Opuntia ficus-indica

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Caryophyllales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Ordo: Caryophyllales

Familia: Cactaceae
Subfamilia: Opuntioideae
Tribus: Opuntieae
Genus: Opuntia
Series: O. ser. Opuntia
Species: Opuntia ficus-indica

Name

Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8, Opuntia no. 2 (1768).

Synonyms

Basionym
- Cactus ficus-indica L., Sp. Pl. 1: 468 (1753).
  - Neotype: Herb. Linn. No. 201.7 (S), designated by Leuenberger (1991): 624.
Homotypic
- Cactus opuntia var. ficus-indica (L.) DC., Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp.: 13 (1813).
- Platyopuntia ficus-indica (L.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 403 (1980).
Heterotypic
- Cactus opuntia L., Sp. Pl.: 468 (1753).
  - Lectotype (designated by Leuenberger 1993): Burser Herbarium 24: 26 (UPS).
  - Opuntia opuntia (L.) H.Karst., Deutsche Fl.: 888 (1882), nom. inval.
- Opuntia maxima Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8: Opuntia No. 5 (1768).
- Cactus ficus Thunb., Fl. Jap.: 198 (1784).
- Cactus compressus Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 348 (1796), nom. illeg.
  - Opuntia compressa (Salisb.) J.F.Macbr., Contr. Gray Herb. 65: 41 (1922).
- Cactus lanceolatus Haw., Misc. Nat.: 188 (1803).
  - Opuntia lanceolata (Haw.) Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ.: 192 (1812).
- Cactus decumanus Willd., Enum. Pl., Suppl.: 84 (1814).
  - Opuntia decumana (Willd.) Haw., Saxifrag. Enum. 2: 71 (1821).
  - Opuntia ficus-indica var. decumana (Willd.) Speg., Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 512 (1905).
  - Opuntia ficus-indica f. decumana (Willd.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 51 (1907).
- Cactus elongatus Willd., Enum. Pl., Suppl.: 34 (1814).
  - Opuntia elongata (Willd.) Haw., Suppl. Pl. Succ.: 81 (1819).
  - Opuntia ficus-indica var. elongata Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 51 (1907).
- Opuntia crassa Haw., Suppl. Pl. Succ.: 81 (1819).
- Cactus maximus Colla, Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino 33: 140 (1826).
- Opuntia amyclaea Ten., Fl. Neapol. Prodr. App. 5: 15 (1826).
  - Opuntia ficus-indica f. amyclaea (Ten.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 51 (1907).
  - Opuntia ficus-indica var. amyclaea (Ten.) A.Berger, Hort. Mortol.: 411 (1912).
- Cactus opuntia var. latifolius Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 172 (1826).
- Opuntia caespitosa Raf. in Seringe, Bull. Bot.: 216 (1830).
- Opuntia parvula Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck.: 364 (1834).
- Opuntia leucostata J.Forbes, Hort. Tour Germ.: 160 (1837), nom. inval.
- Opuntia glaberrima Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 158 (1837).
- Opuntia glauca Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 153 (1837).
- Opuntia crassa var. major Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 153 (1837).
- Opuntia mexicana Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 150 (1837).
- Opuntia umbrella Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2(2-5): 222 (1841).
- Opuntia alfagayucca Karw. ex Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1844: 68 (1845).
- Opuntia elongata var. laevior Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 242 (1850).
- Opuntia megacantha var. tenuispina Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 68 (1850).
- Opuntia arkansana Engelm. ex Hirscht, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 8: 115 (1898).
- Opuntia gymnocarpa F.A.C.Weber, Dict. Hort.: 893 (1898).
  - Opuntia ficus-indica var. gymnocarpa (F.A.C.Weber) Speg., Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 512 (1905).
  - Opuntia ficus-indica f. gymnocarpa (F.A.C.Weber) Schelle, Kakteen: 66 (1926).
- Opuntia labouretiana K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 717 (1898).
- Opuntia paraguayensis K.Schum., Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 9: 149 (1899).
- Opuntia cordobensis Speg., Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 513 (1905).
  - Platyopuntia cordobensis (Speg.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 403 (1980).
- Opuntia fusicaulis Griffiths, Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 19: 271 (1908).
- Opuntia ficus-barbarica A.Berger, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 181 (1912).
- Opuntia tribuloides Griffiths, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 137 (1913).
- Opuntia undosa Griffiths, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 139 (1913).
- Opuntia obovata Griffiths, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 46: 202 (1919).
- Opuntia tuna-blanca Speg., Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 99: 107 (1925).
- Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten Makino, J. Jap. Bot. 7: 6 (1931).
- Opuntia ficus-indica var. alba Borg, Cacti 80 (1937).
- Opuntia ficus-indica var. asperma Borg, Cacti 80 (1937).
- Opuntia ficus-indica var. lutea Borg, Cacti 80 (1937).
- Opuntia ficus-indica var. rubra Borg, Cacti 80 (1937).
- Opuntia ficus-indica var. pyriformis Borg, Cacti 80 (1937).
- Opuntia ficus-indica var. serotina Borg, Cacti 80 (1937).
- Opuntia ficus-indica f. reticulata Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 10 (1957) ["1956"].
- Platyopuntia apurimacensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1257 (1981).
  - Opuntia apurimacensis (F.Ritter) R.Crook & Mottram, Bradleya 13: 100 (1995).
- Opuntia leiascheinvariana Martínez-Gonz. & Gallegos, Bot. Sci. 93: 519 (2015).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe
- Regional: Southwestern Europe
  - Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Spain.
- Regional: Southeastern Europe
  - Albania, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Yugoslavia.
Continental: Africa
- Regional: Northern Africa
  - Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Western Sahara.
- Regional: Macaronesia
  - Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Madeira.
- Regional: West Tropical Africa
  - Benin.
- Regional: West-Central Tropical Africa
  - Rwanda, Zaire.
- Regional: Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan.
- Regional: East Tropical Africa
  - Kenya.
- Regional: South Tropical Africa
  - Angola.
- Regional: Southern Africa
  - Cape Provinces, Lesotho, KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, Northern Provinces.
- Regional: Middle Atlantic Ocean
  - St.Helena.
Continental: Asia-Temperate
- Regional: Western Asia
  - Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Turkey.
- Regional: Arabian Peninsula
  - Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
- Regional: China
  - China South-Central, Hainan, China Southeast, Tibet.
- Regional: Eastern Asia
  - Korea.
Continental: Asia-Tropical
- Regional: Indian Subcontinent
  - Assam, Bangladesh, India.
Continental: Australasia
- Regional: Australia
  - New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria.
Continental: Pacific
- Regional: North-Central Pacific
  - Hawaii.
Continental: Northern America
- Regional: Southwestern U.S.A.
  - Arizona, California.
- Regional: South-Central U.S.A.
  - New Mexico.
- Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Florida.
- Regional: Mexico
  - Mexico Central, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southwest.
Continental: Southern America
- Regional: Central America
  - El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras.
- Regional: Caribbean
  - Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, Trinidad-Tobago.
- Regional: Western South America
  - Bolivia, Colombia, Galápagos.
- Regional: Brazil
  - Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast, Brazil South.
- Regional: Southern South America
  - Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Paraguay.
Note: Grey script indicates introduced occurrences.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

