User:MeritedElm63160/Help:IPA
Here is a basic key to the symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Several rare IPA symbols are not included. These IPA symbols are found in the main IPA article.
| Contents: | Top – 0-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z |
|---|
Main symbols
[change | change source]| Symbol | Examples |
|---|---|
^ top A
| |
[a] ( listen)
|
German Mann, French gare |
| [ä] (listen)
|
Mandarin 他 tā, American English father, Spanish casa, French patte |
| [ɐ] (listen)
|
RP cut, German Kaiserslautern |
| [ɑ] (listen)
|
RP father, French pâte, Dutch bad |
| [ɑ̃] (listen)
|
French Caen, sans, temps |
| [ɒ] (listen)
|
RP cot |
| [ʌ] (listen)
|
American English cut |
| [æ] (listen)
|
RP cat |
^ top B
| |
| [b] (listen)
|
English babble |
| [ɓ] (listen)
|
Swahili bwana |
| [β] (listen)
|
Spanish la Bamba, Kinyarwanda abana "children", Korean 무궁화 [muɡuŋβwa̠] mugunghwa |
| [ʙ] (listen)
|
Nias simbi [siʙi] "lower jaw" |
^ top C
| |
| [c] (listen)
|
Turkish kebap "kebab", Czech stín "shadow", Greek και "and" |
| [ç] (listen)
|
German Ich |
| [ɕ] (listen)
|
Mandarin 西安 Xi'an, Polish ściana |
| [ɔ] (listen)
|
see under O |
^ top D
| |
| [d] (listen)
|
English dad |
| [ɗ] (listen)
|
Swahili Dodoma |
| [ɖ] (listen)
|
American English harder |
| [ð] (listen)
|
English the, bathe |
| [dz] (listen)
|
English adds, Italian zero |
| [dʒ] (listen)
|
English judge |
| [dʑ] (listen)
|
Polish niedźwiedź "bear" |
| [dʐ] (listen)
|
Polish dżem "jam" |
^ top E
| |
| [e] (listen)
|
Spanish fe; French clé, German Klee |
| [ɘ] (listen)
|
Australian English bird |
| [ə] (listen)
|
English above, Hindi ठग [ʈʰəɡ] (thug) "thief" |
| [ɚ] (listen)
|
American English runner |
| [ɛ] (listen)
|
English bet |
| [ɛ̃] (listen)
|
French Saint-Étienne, vin, main |
| [ɜ] (listen)
|
RP bird (long) |
| [ɝ] (listen)
|
American English bird |
^ top F
| |
| [f] (listen)
|
English fun |
| [ɟ] (listen)
|
see under J |
| [ʄ] (listen)
|
see under J |
^ top G
| |
| [ɡ] (listen)
|
English gag |
| [ɠ] (listen)
|
Swahili Uganda |
| [ɢ] (listen)
|
|
| [ʒ] (listen)
|
see under Z |
^ top H
| |
| [h] (listen)
|
American English house |
| [ɦ] (listen)
|
English ahead, when said quickly. |
| [ʰ] | |
| [ħ] (listen)
|
Arabic مُحَمَّد Muhammad |
| [ɥ] (listen)
|
see under Y |
| [ɮ] (listen)
|
see under L |
^ top I
| |
| [i] (listen)
|
English sea, French ville, Spanish Valladolid |
| [ɪ] (listen)
|
English sit |
| [ɨ] (listen)
|
Russian ты "you" |
^ top J
| |
| [j] (listen)
|
English yes, hallelujah, German Junge |
| [ʲ] | In Russian Ленин [ˈlʲenʲɪn] |
| [ʝ] (listen)
|
Spanish cayo (some dialects) |
| [ɟ] (listen)
|
Turkish gör "see", Czech díra "hole" |
| [ʄ] (listen)
|
Swahili jambo |
^ top K
| |
| [k] (listen)
|
English kick, skip |
