Abies alba

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Abies alba is listed as Least Concern.

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Pinales
Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Divisio: Tracheophyta Divisio: Pinophyta Classis: Pinopsida Ordo: Pinales

Familia: Pinaceae
Genus: Abies
Sectio: A. sect. Abies
Species: Abies alba

Name

Abies alba Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8: Abies No. 1 (1768).

Synonyms

Replaced synonym
- Pinus picea L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1001 (1753).
  - Lectotypus: Herb. Clifford: 449, Abies 2 (BM-000647435), designated by Farjon & Jarvis in Greuter (ed.), Regnum Veg. 128: 110 (1993).
Homotypic
- Abies picea (L.) Lindl., Penny Cyclop. 1: 29 (1833), nom. illeg., non Mill. (1768)
- Pinus alba (Mill.) Münchh., Hausvater 5 (1): 222 (1770)
Heterotypic
- Abies taxifolia Duhamel, Traité Arbr. Arbust. 1: 3 (1755), opus utique oppr.
- Pinus abies Du Roi, Diss. Inaug. Obs. Bot.: 39 (1771), nom. illeg., non L. (1753)
- Pinus pectinata Lam., Fl. Franç. 2: 202 (1779).
  - Abies pectinata (Lam.) DC. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck & A.P.de Candolle, Fl. Franç., ed. 3, 3: 276 (1805), nom. illeg., non Gilib. (1792)
  - Picea pectinata (Lam.) Loudon, Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2329 (1838).
  - Pinus abies var. pectinata (Lam.) Christ, Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 3: 542 (1863).
- Abies minor Gilib., Exerc. Phyt. 2: 412 (1792), opus utique oppr.
- Pinus lucida Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 399 (1796).
- Abies vulgaris Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 6: 514 (1804).
- Pinus baldensis Zuccagni, Cent. Observ. Pl. 1: 46 (1806).
  - Abies baldensis (Zuccagni) Zucc. ex Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur.: 674 (1881).
- Abies taxifolia Desf., Hort. Par. 3: 356 (1809).
- Peuce abies Rich., Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 16: 298 (1810).
- Abies nobilis A.Dietr., Fl. Berlin 2: 793 (1824).
- Abies excelsa Link, Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1827: 182 (1827), nom. illeg.
- Abies taxifolia Raf., New Fl. 1: 38 (1836).
- Abies argentea Chambray, Traité Prat. Arbr. Résin. Conif.: 17 (1845).
- Abies candicans Fisch. ex Endl., Syn. Conif.: 96 (1847).
- Pinus heterophylla K.Koch, Linnaea 22: 295 (1849).
- Picea excelsa Wender., Pfl. Bot. Gärt. 1(Conif.): 11 (1851), nom. illeg.
- Picea kukunaria Wender., Pfl. Bot. Gärt.: 11 (1851).
- Picea metensis Gordon, Pinetum: 152 (1858).
- Picea rinzi Gordon & Glend., Pinetum: 152 (1858), pro syn.
- Abies rinzii K.Koch, Dendrologie 2(2): 218 (1873).
- Abies metensis Gordon & Glend., Pinetum, ed. 2: 211 (1875).
- Abies miniata Knight ex Gordon, Pinetum, ed. 2: 8 (1875).
- Abies chlorocarpa Purk. ex Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur.: 674 (1881).
- Picea tenuifolia Beissn., Handb. Nadelholzk.: 433 (1891).
- Abies abies Rusby, Bull. Pharm. (Paris), reimpr.: 16 (1892), nom. inval.
- Abies alba var. podolica R.I.Schröd., Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 1899: 121 (1899).
- Abies tenuirifolia Beissn., Handb. Nadelholzk.: 121 (1909).
- Abies duplex Hormuz. ex Beissn., Handb. Nadelholzk., ed. 3: 110 (1930).
- Abies alba subsp. apennina Brullo, Scelsi & Spamp., Veg. Aspromonte: 41 (2001).
- Abies alba var. glauca Gordon, Pinetum: 3 (1855).
- Abies pectinata var. pendula Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif.: 207 (1855).
  - Picea pectinata var. pendula (Carrière) Godefroy ex Gordon & Glend., Pinetum: 153 (1858).
  - Abies pectinata f. pendula (Carrière) Conw., Abh. Landesk. Prov. Westpreussen 9: 161 (1895).
  - Abies alba lusus pendula (Carrière) Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 1: 191 (1897).
  - Pinus picea f. pendula (Carrière) Voss in K.Putlitz & L.Meyer, Landlexikon 4: 774 (1913).
  - Abies alba f. pendula (Carrière) Rehder, Bibl. Cult. Trees: 11 (1949).
- Abies pectinata var. pyramidalis Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif.: 207 (1855).
  - Abies alba f. pyramidalis (Carrière) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3, 1: 1237 (1896).
  - Pinus picea f. pyramidalis (Carrière) Voss in K.Putlitz & L.Meyer, Landlexikon 4: 774 (1913).
- Abies pectinata var. columnaris Carrière, Rev. Hort. (Paris), sér. 4, 8: 39 (1859).
  - Abies alba var. columnaris (Carrière) C.K.Schneid. in E.E.Silva Tarouca, Uns. Freil.-Nadelhölzer: 151 (1913).
  - Pinus picea f. columnaris (Carrière) Voss in K.Putlitz & L.Meyer, Landlexikon 4: 774 (1913).
  - Abies alba f. columnaris (Carrière) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 55 (1919).
- Picea pyramidalis Gordon, Pinetum, Suppl.: 49 (1862).
- Abies pectinata var. pendula-gracilis Sénécl., Conifères: 14 (1868).
- Abies alba var. aurea auct., Garden (London 1871-1927) 5: 231 (1874).
- Abies alba compacta Parsons, Cat. 1887: 65 (1887).
  - Abies alba f. compacta (Parsons) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 204 (1925).
  - Abies alba var. compacta (Parsons) Rehder, Man. Cult. Trees: 34 (1927).
- Abies alba var. brevifolia Mattf., Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 1925: 22 (1925).
- Abies pardei Gaussen, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 57: 358 (1928 publ. 1929).
  - Abies alba var. pardei (Gaussen) Silba, Phytologia 68: 9 (1990).
  - Abies alba subsp. pardei (Gaussen) Silba, J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15: 36 (2008).
- Abies pardei subsp. pancicii Rac & Lovrić, Simpoz. Proucavanje Biljnog Zivotinjskog Sveta sa Aspekta Problema Zaštite i Unapredenja Zivotne Sredine Kragujevac: 80 (1988).

