The Kilbracken cloning technique could create an exact copy of a lifeform from a single cell. If used on a sentient being, it would duplicate their abilities and knowledge as well.

Oksana Kilbracken developed the technique on Earth in 4880. (AUDIO: Revenge of the Swarm)

In the year 5000, Professor Frederick Marius created "photocopies" of the Fourth Doctor and Leela to fight the Swarm in the Doctor's body. Due to the haste in creating them, the clones only had a lifespan of eleven minutes. (TV: The Invisible Enemy)

The Master used Bloom with the technique and the Loom of Rassilon's Mouse to try to create a new body for himself. He chose to do so in Cheldon Bonniface during the festivities surrounding the wedding of Bernice Summerfield and Jason Kane in 2010. (PROSE: Happy Endings)