^ top L
| |
| [l] (listen)
|
English leaf |
| [ɫ] (listen)
|
English wool Russian малый [ˈmɑɫɨj] "small" |
| [ɬ] (listen)
|
Welsh llwyd [ɬʊɪd] "grey" Zulu hlala [ɬaːla] "sit" |
| [ɭ] (listen)
|
|
| [ɺ] (listen)
|
|
| [ɮ] (listen)
|
Zulu dla "eat" |
| [ʟ] (listen)
|
|
^ top M
| |
| [m] (listen)
|
English mime |
| [ɱ] (listen)
|
English symphony |
| [ɯ] (listen)
|
see under W |
| [ʍ] (listen)
|
see under W |
^ top N
| |
| [n] (listen)
|
English nun |
| [ŋ] (listen)
|
English sing, Māori nga |
| [ɲ] (listen)
|
Spanish Peña, French champagne |
| [ɳ] (listen)
|
Hindi वरुण [ʋəruɳ] Varuna |
| [ɴ] (listen)
|
Castilian Spanish Don Juan [doɴˈχwan] |
^ top O
| |
| [o] (listen)
|
Spanish no, French eau, German Boden |
| [ɔ] (listen)
|
German Oldenburg, French Garonne |
| [ɔ̃] (listen)
|
French Lyon, son |
| [ø] (listen)
|
French feu, bœufs, German Goethe |
| [ɵ] (listen)
|
Dutch hut, French je, Swedish dum |
| [œ] (listen)
|
French bœuf, seul, German Göttingen |
| [œ̃] (listen)
|
French brun, parfum |
| [ɶ] (listen)
|
|
| [θ] (listen)
|
see under Others |
| [ɸ] (listen)
|
see under Others |
^ top P
| |
| [p] (listen)
|
English pip |
^ top Q
| |
| [q] (listen)
|
Arabic قُرْآن Qur’ān |
^ top R
| |
| [r] (listen)
|
Spanish perro, Scots borrow |
| [ɾ] (listen)
|
Spanish pero, Tagalog daliri, Malay kabar, American English kitty/kiddie |
| [ʀ] (listen)
|
Dutch rood and German rot (some speakers) |
| [ɽ] (listen)
|
Hindi साड़ी [sɑːɽiː] "sari" |
| [ɹ] (listen)
|
RP borrow |
| [ɻ] (listen)
|
Mandarin 人民日报 R��nmín Rìbào "People's Daily", American English borrow, butter |
| [ʁ] (listen)
|
French Paris, German Riemann (some dialects) |
^ top S
| |
| [s] (listen)
|
English sass |
| [ʃ] (listen)
|
English shoe |
| [ʂ] (listen)
|
Mandarin 少林 (Shàolín), Russian Пушкин (Pushkin) |
^ top T
| |
| [t] (listen)
|
English tot, stop |
| [ʈ] (listen)
|
Hindi ठग [ʈʰəɡ] (thug) "thief" |
| [ts] (listen)
|
English cats, Russian царь tsar |
| [tʃ] (listen)
|
English church |
| [tɕ] (listen)
|
Mandarin 北京 Běijīng (listen (help·info)), Polish ciebie "you"
|
| [tʂ] (listen)
|
Mandarin 真正 zhēnzhèng, Polish czas |
^ top U
| |
| [u] (listen)
|
American English food, French vous "you", German Schumacher |
| [ʊ] (listen)
|
English foot, German Bundesrepublik |
| [ʉ] (listen)
|
Australian English food (long) |
| [ɥ] (listen)
|
see under Y |
| [ɯ] (listen)
|
see under W |
^ top V
| |
| [v] (listen)
|
English verve |
| [ʋ] (listen)
|
Hindi वरुण [ʋəruɳə] "Varuna" |
| [ɤ] (listen)
|
see under Y |
| [ɣ] (listen)
|
see under Y |
| [ʌ] (listen)
|
see under A |
^ top W
| |
| [w] (listen)
|
English wow |
| [ʷ] | |
| [ʍ] (listen)
|
what (some dialects) |
| [ɯ] (listen)
|
Turkish kayık "caïque", Scottish Gaelic gaol |
| [ɰ] (listen)
|
Spanish agua |
^ top X
| |
| [x] (listen)
