Čola carstvo

Istorija Južne Azije ; ; Istorija Indije
Kameno doba	70.000–7000. p. n. e.
Kultura Mergar	7000–3300. p. n. e.
Civilizacija doline Inda	3300. –1700. p. n. e.
Kasna Harapa kultura	1700–1300. p. n. e.
Vedska civilizacija	1500–500. p. n. e.
· Kraljevstva antičke Indije	· 1200–700. p. n. e.
Mahadžanapadi	700–300. p. n. e.
Carstvo Magada	684–26. p. n. e.
· Maurijsko carstvo	· 321–184. p. n. e.
Srednja kraljevstva Indije	230. p. n. e.–1279. n. e.
· Satavahana carstvo	· 230. p. n. e.–199. n. e.
· Kušansko carstvo	· 60–240.
· Gupta carstvo	· 240–550.
· Čola carstvo	· 848–1279.
Islamski sultanati u Indiji	1210–1596.
· Delhijski sultanat	· 1206–1526.
· Dekanski sultanati	· 1490–1596.
Hojsala carstvo	1040–1346.
Vidžajanagarsko carstvo	1336–1565.
Mogulsko carstvo	1526–1707.
Marata carstvo	1674–1818.
Kolonijalna Indija	1757–1947.
Podela Indije	1947–
	Istorije država; Republika Indija · Pakistan · Bangladeš; Šri Lanka · Nepal · Butan · Maldivi
	Regionalne istorije; Pendžab · Južna Indija · Tamil Nadu · Bengal · Asam; Pakistanski regioni · Sind · Tibet

Dinastija Čola (tam. சோழர் /ˈt͡ʃoːɻə/) bila je dinastija tamilskih vladara iz južne Indije, koja se smatra jednom od najdugovečnijih u istoriji. Neka od tumačenja njen početak povezuju s natpisima koje je još u 3. veku p. n. e. ostavio Ašoka, vladar Maurijskog carstva; kraj dinastije, koja je vladala različitim teritorijama, je u 13. veku.

Središte Čola je bila plodna dolina reke Kaveri; status velesile su uživali od druge polovine 9. do početka 13. veka.^[1] Pod njihovom vlašću je skoro dva veka bilo ujedinjeno područje južno od Tungabadre.^[2] Dinastija je pod Radžaradžom Čolom I i njegovim sinom Radžendrom Čolom I stekla status vojne, ekonomske i kulturne sile ne samo na prostoru Južne nego i Jugoistočne Azije.^[3] Radžendra Čola je status velikog vladara stekao vojnim pohodima na sever, koji su doprli sve do Gangesa, kao i uništenjem dotadašnje pomorske sile Šrividžaja, te brojnim izaslanstvima koje je slao na kineski dvor.^[4]

Od oko 1010 do 1200. teritorija Čola se pružala od Maldiva na jugu pa sve do reke Godavari u današnjoj državi Andra Pradeš.^[5] Radžaradža Čola je osim cele Južne Indije, osvojio delove današnje Šri Lanke te osvojio Maldive.^[3] Radžendra Čola je prilikom pohoda na Gangeš uspeo poraziti Mahipalu, vladara Pala Carstva. Takođe je uspešno napao države Malajskog arhipelaga.^[6]^[7] Dinastija Čola je počela slabiti s usponom dinastije Pandidža početkom 13. veka, koja je konačno dovela do njenog završetka.^[8]^[9]^[10]

Čola vladari su, s druge strane, ostali upamćeni po pokroviteljstvu nad tamilskom književnošću kao i gradnjom brojnih hramova. Bili su poznati i po tome što su hramove koristili i za ekonomske aktivnosti,^[11]^[12] kao i specifičnom obliku državne uprave.

Izvori

^ K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, A History of South India. pp. 5.
^ K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, A History of South India. pp. 157.
^ ^a ^b Keay 2000, str. 215
^ K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, A History of South India. pp. 158.
^ Majumdar 1987, str. 407
^ The kadaram campaign is first mentioned in Rajendra's inscriptions dating from his 14th year. The name of the Srivijaya king was Sangrama Vijayatungavarman. K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, The CōĻas. pp. 211–220
^ Meyer 1997, str. 73
^ K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, A History of South India. pp. 192.
^ K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, A History of South India. pp. 195.
^ K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, A History of South India. pp. 196.
^ Vasudevan 2003, str. 20–22
^ Keay 2000, str. 217–218

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Spoljašnje veze

UNESCO World Heritage sites – Chola temples
Art of Cholas
Chola coins Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (17. jun 2011)
Chola coins of Sri Lanka Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (4. mart 2016)
Devotion in South India: Chola Bronzes, Asia Society Museum exhibition

[sastri-1] K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, A History of South India. pp. 5.

[sastri5-2] K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, A History of South India. pp. 157.

[keay215-3] Keay 2000, str. 215

[sastri158-4] K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, A History of South India. pp. 158.

[majumdar407-5] Majumdar 1987, str. 407

[srivijaya-6] The kadaram campaign is first mentioned in Rajendra's inscriptions dating from his 14th year. The name of the Srivijaya king was Sangrama Vijayatungavarman. K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, The CōĻas. pp. 211–220

[meyer73-7] Meyer 1997, str. 73

[sastri192-8] K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, A History of South India. pp. 192.

[sastri195-9] K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, A History of South India. pp. 195.

[sastri196-10] K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, A History of South India. pp. 196.

[geeta20-11] Vasudevan 2003, str. 20–22

[12] Keay 2000, str. 217–218

[1]

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