Anthropolojia

Anthropolojia ni fani ya elimu inayochunguza pande zote binadamu kuanzia wale wa kale^[1]^[2]^[3].

Matawi yake mbalimbali yanachunguza maisha ya jamii, utamaduni pamoja na taratibu na tunu, athari ya lugha, mabadiliko ya kimwili n.k.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Kwa vyovyote, anthropolojia inahitaji ushirikiano wa sayansi mbalimbali, ikiwemo teolojia.

Akiolojia inaweza kutazamwa kama sehemu ya anthropolojia (k.mf. Marekani^[4] ) au ya historia, lakini pia kama fani ya pekee (k.mf. Ulaya).

Jina

Jina linatokana na neno la Kiingereza anthropology lililotumika mara ya kwanza kwa Kilatini mwaka 1593 kuhusiana na historia.^[5][^[6]^[7] Asili yake ni maneno mawili ya Kigiriki, ἄνθρωπος, ánthrōpos "mtu") na λόγος, lógos, "neno, somo, elimu").^[5]

Tazama pia

Anthropolojia ya Kimarekani

Tanbihi

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 "anthropology". Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2016-07-09. Iliwekwa mnamo 10 Agosti 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 "anthropology". Encyclopedia Britannica. Iliwekwa mnamo 23 Machi 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 "What is Anthropology?". American Anthropological Association. Iliwekwa mnamo 10 Agosti 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ Haviland, William A.; Prins, Harald E. L.; McBride, Bunny; Walrath, Dana (2010), Cultural Anthropology: The Human Challenge (tol. la 13th), Cengage Learning, ISBN 0-495-81082-7
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Oxford English Dictionary, 1st ed. "anthropology, n." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1885.
↑ [Richard Harvey (astrologer)|Richard Harvey]]'s 1593 Philadelphus, a defense of the legend of Brutus in British history, includes the passage "Genealogy or issue which they had, Artes which they studied, Actes which they did. This part of History is named Anthropology." Its present use first appeared in Renaissance Germany in the works of Magnus Hundt and Otto Casmann.
↑ Israel Institute of the History of Medicine. Koroth. BRILL. uk. 19. GGKEY:34XGYHLZ7XY.

Marejeo

Kamusi elezo

Barnard, Alan; Spencer, Jonathan, eds. (2010). The Routledge Encyclopedia of Social and Cultural Anthropology. London: Routledge.
Barfield, Thomas (1997). The dictionary of anthropology. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing..
Jackson, John L. (2013). Oxford Bibliographies: Anthropology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Levinson, David; Ember, Melvin, eds. (1996). Encyclopedia of Cultural Anthropology. Volumes 1–4. New York: Henry Holt.
Rapport, Nigel; Overing, Joanna (2007). Social and Cultural Anthropology: The Key Concepts. New York: Routledge.

Kumbukumbu

Barley, Nigel (1983). The innocent anthropologist: notes from a mud hut. London: British Museum Publications.
Geertz, Clifford (1995). After the fact: two countries, four decades, one anthropologist. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Lévi-Strauss, Claude (1967). Tristes tropiques. Translated from the French by John Russell. New York: Atheneum.
Malinowski, Bronisław (1967). A diary in the strict sense of the term. Translated by Norbert Guterman. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.
Mead, Margaret (1972). Blackberry winter: my earlier years. New York: William Marrow.
Mead, Margaret (1977). Letters from the field, 1925–1975. New York: Harper & Row. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Rabinow, Paul (1977). Reflections on fieldwork in Morocco. Quantum Books. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Historia

Asad, Talal, mhr. (1973). Anthropology & the Colonial Encounter. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press.
Barth, Fredrik; Gingrich, Andre; Parkin, Robert (2005). One Discipline, Four Ways: British, German, French, and American anthropology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Darnell, Regna. (2001). Invisible Genealogies: A History of Americanist Anthropology. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
Gisi, Lucas Marco (2007). Einbildungskraft und Mythologie. Die Verschränkung von Anthropologie und Geschichte im 18. Jahrhundert. Berlin; New York: de Gruyter.
Harris, Marvin. (2001) [1968]. The rise of anthropological theory: a history of theories of culture. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
Hunt, James (1863). [[[:Kigezo:Google books]] "Introductory Address on the Study of Anthropology"]. The Anthropological Review. I. London: Trübner & Co. {{cite journal}}: Check |url= value (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Kehoe, Alice B. (1998). The Land of Prehistory: A Critical History of American Archaeology. New York; London: Routledge.
Lewis, H. S. (1998). "The Misrepresentation of Anthropology and Its Consequences". American Anthropologist. 100 (3): 716–731. doi:10.1525/aa.1998.100.3.716.
Lewis, H. S (2004). "Imagining Anthropology's History". Reviews in Anthropology. v. 33. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Lewis, H. S. (2005). "Anthropology, the Cold War, and Intellectual History". Katika Darnell, R.; Gleach, F.W. (whr.). Histories of Anthropology Annual, Vol. I. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Pels, Peter; Salemink, Oscar, whr. (2000). Colonial Subjects: Essays on the Practical History of Anthropology. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Price, David (2004). Threatening Anthropology: McCarthyism and the FBI's Surveillance of Activist Anthropologists. Durham: Duke University Press..
Sera-Shriar, Efram (2013). The Making of British Anthropology, 1813–1871. Science and Culture in the Nineteenth Century, 18. London; Vermont: Pickering and Chatto.
Schiller, Francis (1979). [[[:Kigezo:Google books]] Paul Broca, Founder of French Anthropology, Explorer of the Brain]. Berkeley: University of California Press. {{cite book}}: Check |url= value (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Stocking, George, Jr. (1968). Race, Culture and Evolution. New York: Free Press.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Trencher, Susan (2000). Mirrored Images: American Anthropology and American Culture, 1960–1980. Westport, Conn.: Bergin & Garvey.
Wolf, Eric (1982). Europe and the People Without History. Berkeley; Los Angeles: California University Press.

