Surabaya

Surabaya
City
City of Surabaya Kota Surabaya
Regional transcription(s)
• Javanese	Suråbåyå (Gêdrig) سورابايا‎ (Pégon) ꦯꦸꦫꦨꦪ (Hånåcåråkå)
• Madurese	Sorbhâjâ (Latèn) سَوربۤاجۤا‎ (Pèghu) ꦯꦺꦴꦂꦨꦗ (Carakan)
• Chinese	泗水 Sìshuǐ (Pinyin) Sù-súi (Hokkien POJ) Si3 seoi2 (Jyutping)
Downtown Surabaya skyline Balai Pemuda Tunjungan Street Heroes Monument Hotel Majapahit
Flag Coat of arms
Nickname(s):  Kota Pahlawan (City of Heroes) Kota Baya (Brave City)
Motto(s):  Sura ing Baya (Old Javanese) "Brave in the Face of Danger"
Location within East Java
Surabaya Location in Java and Indonesia Show map of Java Surabaya Surabaya (Indonesia) Show map of Indonesia
Coordinates: 07°14′45″S 112°44′16″E / 7.24583°S 112.73778°E / -7.24583; 112.73778
Country	Indonesia
Region	Java
Province	East Java
Settled	1037[1]
Founded	31 May 1293[2]
Incorporated	1 April 1906 (as Gemeente)[3]
Government
• Type	Surabaya City Government
• Mayor	Eri Cahyadi (PDI-P)
• Vice Mayor	Armuji
Area
• City	350.56 km2 (135.35 sq mi)
• Urban	911 km2 (352 sq mi)
• Metro	5,925 km2 (2,288 sq mi)
Elevation	5 m (16 ft)
Population  (mid 2023 estimate[4])
• City	3,009,286 (2nd)
• Urban [5]	6,556,000 (3rd)
• Urban density	7,134/km2 (18,480/sq mi)
• Metro [6]	9,958,656 (2nd)
• Metro density	1,615/km2 (4,180/sq mi)
Demonyms	Surabayan
Demographics
• Ethnic groups (2017 estimates)[7]	List 83.68% Javanese 7.50% Madurese 7.25% Chinese 1.57% Arabs and Others
• Religion[8]	List 82.49% Islam 11.90% Protestantism 3.91% Catholicism 1.42% Buddhism 0.25% Hinduism 0.02% Confucianism 0.01% Others
Time zone	UTC+07:00
Postal Code	60111 – 60299
Area code	(+62) 31
Vehicle registration	L
Nominal GDP[9]	2023
- Total	Rp 715.294 trillion (2nd) US$ 46.928 billion Int$ 150.294 billion (PPP)
- Per capita	Rp 245,685 thousand (5th) US$ 16,118 Int$ 51,622 (PPP)
- Metro	Rp 2,037.09 trillion US$ 133.647 billion Int$ 428.025 billion (PPP)
- Growth	6.1%
HDI (2024)	0.841 (10th) very high
Largest district by area	Sukolilo – 30.15 square kilometres (11.64 sq mi)
Largest district by population	Tambaksari (226,136 – 2022 est)
Website	surabaya.go.id

Surabaya ^[a] the second largest city in Indonesia, is the capital of East Java. The meaning of Surabaya is combination of sura meaning shark and baya meaning crocodile. There are about 3 million people living in Surabaya and they speak a dialect of Javanese called Suroboyoan. Surabaya is the second largest city in Indonesia after Jakarta. Surabaya is located on the edge of the northern coast of Java Island and dealing with the Madura Strait and Java Sea.

There are many museums and monuments that represents and shows the history of Surabaya.

The House of Sampoerna is a museum that exhibits from the story of the founder of Sampoerna, Liem Seeng Tee to history of tobacco making. One part of the museum shows the history of how this place was found. It starts from Seeng Tee moving to Indonesia after the death of his wife until how he found the old building of Dutch-supported orphanage. There are displays of Seeng Tee’s old objects such as his bicycle, motorcycle, and equipment and objects related to tobacco. There is a tobacco plant within the building where 3,500 women are rolling Dji Sam Soe cigarettes.

Gereja Perawan Maria Tak Berdosa is a Catholic church. It is one of the old buildings left from during the Dutch invasion in the 18th century. It is the oldest church in East Java. It has been preserved by the Dutch government in Indonesia. Despite the fact that it is old, the brick stones are undamaged. Without air-conditioning in the hot weather of Indonesia, the temperature inside the church is low and cool. Services were held since 1800s and it still continues today every Sunday in Chinese.