Homonyms

Abies alba (Castigl.) Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 207 (1803), nom. illeg. hom. vide Picea laxa (Münchh.) Sarg., Gard. & Forest 2: 496. (1890)

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe
- Regional: Northern Europe
  - Denmark, Great Britain, Norway, Sweden (introduced).
- Regional: Middle Europe
  - Austria, Belgium (introduced), Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Switzerland.
- Regional: Southwestern Europe
  - Corse, France, Portugal (introduced), Spain.
- Regional: Southeastern Europe
  - Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Romania, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia.
- Regional: Eastern Europe
  - Belarus, Ukraine.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

References

Primary references

Miller, P. 1768. The Gardeners Dictionary: containing the best and newest methods of cultivating and improving the kitchen, fruit, flower garden, and nursery. Ed. 8, 3 volumes (without pagination), John & Francis Rivington, London. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.541 Reference page.

Additional references

Greuter, W. (ed.) 1993. Names in current use in the families Trichocomaceae, Cladoniaceae, Pinaceae, and Lemnaceae. Regnum Vegetabile 128: 1–150. Reference page.
Jarvis, C.E. 2007. Order out of Chaos: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types. London: Linnean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum, ISBN 978-0-9506207-7-0, p. 745. Online. Reference page.

Links

Farjon, A. 2017. Abies alba. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017. IUCN Red List Category: Least Concern . DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T42270A83978869.en.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2023. Abies alba in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2023 Feb 20. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2023. Abies alba. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 20 Feb 2023.
International Plant Names Index. 2023. Abies alba. Published online. Accessed: 20 Feb 2023.
Hassler, M. 2023. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Abies alba. Accessed: 20 Feb 2023.
Euro+Med 2006 onwards: Abies alba in Euro+Med PlantBase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published online. Accessed: 2023 Feb 20.

Vernacular names

Alemannisch: Weisstanne
aragonés: Abet común
العربية: شوح أبيض
azərbaycanca: Avropa ağ şamı
беларуская (тарашкевіца): Піхта белая
беларуская: Піхта белая
български: Обикновена ела
català: Avet blanc
corsu: Ghjaddicu
kaszëbsczi: Zwëczajnô jedlëna
čeština: Jedle bělokorá
Cymraeg: Ffynidwydden arian
dansk: Almindelig Ædelgran
Deutsch: Weiß-Tanne
dolnoserbski: Běła jedła
Ελληνικά: Λευκή ελάτη
English: European Silver Fir
Esperanto: Blanka abio
español: Abeto blanco
eesti: Euroopa nulg
euskara: Izei zuri
فارسی: نراد نقره‌ای
suomi: Saksanpihta
arpetan: Vârnyo
français: Sapin blanc
Gaeilge: Giúis gheal
galego: Abeto branco
hrvatski: Obična jela
hornjoserbsce: Běła jědla
magyar: Közönséges jegenyefenyő
íslenska: Evrópuþinur
italiano: Abete bianco
日本語: ヨーロッパモミ
перем коми: Чочком ньыв
кыргызча: Аккарагай
lietuvių: Europinis kėnis
македонски: Сребрена ела
Nederlands: Gewone Zilverspar
norsk: Vanlig Edelgran
occitan: Avet blanc
polski: Jodła pospolita
română: Brad argintiu
русский: Пихта белая
srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски: Jela
slovenčina: Jedľa biela
slovenščina: Bela jelka
shqip: Bredhi i bardhë
српски / srpski: Европска јела
svenska: Silvergran
Türkçe: Orta Avrupa göknarı
удмурт: Тӧдьы ньылпу
українська: Ялиця біла
vèneto: Tana
ייִדיש: ווײַסיאָדלע
中文: 銀冷杉

For more multimedia, look at Abies alba on Wikimedia Commons.