Vitabu vya kiada

Clifford, James; Marcus, George E. (1986). Writing culture: the poetics and politics of ethnography. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Geertz, Clifford (1973). The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books.
Harris, Marvin (1997). Culture, People, Nature: An Introduction to General Anthropology (tol. la 7th). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Salzmann, Zdeněk (1993). Language, culture, and society: an introduction to linguistic anthropology. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Shweder, Richard A.; LeVine, Robert A., whr. (1984). Culture Theory: essays on mind, self, and emotion. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Waitz, Theodor (1863). [[[:Kigezo:Google books]] Introduction to Anthropology]. Translated by J. Frederick Collingwood for the Anthropological Society of London. London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts. {{cite book}}: Check |url= value (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)

Viungo vya nje

Angalia mengine kuhusu Anthropolojia kwenye miradi mingine ya Wikimedia:
	Fafanuzi za Kiingereza kutoka Wiktionary
	picha na media kutoka Commons
	misaada ya kujisomea kwa Kiingereza kutoka Wikiversity
	nukuu kutoka Wikiquote
	matini za ushuhuda na vyanzo kutoka Wikisource
	vitabu kutoka Wikibooks

Haller, Dieter. "Interviews with German Anthropologists: Video Portal for the History of German Anthropology post 1945". Ruhr-Universität Bochum. Iliwekwa mnamo 22 Machi 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
"AAANet Home". American Anthropological Association. 2010.
"Home". European Association of Social Anthropologists. 2015.
Hagen, Ed (2015). "AAPA". American Association of Physical Anthropologists.
"Home". Australian Anthropological Society. Iliwekwa mnamo 23 Machi 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
"AIBR, Revista de Antropología Iberoamericana" (kwa Spanish). Antropólogos Iberoamericanos en Red. Iliwekwa mnamo 24 Machi 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
"Home". Human Relations Area Files. Iliwekwa mnamo 24 Machi 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
"Home". National Association for the Practice of Anthropology. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2021-01-05. Iliwekwa mnamo 24 Machi 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
"About". Radical Anthropology Group. Iliwekwa mnamo 24 Machi 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
"Home". Royal Anthropological Institute. Iliwekwa mnamo 24 Machi 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
"Home". The Society for Applied Anthropology. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2019-05-08. Iliwekwa mnamo 24 Machi 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
"Anthropology". American Museum of Natural History. Iliwekwa mnamo 25 Machi 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
"Department of Anthropology". Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Iliwekwa mnamo 25 Machi 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
"AIO Home". Anthropological Index Online. Royal Anthropological Institute. Iliwekwa mnamo 25 Machi 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

Makala hii kuhusu mambo ya sayansi bado ni mbegu.
Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Anthropolojia kama historia yake au mahusiano yake na mada nyingine?
Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa?
Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari.

[oed-1] 1.0 ^1.1 "anthropology". Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2016-07-09. Iliwekwa mnamo 10 Agosti 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[eb-2] 2.0 ^2.1 "anthropology". Encyclopedia Britannica. Iliwekwa mnamo 23 Machi 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[aaa-3] 3.0 ^3.1 "What is Anthropology?". American Anthropological Association. Iliwekwa mnamo 10 Agosti 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[4] Haviland, William A.; Prins, Harald E. L.; McBride, Bunny; Walrath, Dana (2010), Cultural Anthropology: The Human Challenge (tol. la 13th), Cengage Learning, ISBN 0-495-81082-7

[oed2-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Oxford English Dictionary, 1st ed. "anthropology, n." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1885.

[6] [Richard Harvey (astrologer)|Richard Harvey]]'s 1593 Philadelphus, a defense of the legend of Brutus in British history, includes the passage "Genealogy or issue which they had, Artes which they studied, Actes which they did. This part of History is named Anthropology." Its present use first appeared in Renaissance Germany in the works of Magnus Hundt and Otto Casmann.

[Medicine-7] Israel Institute of the History of Medicine. Koroth. BRILL. uk. 19. GGKEY:34XGYHLZ7XY.

[1]