References

Primary references

Miller, P. 1768. The Gardeners Dictionary: containing the best and newest methods of cultivating and improving the kitchen, fruit, flower garden, and nursery. Ed. 8, 3 volumes (without pagination), John & Francis Rivington, London. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.541 Reference page.

Additional references

Korotkova, N., Aquino, D., Arias, S., Eggli, U., Franck, A. , Gómez-Hinostrosa, C., Guerrero, P.C., Hernández, H.M., Kohlbecker, A., Köhler, M., Luther, K., Majure, L.C., Müller, A., Metzing, D., Nyffeler, R., Sánchez, D., Schlumpberger, B. & Berendsohn, W.G. 2021. Cactaceae at Caryophyllales. org–a dynamic online species-level taxonomic backbone for the family. Willdenowia 51(2): 251–270. DOI: 10.3372/wi.51.51208 Reference page.
Leuenberger, B.E. 1991. Interpretation and typification of Cactus ficus-indica L. and Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller (Cactaceae). Taxon 40(4): 621–627. DOI: 10.2307/1222775 Wiley Reference page.
Leuenberger, B.E. 1993. Interpretation and typification of Cactus opuntia L., Opuntia vulgaris Mill., and O. humifusa (Rafin.) Rafin. (Cactaceae). Taxon 42(2): 419–429. DOI: 10.2307/1223152 Wiley Reference page.

Links

Korotkova, N. et al. 2022. Opuntia ficus-indica in Cactaceae at Caryophyllales.org. A global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. Published online. Accessed: 2022 Jan 05. Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Opuntia ficus-indica in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 Jan 05. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2022. Opuntia ficus-indica. Published online. Accessed: Jan 05 2022.
Tropicos.org 2022. Opuntia ficus-indica. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 05 Jan 2022.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Opuntia ficus-indica in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 08-Apr-12.
Opuntia ficus-indica – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
USDA NRCS PLANTS Profile
Wunderlin, R.P. & Hansen, B.F. 2008. Opuntia ficus-indica in Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants. Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa. Published online. Accessed: 2015 Apr 23.
Tela Botanica (ed.) 2000 onwards: Tela Botanica. Le réseau de la botanique francophone. eFlore. Opuntia ficus-indica. Association Tela Botanica, Montpellier, France. Accessed: 2015 Apr 23.

Vernacular names

Afrikaans: Turksvy
Deutsch: Echter Feigenkaktus
Ελληνικά: Φραγκόσυκο
English: Indian Fig
español: Tuna
suomi: Viikunaopuntia
français: Figuier de Barbarie
hts: Mohera
magyar: Közönséges fügekaktusz
italiano: Fico d'india
日本語: ウチワサボテン
한국어: 보검선인장
Malti: Bajtar tax-Xewk
sardu: Figu morisca
Türkçe: Hint inciri

For more multimedia, look at Opuntia ficus-indica on Wikimedia Commons.