|
Scottish English loch, German Bach, Russian хороший [xɐˈroʂɨj] "good", Spanish joven |
| [χ] (listen)
|
northern Standard Dutch Scheveningen, Castilian Spanish Don Juan [doɴˈχwan] |
^ top Y
| |
| [y] (listen)
|
French rue, German Bülow |
| [ʏ] (listen)
|
German Düsseldorf |
| [ɣ] (listen)
|
Arabic غَالِي ghālī and Swahili ghali "expensive", Spanish suegro |
| [ɤ] (listen)
|
Mandarin 河南 Hénán, Scottish Gaelic taigh |
| [ʎ] (listen)
|
Italian tagliatelle |
| [ɥ] (listen)
|
French lui |
^ top Z
| |
| [z] (listen)
|
English zoo |
| [ʒ] (listen)
|
English vision, French journal |
| [ʑ] (listen)
|
old-styled Russian позже [ˈpoʑːe] "later", Polish źle |
| [ʐ] (listen)
|
Russian жир "fat" |
| [ɮ] (listen)
|
see under L |
^ top Others
| |
| [θ] (listen)
|
English thigh, bath |
| [ɸ] (listen)
|
Japanese 富士 [ɸɯdʑi] Fuji, Māori [ˌɸaːɾeːˈnuiː] wharenui |
| [ʔ] (listen)
|
English uh-oh, Hawai‘i, German die Angst |
| [ʕ] (listen)
|
Arabic عَرَبِيّ ʻarabī "Arabic" |
| [ǀ] (listen)
|
English tsk-tsk! or tut-tut!, Zulu icici "earring" |
| [ǁ] (listen)
|
English tchick! tchick!, Zulu ixoxo "frog" |
| [ǃ] (listen)
|
Zulu iqaqa "polecat" |
| [ʘ] (listen)
|
ǂ’Amkoe ʘoa "two" |
| [ǂ] (listen)
|
Khoekhoe ǂgā-amǃnâ [ǂàʔám̀ᵑǃã̀] "to put in the mouth" |
Marks added to letters
[change | change source]Several marks can be added above, below, before or after letters. The complete list is shown at International Phonetic Alphabet § Diacritics and prosodic notation.
| Symbol | Example |
|---|---|
| Signs above a letter | |
| [ã] | French vin blanc [vɛ̃ blɑ̃] "white wine" |
| [ä] | Portuguese vá [vä] "go" |
| Signs below a letter | |
| [a̯] | English cow [kʰaʊ̯], koi [kʰɔɪ̯] |
| [n̥] | English boy [b̥ɔɪ̯], doe [d̥oʊ̯]
(see also) |
| [n̩] | English button |
| [d̪] | Spanish dos, French deux |
| Signs next to a letter | |
| [kʰ] | English come |
| [k’] | Zulu ukuza "come" |
| [aː] | English shh! [ʃː] |
| [aˑ] | RP caught [ˈkʰɔˑt] |
| [ˈa] | pronunciation [pɹ̥əʊ̯ˌnɐnsiˈeɪʃn̩] |
| [ˌa] | |
| [.] | English courtship [ˈkʰɔrt.ʃɪp] |
Computer input using on-screen keyboard
[change | change source]Online IPA keyboard utilities are available.
For iOS there are free IPA keyboard layouts, e.g. IPA Phonetic Keyboard.
Related pages
[change | change source]Other websites
[change | change source]- Official interactive IPA chart with letter descriptions, audio, and input assist
- IPA pronunciation chart with audio
- MRI videos of production of the sounds of the IPA charts
- Ultrasound and MRI videos of production of the sounds of the IPA charts
- Getting JAWS 6.1 to recognize "exotic" Unicode symbols – for help on getting the screen reader JAWS to read IPA symbols
- IPA Reader – web-based IPA synthesizer using Amazon Polly
- Wikipedia IPA Speaker – Chrome extension