Surabaya is not only the second largest city in Indonesia but it is known as the “city of heroes” because of the role it played in the Battle of Surabaya in November 10, 1945. This monument Tugu Pahlawan, Heroes Monument, is the symbol of Surabaya and is built to respect the heroes who fought for independence. This rocket-like monument points towards the moon 41.15 meters high. Along with the monument, there is a museum where diorama of Surabaya in 1945 is displayed. History of Surabaya at that time could be seen through pictures, clips, and stories. There are other buildings surrounding the monument to depict the struggles Indonesians had to go through.

Health Museum of Dr. Adhyatma was built in 1990s in order to save and maintain nation's cultural heritage. This museum exhibits historical items related to health and items that are used today. In September 14, 2004, Minister of Health changed the name of the museum to "Health Museum of Dr. Adhyatma, MPH - MOH. There is a special library in the museum that displays materials such as books, magazines, tapes, and video recording that provides information about health studies. The museum also has different show rooms that displays different equipments used in the past and genealogy of royal families of Indonesia.

• Adi, Dhahana (2014). Surabaya Punya Cerita: Vol. 1, Volume 1 (in Indonesian). Yogyakarta: Indie Book Corner. ISBN 9786023090242.
• Airlangga University, Department of History (2013). Mengeja keseharian: Sejarah kehidupan masyarakat kota Surabaya (in Indonesian). Surabaya: Departemen Ilmu Sejarah UNAIR. ISBN 9789791854115.
• Akhmad Saiful Ali (1994). Ekspansi Mataram terhadap Surabaya Abad ke-17 (Thesis) (in Indonesian). Surabaya: Islamic Institute of Sunan Ampel.
• Basundoro, Purnawan (2013). Merebut Ruang Kota: Berita Seputar Automotive (in Indonesian). South Tangerang: CV Marjin Kiri. ISBN 9789791260220.^{[permanent dead link]}
• Dick, Howard W. (2002). Surabaya, City of Work: A Socioeconomic History, 1900–2000. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press. ISBN 978-0-89680-221-6.
• Ingleson, John (2014). Workers, Unions and Politics: Indonesia in the 1920s and 1930s. Boston: Brill Publishers. p. 12. ISBN 9789004264762. ISSN 2213-0527.
• Munoz, Paul Michel (2006). Early Kingdoms of the Indonesian Archipelago and the Malay Peninsula. Continental Sales, Incorporated. p. 246. ISBN 978-98-141-5567-0.
• Nasution (2006). Ekonomi Surabaya pada masa kolonial, 1830–1930 (in Indonesian). Pustaka Intelektual. ISBN 9789792506808.
• Padmodiwiryo, Suhario (2016). Revolution in the City of Heroes: A Memoir of the Battle That Sparked Indonesia's National Revolution. ReadHowYouWant.com. ISBN 978-1-5252-3028-8.
• Palmos, Frank (2016). Surabaya 1945: Sakral Tanahku. Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia. ISBN 9789794616383.
• Peters, Robbie (2013). Surabaya, 1945–2010: Neighbourhood, State and Economy in Indonesia's City of Struggle. Canberra: Asian Studies Association of Australia. ISBN 978-0-8248-3864-5.
• Pigeaud, Theodore Gauthier Thomas (1976). Islamic States in Java 1500–1700: Eight Dutch Books and Articles by Dr H. J. de Graaf. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. ISBN 978-90-247-1876-4.
• Pigeaud, Theodore Gauthier Thomas (1962). Java in the 14th Century: A Study in Cultural History (3rd ed.). Leiden: Springer Science Business Media. p. 243. ISBN 978-94-0177095-8.
• Ricklefs, M.C. (2008-09-11). A History of Modern Indonesia Since C.1200. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 46–48. ISBN 978-1-137-05201-8.^{[permanent dead link]}

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Surabaya.

• Surabaya travel guide from Wikivoyage
• "Official Site". Pemerintah Kota Surabaya (in Indonesian).
• "Surabaya News". otoresing.com (in Indonesian). 2015-12-09. Archived from the original on 2015-12-09.
• "Surabaya" . Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921.
• "Surabaya or Soerabaya. The largest city in Java" . New International Encyclopedia. 1905.