indigo ecolekileyo evela eMelika. ngenkulungwane ye -19, iidayi eziluhlaza zokwenziwa kunye ne-pigments ngokuthe ngcembe zithatha indawo yedayi ye-organic kunye ne-mineral pigments. Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka omnyama waba ngumbala oqhelekileyo kwiiyunifom zomkhosi kwaye kamva, ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, kwiisuti zoshishino. Ngenxa yokuba i-blue ngokuqhelekileyo inxulumene nemvisiswano, yakhethwa njengebala leeflegi yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo kunye neEuropean Union. ^[3]

Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngumbala wokukhanya phakathi kwe-violet kunye ne-cyan kwi- spectrum ebonakalayo. Imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iquka i-indigo kunye ne-ultramarine, kufuphi ne-violet; eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngaphandle komxube weminye imibala; I-Azure, engumthunzi okhanyayo ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ofana nombala wesibhakabhaka; I-Cyan, ephakathi kwibala phakathi kweblue kunye nohlaza, kunye nezinye eziluhlaza-blue ezifana ne-turquoise, teal, kunye ne-aquamarine.

Ngokwendalo, izinto ezininzi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zivela kumbala wesakhiwo, umphumo wokuphazamiseka phakathi kokubonakaliswa kwezinto ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu kweefilimu ezincinci, ezidityaniswe ne-refraction njengoko ukukhanya kungena kwaye kuphuma kwiifilimu ezinjalo. Ijometri igqiba ukuba kwii-engile ezithile, ukukhanya okubonakaliswa kuyo yomibini imiphezulu kuphazamisa ngendlela eyakhayo, ngoxa kwezinye ii-engile, ukukhanya kuphazamisa ngokutshabalalisa. Imibala eyahlukeneyo ke ngoko ivela nangona ingekho imibala. ^[4]