Apostasi inom islam

Apostasi inom islam (arabiska: ردة, riddah eller ارتداد, irtidād) definieras vanligen som att en muslim överger sin tro på islam. En apostat benämns inom islam som murtād (مرتدّ).^[1]^[2]^[3]

Apostasi beräknades 2021 vara brottsligt i 17 muslimska länder.^[4] En muslim kan göra sig skyldig till apostasi genom att uttrycka sig islamkritiskt, konvertera till en annan religion eller övergå till ateism.^[5]

Straff

Apostasi bestraffas med döden i tio muslimska länder som tillämpar sharialagstiftning^[4] och i tretton andra länder bestraffas det med fängelse, böter eller omhändertagande av barn.^[6]

Opinion bland muslimer

Stödet för dödsstraff när det kommer till apostasi varierar kraftigt bland muslimer beroende på var de bor. I Afghanistan stödjer 78% av den muslimska befolkningen det medan endast 0,4% gör det i Kazakstan.^[7]

Referenser

^ Frank Griffel, Apostasy, in (Editor: Gerhard Bowering et al.) The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought, ISBN 978-0691134840, pp. 40–41
^ Diane Morgan (2009), Essential Islam: A Comprehensive Guide to Belief and Practice, ISBN 978-0313360251, pp. 182–83
^ Ghali, Hebatallah (1 december 2006). ”Rights of Muslim Converts to Christianity” (PhD Thesis). Department of Law, School of Humanities and Social Sciences. The American University in Cairo, Egypt. sid. 2. Arkiverad från originalet den 4 september 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140904065937/http://dar.aucegypt.edu/bitstream/handle/10526/3405/GHALI%20000710037%20RIGHTS%20OF%20CONVERTS%20UPDATE%20FEB%202013.pdf?sequence=3. ”Whereas an apostate (murtad) is the person who commits apostasy ('rtidad), that is the conscious abandonment of allegiance or ... renunciation of a religious faith or abandonment of a previous loyalty.”
^ [a b] ”Death sentence for apostasy in nearly a dozen countries, report says” (på brittisk engelska). National Secular Society. 16 november 2021. https://www.secularism.org.uk/news/2021/11/death-sentence-for-apostasy-in-nearly-a-dozen-countries-report-says. Läst 15 december 2022.
^ . https://www.economist.com/news/international/21567059-ex-muslim-atheists-are-becoming-more-outspoken-tolerance-still-rare-no-god-not.
^ Marshall, Paul; Shea, Nina. 2011. Silenced. How Apostasy & Blasphemy Codes are Choking Freedom Worldwide. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.61
^ ”Beliefs about Sharia”. Pew Research Center. 30 april 2013. Arkiverad från originalet den 30 augusti 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140830232031/http://www.pewforum.org/2013/04/30/the-worlds-muslims-religion-politics-society-beliefs-about-sharia/. Läst 30 augusti 2014.

[1] Frank Griffel, Apostasy, in (Editor: Gerhard Bowering et al.) The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought, ISBN 978-0691134840, pp. 40–41

[2] Diane Morgan (2009), Essential Islam: A Comprehensive Guide to Belief and Practice, ISBN 978-0313360251, pp. 182–83

[3] Ghali, Hebatallah (1 december 2006). ”Rights of Muslim Converts to Christianity” (PhD Thesis). Department of Law, School of Humanities and Social Sciences. The American University in Cairo, Egypt. sid. 2. Arkiverad från originalet den 4 september 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140904065937/http://dar.aucegypt.edu/bitstream/handle/10526/3405/GHALI%20000710037%20RIGHTS%20OF%20CONVERTS%20UPDATE%20FEB%202013.pdf?sequence=3. ”Whereas an apostate (murtad) is the person who commits apostasy ('rtidad), that is the conscious abandonment of allegiance or ... renunciation of a religious faith or abandonment of a previous loyalty.”

[:0-4] [a b] ”Death sentence for apostasy in nearly a dozen countries, report says” (på brittisk engelska). National Secular Society. 16 november 2021. https://www.secularism.org.uk/news/2021/11/death-sentence-for-apostasy-in-nearly-a-dozen-countries-report-says. Läst 15 december 2022.

[5] . https://www.economist.com/news/international/21567059-ex-muslim-atheists-are-becoming-more-outspoken-tolerance-still-rare-no-god-not.

[(Marshall_and_Shea_2011:_61)-6] Marshall, Paul; Shea, Nina. 2011. Silenced. How Apostasy & Blasphemy Codes are Choking Freedom Worldwide. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.61

[pew2013apo-7] ”Beliefs about Sharia”. Pew Research Center. 30 april 2013. Arkiverad från originalet den 30 augusti 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140830232031/http://www.pewforum.org/2013/04/30/the-worlds-muslims-religion-politics-society-beliefs-about-sharia/. Läst 30 augusti 2014.

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