Ramalina fraxinea

Familia: Ramalinaceae
Genus: Ramalina
Species: Ramalina fraxinea

Ramalina fraxinea (L.) Ach., 1814

Basionym: Lichen fraxineus L.

• Lichen fraxineus L.
• Ramalina fraxinea f. ampliata (Ach.) Anders
• Ramalina fraxinea subsp. calicariformis (Nyl.) de Lesd., 1954
• Ramalina fraxinea var. ampliata (Ach.) Ach., 1810
• Ramalina fraxinea var. calicariformis Nyl., 1870
• Ramalina fraxinea var. calicaris (L.) Schaer.

• Ach., Synopsis methodica lichenorum: 296 (1814)

• Acharius, E. (1814) Synopsis methodica lichenum, sistens omnes hujus ordinis naturalis detectas plantas, quas, secundum genera, species et varietates disposuit, characteribus et differentiis emendatis definivit, nec non synonymis et observationibus selectis illustravit auctor. Lund. 392 pp.   (Mattick Rec.# 30923 - Literature on Lichens) (PDF)

• Dobson, F.S. (2000) (Fourth edition) Ramalina (pp. 334-338) In, Lichens: An illustrated guide to the British and Irish species. The Richmond Publishing Co., Ltd., Slough, England, 431 pp.   (RLL List # 184 / Rec. # 22402 - Recent Literature on Lichens) (Ramalina fraxinea, description, photo and map: p. 337).

• Purvis, O.W.; Coppins, B.J.; Hawksworth, D.L.; James, P.W. and Moore, D.M. (eds.) (1992) Ramalina, pp. 524-529. In, The Lichen Flora of Great Britain and Ireland. London: Natural History Museum Publication, 710 pp.   (RLL List # 151 / Rec. # 15105 - Recent Literature on Lichens) (Ramalina fraxinea, description: p. 527)

• Wirth, V. (1995) Ramalina, pp. 796-802. - Teil 2 - In, Die Flechten Baden-Württembergs, Teil 1 & 2. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co., Stuttgart. 1006 pp.; in German.   (RLL List # 159 / Rec. # 20405 - Recent Literature on Lichens) (Ramalina fraxinea, description: p. 801; photo: p. 799)

• USDA Plants Database

• North American Lichen Checklist, Version (#17) 16 May 2011

• Index Fungorum

• MycoBank

• Flechtenbilder (Lichen Images) by Ulrich Kirschbaum - Ramalina fraxinea

• The Lichen Herbarium, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Norway (Photo Gallery) - Ramalina fraxinea

• Lichen Gallery of Leif & Anita Stridvall - Ramalina fraxinea

• Irish lichens (photos and descriptions) - Ramalina fraxinea