Ahmed Al-Kaf was born March 6, 1983, in Oman. After receiving his FIFA license in 2010, he was entrusted with officiating various international matches.[5] He served as the referee of the AFC Champions League final twice. Al-Kaf served as the referee for the 2016 AFC Champions League final match between South Korean team Jeonbuk Hyundai and Emirati team Al Ain.[6] In the second round of the 2018 AFC Champions League Final, Al-Kaf served as the referee.[7] Throughout his career, Al-Kaf has officiated 114 matches, issuing a total of 343 yellow cards and 10 red cards.[5]
On 18 January 2020, Al-Kaf was questioned for several dubious rulings made in the 2020 AFC U-23 Championship Quarter Finals between Saudi Arabia against host, Thailand. He gave away a controversial penalty in the 78th min, Al-Kaf first awarded Saudi Arabia a free kick just outside the box, and video assistant referees later changed it to a penalty, but he didn't check the monitor himself.[53] The Football Association of Thailand sent an official letter to the Asian Football Confederation for questioning the fairness and integrity of officiating in the match.[54]
2026 FIFA World Cup qualifier rulings
We affirm its absolute rejection of such out-of-context behavior by a number of fans and some relevant parties, warning of the consequences of these out-of-context behaviors, stressing the commitment of the Omani staff throughout their honorable history to the utmost levels of professionalism and applying the highest levels of transparency, integrity and impartiality in line with international standards. This is what qualified them to become referees of the Asian elite.
— Oman Football Association regarding Al-Kaf's 2024 ruling.[55]
On 10 October 2024, Al-Kaf again came under heavy scrutiny after he was accused of making biased decisions in the match between Bahrain and Indonesia in the 2026 World Cup qualification, including allowing the game to go on for nine additional minutes, despite six minutes originally being given and no major time wasting. This led to Mohamed Marhoon scoring a 2–2 equalizer with only 20 seconds remaining. In response, defender Shayne Pattynama nearly started a fight with Bahrainian team mebers.[56] Al-Kaf's ruling was protested by Indonesian netizens, who coined the incorrect mathematical equation "90+6=99" as an inside joke within the football community.[57][58] The Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI) had sent a complaint letter to FIFA, with executive member Arya Sinulingga stating "[Al-Kaf] extended the adding time just to allow Bahrain to score an equalizer".[59][60] The Oman Football Association would later condemn the "use of threatening and intimidating language" towards Al-Kaf by Indonesian fans,[61] defending the Omani referee team while claiming that the association was looking into the incident with the relevant authorities.[62] The PSSI later requested the AFC to assign referees from neutral zones for the World Cup qualifiers.[63]