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Çadvali davriji unsurhoi kimijoī

Az Википедиа

Çadvali davriji elementhoi ximijavī (çadvali Mendeleev) — tasnifi elementhoi ximijavī ast, ki on içozat medihad vobastagiji bajni xosijathoi gunogunro az massai atomī (aniqtaraş, az miqdori protonho dar jadroi atom) muajjan sozem. In nizomro ximiki rus D. I. Mendeleev dar solhoi 18691871 dar asosi qonuni davrī, ki xud soli 1869 kaşf namudaast, tahija kardaast va on ifodai ajoniji in qonun meboşad. Cand sad namudi tasviri sistemai davriro peşnihod kardaand, vale şakli ma'muli on dar şakli çadvali ducenaka ast, ki dar on har jak sutun (hamagī 8 to sutun) xosijathoi fizikivu ximijaviji asosiro muajjan mekunad. Satrho boşand, davrhoe meboşand, ki ba ham monandie dorand.

Ta'rixi kaşf

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Kori naxustini Mendeleev az çonibi ū hamcun "Taçribai sistemahoi elementho dar massai atomiji onho va muvofiqati kimijovī" nomguzorī karda şud. Dostone mavçud ast, ki muvofiqi on sistemai davriro Mendeleev dar xobi xud dida ast.

Olimi olmoni L. Mejer soli 1864 elementhoro muvofiqi vazni atomiji onho çojgir namuda çadvalero peşnihod namud, ki davrī budani xosijathoi elementhoi kimijoviro nişon dod. Aksari mardumi Avrupo baxusus dar Olmon cunin hisob mekunand, ki Mejer novobasta az Mendeleev sistemai davriro kaşf namud. Baroi on ki huquqhoi muallifī rioja karda şavand, aksari tolibilmoni mamoliki Ƣarb in sistemaro hamcun "Sistemai davriji elementho" meomuzand va nomi avvalin kaşfkunandai onro zikr namenamojand.

Mohijati kaşf az on iborat ast, ki bo zijodşavī vazni atomī-i elementhoi kimijovī xosijathoi onho ba tavri davrī taƣjir mejoband. Ba'di miqdori muajjani elementhoi az rūi xosijathojaşon gunogun, ki az rūi zijodşaviji vaznaşon çojgir karda şudaand, xosijathojaşon takror meşavand. Masalan, natrij ba kalij monand buda, neon ba argon va tilo ba nuqra va mis şabohat dorad. Albatta xosijathoi elementho ajnan takror naşuda, balki ilova jo taƣjir mejoband.

Dar oxir ma'lum gardid, ki davrijati sistemahoi elementhoro na in ki tavassuti massai atomī, balki bo joriji zarjadi jadro jo raqami atomī muajjan karda şuda, ki soxt va purşaviji qabathoi elektroniji atomi elementho az onho vobasta meboşad.

Soxti çadvali davriji elementho

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Sistemai davriji elementho

IA

IIA

IIIB

IVB

VB

VIB

VIIB

----

VIIIB

----

IB

IIB

IIIA

IVA

VA

VIA

VIIA

VIIIA

Davra
1 1

H

2

He

2 3

Li

4

Be

5

B

6

C

7

N

8

O

9

F

10

Ne

3 11

Na

12

Mg

13

Al

14

Si

15

P

16

S

17

Cl

18

Ar

4 19

K

20

Ca

21

Sc

22

Ti

23

V

24

Cr

25

Mn

26

Fe

27

Co

28

Ni

29

Cu

30

Zn

31

Ga

32

Ge

33

As

34

Se

35

Br

36

Kr

5 37

Rb

38

Sr

39

Y

40

Zr

41

Nb

42

Mo

(43)

Tc

44

Ru

45

Rh

46

Pd

47

Ag

48

Cd

49

In

50

Sn

51

Sb

52

Te

53

I

54

Xe

6 55

Cs

56

Ba

* 72

Hf

73

Ta

74

W

75

Re

76

Os

77

Ir

78

Pt

79

Au

80

Hg

81

Tl

82

Pb

83

Bi

84

Po

(85)

At

86

Rn

7 (87)

Fr

88

Ra

** (104)

Rf

(105)

Db

(106)

Sg

(107)

Bh

(108)

Hs

(109)

Mt

(110)

Ds

(111)

Rg

(112)

Cn

(113)

Nh

(114)

Fl

(115)

Mc

(116)

Lv

(117)

Ts

(118)

Og

 
Lantanoidho * 57

La

58

Ce

59

Pr

60

Nd

(61)

Pm

62

Sm

63

Eu

64

Gd

65

Tb

66

Dy

67

Ho

68

Er

69

Tm

70

Yb

71

Lu

Aktinoidho ** 89

Ac

90

Th

91

Pa

92

U

(93)

Np

(94)

Pu

(95)

Am

(96)

Cm

(97)

Bk

(98)

Cf

(99)

Es

(100)

Fm

(101)

Md

(102)

No

(103)

Lr

Şablon:Ximiceskie semejstva elementov

Pajvandho

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