Unafiki
Mandhari
Unafiki ni utovu wa ukweli katika mwenendo wa binadamu hasa kwa lengo la kujipatia sifa, k. mf. kama mwanadini mwadilifu.
Tofauti na mkosefu, mnafiki anatenda vema kwa nje, lakini nia yake si kufuata dhamiri yake na maadili anayojua ni mazuri, bali ni kupendeza watu wengine ili kupata faida fulani kutoka kwao.
Ni jambo linalolaumiwa sana katika dini zote, hasa Ukristo, kutokana na lawama za Yesu dhidi ya viongozi wengi wa Uyahudi. Injili zinasisitiza hasa lawama zake dhidi ya baadhi ya Mafarisayo.
Marejeo
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Caviola, Lucius; Faulmüller, Nadira (Agosti 2014). "Moral hypocrisy in economic games – how prosocial behavior is shaped by social expectations". Frontiers in Psychology. 5: 897. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00897. PMC 4132261. PMID 25177307.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - la Cour, Anders; Kromann, Joakim (Julai 2011). "Euphemisms and hypocrisy in corporate philanthropy". Business Ethics: A European Review. 20 (3): 267–279. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8608.2011.01627.x. S2CID 153773218.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Davidson, Jenny (2004). Hypocrisy & the Politics of Politeness: Manners & Morals from Locke to Austen. Cambridge University Press.
- Fernández, Jordi (2013). "Self-deception and self-knowledge". Philosophical Studies. 162 (2): 379–400. doi:10.1007/s11098-011-9771-9. S2CID 170896976.
- Furia, Peter A. (Januari 2009). "Democratic citizenship and the hypocrisy of leaders". Polity. 41 (1): 113–133. doi:10.1057/pol.2008.24. S2CID 145561665.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Greene, Meredith; Low, Kathryn (Aprili 2014). "Public integrity, private hypocrisy, and the moral licensing effect". Social Behavior and Personality. 42 (3): 391–400. doi:10.2224/sbp.2014.42.3.391.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Lammers, Joris; Stapel, Diederik A.; Galinsky, Adam D. (Mei 2010). "Power increases hypocrisy moralizing in reasoning, immorality in behavior". Psychological Science. 21 (5): 737–744. doi:10.1177/0956797610368810. JSTOR 41062277. PMID 20483854. S2CID 206585150.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Laurent, Sean M.; Clark, Brian A. M.; Walker, Stephannie; Wiseman, Kimberly D. (2014). "Punishing hypocrisy: The roles of hypocrisy and moral emotions in deciding culpability and punishment of criminal and civil moral transgressors". Cognition & Emotion. 28 (1): 59–83. doi:10.1080/02699931.2013.801339. PMID 23725235. S2CID 1644336.
- Porcher, José Eduardo (Julai–Desemba 2014). "Is self-deception pretense?". Manuscrito. 37 (2): 291–332. doi:10.1590/S0100-60452015005000002.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Renzo, Massimo (Julai 2014). "Fairness, self-deception and political obligation". Philosophical Studies. 169 (3): 467–488. doi:10.1007/s11098-013-0203-x. hdl:1885/23939. JSTOR 42920430. S2CID 143769845.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Ross, Lee; Ward, Andrew (1996). "Naive realism in everyday life: Implications for social conflict and misunderstanding" (PDF). Katika Reed, Edward S.; Turiel, Elliot; Brown, Terrance (whr.). Values and Knowledge. The Jean Piaget Symposium Series. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ku. 103–135.
- Rustichini, Aldo; Villeval, Marie Claire (Novemba 2014). "Moral hypocrisy, power and social preferences". Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. 107 (Part A): 10–24. doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2014.08.002. hdl:10419/58984.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Sommervoll, Dag Einar (2013). "Sweet self-deception". Journal of Economics. 109 (1): 73–88. doi:10.1007/s00712-012-0308-2. hdl:11250/93930. S2CID 154041122.
- Stone, Rebecca (2014). "Unconscionability, exploitation, and hypocrisy". Journal of Political Philosophy. 22 (1): 27–47. doi:10.1111/jopp.12009.
- Szabados, Béla; Soifer, Eldon (2004). Hypocrisy: Ethical Investigations. Broadview Press. ISBN 978-1551115573.
- Vaara, Eero (Juni 2003). "Post‐acquisition integration as sensemaking: Glimpses of ambiguity, confusion, hypocrisy, and politicization". Journal of Management Studies. 40 (4): 859–94. doi:10.1111/1467-6486.00363. hdl:10138/26465.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Valdesolo, Piercarlo; DeSteno, David (Agosti 2007). "Moral hypocrisy: Social groups and the flexibility of virtue". Psychological Science. 18 (8): 689–90. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01961.x. PMID 17680939. S2CID 41023171.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Wagner, Tillmann; Lutz, Richard J.; Weitz, Barton A. (Desemba 2009). "Corporate hypocrisy: Overcoming the threat of inconsistent corporate social responsibility perceptions". Journal of Marketing. 73 (6): 77–91. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.463.1501. doi:10.1509/jmkg.73.6.77. S2CID 51790683.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Wieting, Stephen G. (2016). The Sociology of Hypocrisy: An Analysis of Sport and Religion. Routledge. ISBN 9781317015345.
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