apprendre
ภาษาฝรั่งเศส
[แก้ไข]การออกเสียง
[แก้ไข]- สัทอักษรสากล(คำอธิบาย): /a.pʁɑ̃dʁ/
เสียง: (file) - สัมผัส: -ɑ̃dʁ
คำกริยา
[แก้ไข]apprendre
การผันรูป
[แก้ไข]This verb is conjugated on the model of prendre. That means it is quite irregular, with the following patterns:
- In the infinitive, in the singular forms of the present indicative, and in the future and the conditional, it is conjugated like rendre, perdre, etc. (sometimes called the regular -re verbs).
- In the plural forms of the present indicative and imperative, in the imperfect indicative, in the present subjunctive, and in the present participle, it is conjugated like appeler or jeter, using the stem apprenn- before mute ‘e’ and the stem appren- elsewhere.
- In the past participle, and in the past historic and the imperfect subjunctive, its conjugation resembles that of mettre.
การผันรูปของ apprendre (ดูเพิ่ม ภาคผนวก:คำกริยาภาษาฝรั่งเศส)
| infinitive | simple | apprendre | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | apprenant /a.pʁə.nɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | appris /a.pʁi/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | apprends /a.pʁɑ̃/ |
apprends /a.pʁɑ̃/ |
apprend /a.pʁɑ̃/ |
apprenons /a.pʁə.nɔ̃/ |
apprenez /a.pʁə.ne/ |
apprennent /a.pʁɛn/ |
| imperfect | apprenais /a.pʁə.nɛ/ |
apprenais /a.pʁə.nɛ/ |
apprenait /a.pʁə.nɛ/ |
apprenions /a.pʁə.njɔ̃/ |
appreniez /a.pʁə.nje/ |
apprenaient /a.pʁə.nɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | appris /a.pʁi/ |
appris /a.pʁi/ |
apprit /a.pʁi/ |
apprîmes /a.pʁim/ |
apprîtes /a.pʁit/ |
apprirent /a.pʁiʁ/ | |
| future | apprendrai /a.pʁɑ̃.dʁe/ |
apprendras /a.pʁɑ̃.dʁa/ |
apprendra /a.pʁɑ̃.dʁa/ |
apprendrons /a.pʁɑ̃.dʁɔ̃/ |
apprendrez /a.pʁɑ̃.dʁe/ |
apprendront /a.pʁɑ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | apprendrais /a.pʁɑ̃.dʁɛ/ |
apprendrais /a.pʁɑ̃.dʁɛ/ |
apprendrait /a.pʁɑ̃.dʁɛ/ |
apprendrions /a.pʁɑ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ |
apprendriez /a.pʁɑ̃.dʁi.je/ |
apprendraient /a.pʁɑ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | apprenne /a.pʁɛn/ |
apprennes /a.pʁɛn/ |
apprenne /a.pʁɛn/ |
apprenions /a.pʁə.njɔ̃/ |
appreniez /a.pʁə.nje/ |
apprennent /a.pʁɛn/ |
| imperfect2 | apprisse /a.pʁis/ |
apprisses /a.pʁis/ |
apprît /a.pʁi/ |
apprissions /a.pʁi.sjɔ̃/ |
apprissiez /a.pʁi.sje/ |
apprissent /a.pʁis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | apprends /a.pʁɑ̃/ |
— | apprenons /a.pʁə.nɔ̃/ |
apprenez /a.pʁə.ne/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
คำพ้องความ
[แก้ไข]ลูกคำ
[แก้ไข]- apprenable
- apprendre par cœur ("to memorize")
คำที่เกี่ยวข้อง
[แก้ไข]อ่านเพิ่ม
[แก้ไข]- “apprendre” ใน le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).