Stephen Hawking sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

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{{Olim bilgiqutisi
| nomi = Stephen Hawking
| tasvir = Stephen Hawking.StarChild.jpg
| eni = 220px
| caption = Hawking [[NASA]] StarChild taʼlim markazida, 1980-yillar
| birth_date = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1942|01|8}}
| birth_place = {{TavalludJoyi|Oksford}}
| death_date = {{vafot sanasi va yoshi|2018|03|14|1942|01|8}}
| death_place = {{VafotJoyi|Kembrij}}
| residence =
| fuqaroligi = [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
| ethnicity =
| field = {{plainlist|
* [[Umumiy nisbiylik nazariyasi]]
* [[Kvant gravitatsiyasi]]}}
| work_institution = [[Gonville va Caius kolleji]] (Kembrij)<br />[[Kaliforniya texnologiya instituti]]<br />[[Perimeter nazariy fizika instituti]]
| alma_mater = [[Oksford universiteti]]<br />[[Kembrij universiteti]]
| doctoral_advisor = [[Dennis William Sciama|Dennis Sciama]]<ref name="mathgene">[https://www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=78459 Stephen Hawking], Mathematics Genealogy Project</ref>
| mashhur_ishlari = {{plainlist|
* [[Hawking nurlanishi]]
* [[Penrose–Hawking singularlik teoremalari]]
* [[Bekenstein–Hawking formulasi]]
* [[Hawking energiyasi]]
* [[Gibbons–Hawking anzatsi]]
* [[Gibbons–Hawking samarasi]]
* [[Gibbons–Hawking fazosi]]
* [[Gibbons–Hawking–York chegarasi]]
* [[Thorne–Hawking–Preskill garovi]]}}
| mukofotlari = {{plainlist|
* Adams mukofoti (1966)
* Eddington medali (1975)
* Maxwell medali (1976)
* Heineman sovrini (1976)
* Hughes medali (1976)
* Albert Einstein mukofoti (1978)
* Qirollik astronomiya jamiyati oltin medali (1985)
* Dirac medali (1987)
* Wolf sovrini (1988)
* Asturiya shahzodasi mukofoti (1989)
* Andrew Gemant mukofoti (1998)
* Naylor sovrini (1999)
* Lilienfeld sovrini (1999)
* Albert medali (1999)
* Copley medali (2006)
* Ozodlik medali (2009)
* Fundamental fizikada kashfiyot medali (2012)
* BBVA jamgʻarmasi bilim fronti medali (2015)}}
}}
{{kirillsarlavha|Стивен Хокинг}}{{Vikiiqtibos}}
'''Stephen William Hawking''' ({{talaffuz|Stiven Uilyam Hoking}}; 8-yanvar 1942 — 14-mart 2018) ingliz [[nazariy fizika|nazariyotchi fizigi]], [[Kosmologiya|kosmologi]], yozuvchi va [[Kembrij universiteti]] Nazariy kosmologiya markazi tadqiqot direktori boʻlgan.<ref name="Auto2J-2">[http://www.ctc.cam.ac.uk/outreach/stephen_hawking.php „Centre for Theoretical Cosmology: Outreach Stephen Hawking“]</ref><ref name="Auto2J-3">[http://www.hawking.org.uk/about-stephen.html About Stephen]. Stephen Hawking vebsayti.</ref> Ilmiy ishlari sirasiga [[Roger Penrose]] bilan birgalikda kashf etgan [[Penrose–Hawking singularlik teoremalari|gravitatsiya singularligi teoremalari]] hamda [[qora tuynuk]] nurlanishi ([[Hawking nurlanishi]]) hodisasining matematik asosi (prognozi) kiradi. Hawking birinchi boʻlib kosmologiyani umumiy nisbiylik nazariyasi va [[kvant mexanika]] bilan izohlovchi nazariya qurishni taklif etdi. U kvant mexanikaning [[koʻp olamlar talqini]] tarafdori edi.<ref>[[Gardner, Martin]] (September/October 2001). [http://www.csicop.org/si/show/multiverses_and_blackberries „Multiverses and Blackberries“]. „Notes of a Fringe-Watcher“. ''[[Skeptical Inquirer]]''. Volume 25, No. 5.</ref><ref>Price, Michael Clive (February 1995). [http://webarchiveproject.org/32699/ „THE EVERETT Fanlar akademiyasiQ“] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420235958/http://webarchiveproject.org/32699/|date=2016-04-20}}. Department of Physics, [[Washington University in St. Louis]]. Retrieved 17-dekabr 2014-yil.</ref>

Bundan tashqari, Hawking Qirollik sanʼat jamiyati va Rim papasi fanlar akademiyasi aʼzosi boʻlgan, [[Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari]] prezidenti tomonidan Ozodlik medali bilan taqdirlangan. 2002-yilda BBC oʻtkazgan „100 eng buyuk britaniyalik“ soʻrovida 25-oʻrin olgan. 1979—2009-yillar orasida [[ilmiy-ommabop adabiyot|ilmiy-ommabop]] kitoblar yozgan. Ayniqsa uning „[[A Brief History of Time]]“ kitobi bir necha bor bestseller boʻlgan.

Hawking kam uchrovchi [[motor neyron kasalligi]] bilan ogʻrigan (bu kasallik [[biqin amiotrofik sklerozi]] va [[Lou Gehrig]] kasalligi nomlari bilan ham maʼlum), shu sababli umrining oxirigacha [[falaj]] yashadi.<ref>{{yangiliklar manbasi|title=Mind over matter: How Stephen Hawking defied Motor Neurone Disease for 50 years|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/mind-over-matter-how-stephen-hawking-defied-motor-neurone-disease-for-50-years-6286313.html|work=The Independent||date=26-noyabr 2015-yil}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{yangiliklar manbasi |title=How Has Stephen Hawking Lived to 70 with ALS? |url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/stephen-hawking-als/ |access-date=23-dekabr 2014-yil |work=[[Scientific American]] |date=7-yanvar 2012-yil |quote=Q: How frequent are these cases of very slow-progressing forms of ALS? A: I would say probably less than a few percent.}}</ref> Falajlik ortidan gapirish qobiliyatini yoʻqotgach, u faqatgina [[nutq sintezatori]] orqali aloqa qila olar edi. Hawking 2018-yil 14-martida 76 yoshda vafot etdi.<ref name="NYT=20180314">[https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/14/obituaries/stephen-hawking-dead.html „Stephen Hawking Dies at 76; His Mind Roamed the Cosmos“], ''[[The New York Times]]''</ref><ref name="IT-20180314">{{yangiliklar manbasi |last=Henry |first=David |title=Stephen Hawking, physicist who reshaped cosmology, passes away at 76 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/physicist-stephen-hawking-passes-away/articleshow/63294700.cms |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=14-mart 2018-yil |accessdate=15-mart 2018-yil}}</ref>

== Manbalar ==
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== Havolalar ==
* {{Rasmiy sayt|http://hawking.org.uk/}}
* {{facebook|stephenhawking}}
* {{IMDbda kishi|370071}}

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[[Turkum:Fiziklar]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hawking, Stephen}}

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Stephen Hawking sahifasiga qaytish.

"https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" dan olindi