National anthem of Russia
| English: State Anthem of the Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
 The second stanza of the anthem on a Moscow billboard. | |
National anthem of Russia | |
| Lyrics | Sergei Mikhalkov, 2000 |
| Music | Alexander Alexandrov, 1939 |
| Adopted | December 25, 2000 (music) December 30, 2000 (lyrics)[1] |
| Audio sample | |
The national anthem of Russia, performed by the Presidential Orchestra of the Russian Federation | |
The State Anthem of the Russian Federation is the name of the national anthem of Russia. First used in 2001, the song's music is the same as that of the former State Anthem of the Soviet Union, which was composed by Alexander Alexandrov in 1938. The words were newly written by Sergey Mikhalkov in 2000, who also wrote the words for the Soviet national anthem back in 1943.[2][3][4]
History of Russian anthems
[change | change source]What is today the Russian Federation has had several different anthems over the years. The earliest of these, called "Let the Thunder of Victory Rumble!" was used in the late 18th to early 19th century. In 1816, the Russian Empire adopted "The Prayer of the Russians", whose melody was that of the British anthem "God Save the King". This anthem was used until 1833, when a new composition called "God Save the Tsar!" was chosen by Nicholas I, but did not became popular until 1837. Its melody became used in classical music such as Beethoven's Wellington's Victory and Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture.
"God Save the Tsar!" continued to be the national anthem until the February Revolution in March 1917, when an adaptation of the French national anthem, known as the "Worker's Marseillaise", was used for a short time. Later that year, when the October Revolution happened, the Bolsheviks adopted a Russian translation of "The Internationale", which became the national anthem of the Soviet Union when it was founded in 1922. This was replaced by the State Anthem of the Soviet Union with Alexandrov's music and Mikhalkov's lyrics in 1944. The lyrics were removed in 1953 after the death of Joseph Stalin, but a new set of lyrics were added in 1977.
While the republics of the Soviet Union had their own anthems during this time, the Russian SFSR did not, instead using the Soviet national anthem. However, in 1990, the Russian SFSR adopted a composition by Mikhail Glinka, known as "The Patriotic Song" as its state anthem. There were never any official words to this song. After the Soviet Union broke down in 1991, the president of the newly-formed Russian Federation, Boris Yeltsin, continued to use "The Patriotic Song" as the country's national anthem. When he was replaced by Vladimir Putin in 2000, the new president began to push for the melody of the old Soviet anthem to be brought back. Finally, in December of that year, the State Duma voted in favour of the music of the Soviet anthem, together with new lyrics by Mikhalkov, to be adopted as the national anthem, and the new anthem was performed for the first time during a ceremony at the Great Kremlin Palace just before the New Year.[5]
Lyrics
[change | change source]| Words of the song in Russian[4] | Spelling of these words written in the Latin alphabet | Pronunciation of these words using the IPA | Words of the song in English |
|---|---|---|---|
Россия – священная наша держава, |
Rossija – svjaščennaja naša deržava, |
[rɐ.ˈsʲi.ja svʲɪɕ.ˈɕɛn.na.ja ˈna.ʂa dʲɪr.ˈʐa.va ǀ] |
Russia is our holy and mighty country, |
In regional languages
[change | change source]Because Russia has so many different languages, the anthem has been translated into many of them. Due to the small amount of space, only the anthem's chorus in some of these languages is shown.
| Tatar | Chechen | Chuvash | Bashkir |
|---|---|---|---|
Ирекле Ватаныбызга дан, |
Сий дан, вайн маьрша мохк, |
Мухтава тух, Пирӗн ирӗклӗ Тӑван Ҫӗршыв, |
Беҙҙең азат ватаныбыҙ дан, |
| Sakha | Buryat | Udmurt | Avar |
|---|---|---|---|
Уруй-Айхал, биһиги дойдубутугар, |
Эрх сүлөөдэ эх ороноо алдаршуулаял |
Данъяськымон, шаерысьтымы асьсэзыз эрико, |
Мун машгьурлъизе те, нижер эркенаб улка, |
| Mordovian | Ossetian | Mari | Karachay-Balkar |
|---|---|---|---|
Гайкстак, масторонок, олячинь моросо, |
Кад дын, нӕ уарзон сӕрибар фыдыбӕстӕ! |
Чапландаралт, авамландына, йонтыдо, |
Махтау, бизни азат ата джурт, |
References
[change | change source]- ↑ Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 30.12.2000 N 2110
- ↑ Russia – nationalanthems.me
- ↑ Federal Constitutional Law on the National Anthem of the Russian Federation (2000-12-25)
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 30.12.2000 N 2110. Kremlin.ru.
- ↑ https://archive.today/20120907171727/http://www.montreal.mid.ru/inf_symb_e.html# Consulate-General of the Russian Federation in Montreal, Canada]
