Timzgida n Tinml

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Timzgida n Tinml
ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ - المسجد الأعظم بتينمل
Tawlaft n tmzgida zɣ bṛṛa.
AddadUr da tswuri
Adɣar
AḍwwaṛTinml
Imsidag irakaln30°59′5.4″N 8°13′42.1″W
Tamsdagt
AnawTimzgida
TamamktAmuwaḥḥidi, Amɣribi, Amuri, Amslm
AmkrasƐabd Al Mumin
Ma s tẓli
Taṣṣumɛt1
AmattiwLbrik

Tga tmzgida n TinmlTimzgida Taxatart n Tinml (illa daɣ mad as ittinin Tinmal) yat tmzgida n tasuta tis snat d mrawt, tlla ɣ yan usun ism nns ɣd nttan Tinml, ɣ Udrar n Drn ɣ Lmɣrib. Mqqar ɣ wass ad ur ar sul tswuruy zun d Tmzgid, iɣrban nns suln ar ɣil gan inagan f umzruy nns imqqurn, tsul ar dɣikk tga yan ɣ idɣarn imzrayn lli bahra ilan atig ɣ tmazirt. Tettyubna tmzgida ad ɣ udɣar lli ɣ ittumḍal Ibn Tumrt, amkras n umussu n imuwaḥḥidn. Tga tmzgida ad yan umdya axatar f tmsdagt tamwaḥdit.

Tkcm tmzgida n Tinml ɣ tlgamt n idɣarn n wayda amaḍlan n UNESCO zɣ usggʷas n 1995.[1]

Adɣar

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Tlla Tinml ɣ yat tizi taxatart ɣ utaram n idrarn n Waṭlas mqqurn ad tt igan d Tizi n Tst gr Mrrakc ɣ iẓẓlmḍ d tsga n Sus ɣ iffus. Tlla ɣ tsgiwin n idrarn n Tuggkal ɣ tsga yaḍn n wasif n Fiss lli d ittɛmmaṛn s waman akud nna iḍṛ unẓar, taggug s kra n 106 km ɣ iffus-ataram n tmdint n Mṛṛakc nɣ s kra n 55 km iffus-ataram n tmdint n Asni ɣ yat tattuyt n 1270 m ɣ ubrid n udrar R203, nna izrayn f Tizi n Tst ɣ umnid n Trudant.

Amzruy

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Tkka tt inn tga tamaẓunt tamzwarut n umussu amuwaḥḥidi nna mi iga Ibn Tumrt amkras. Iṣku imḍfaṛn nns ɣid ɣ 1124 nɣ 1125, d ɣinn ad tt inn ikkan iga tasila nna ɣ d ukin imrabṭn nna inbḍn tamazirt ɣ uzmz ann.[2][3] Yat tmzgida tamzwarut tettyubna ɣid ɣ uzmz ann nɣ imikk n tizi dffir.[4] Lliɣ immut Ibn Tumrt ɣ 1130, ittumḍal ɣinn, skrn middn g umḍl nns zun d kra n ḍḍariḥ asgdan d udɣar n lḥajj ḍaṛt mayad.[5] Ɛabd Al Mumin, lli d iɣʷin anbaḍ n imuwaḥḥidn ḍaṛt n tmttant n Ibn Tumrt, iɣts ad ibnu yat tmzgida tamaynut ɣ tama nɣ iggi n udɣar ad ɣ 1148, mk lli s ittyura s usddid ɣ warratn iqburn n uzmz ann[4][6]. Mqqar asakud n usadur n 1153-1154 lli ifka Rawḍ Al Qiṛṭas tsul tettubdar dar kigan.[2][7][8] Timzgida tamaynut irwas is tumẓ adɣar n Timzgid lli tt inn ɣid ikkan[5][6].

Tamsdagt

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Bṛṛa

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Taṣṣumɛt n tmzgida.

Trwas tuṣka ad ɣ bṛṛa nns kra n ugadir nɣ kra n tiɣrmt s iɣʷrban nns iḍnin ifrarn, anaw ad tẓli sis tamsdagt tamuwaḥḥidt, ar t nttafa ɣ tugt n tmzgadiwin nnsn. Tṭṭaf tuṣka ad yan uɣawas n tisfrin, yaẓ i ukuẓdis, gis 43 f 40 id mitru.[6] Yat tmẓlit nna s tẓli timzgid ad tga tt talɣa d waddud n tṣṣumɛt illan ɣ tuẓẓumt n uɣʷrab nns n yiffus ɣ yixf n tlimamt ; tamẓlit ad n usugn ur da tt nttafa ɣ tmzgadiwin timzrayin.[6] Tṭṭaf tṣṣumɛt yat tsila igan tunziɣant lli d ittffuɣn s bṛṛa zɣ uɣrab n bṛṛa lli lli as issutln, mac dars yat tfrist ibbin niɣ ur ikmmln, g unmgal da nttafa tiṣṣumɛin yaḍnin n imuwaḥḥidn mqqurnt, zurnt (zun d taṣṣumɛt n Kutubiyya g Mrrakc d Giralda g Icbilya). Timzgida gis sa n ikccumn: kraḍ ɣ tsga n lqblt d tggut d yan ukccum anammas ɣ iẓẓlmḍ.

Agʷns

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G ugʷns, timzgid ad dars yan unmala n igjda azurtan s yan usarag agnsan. Tadala n tẓallit tadslant tettubḍa f tẓa n id ṣaḥn (s tnglizt: Nave) (imikk zɣ tsga n iẓẓlmḍ ar iffus) s idrasn n tskiwin s uzzal n wayyis ifrsn.

Taskla

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  • Christian Ewert, Jens-Peter Wisshak: Die Moschee von Tinmal. (Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Madrid. Madrider Beiträge, 10) Zabern, Darmstadt 1985, ISBN 978-3-8053-0743-7.
  • Arnold Betten: Marokko. Antike, Berbertraditionen und Islam – Geschichte, Kunst und Kultur im Maghreb. DuMont, Ostfildern 2012, S. 254ff. ISBN 978-3-7701-3935-4.
  • Basset, H. et Terrasse, H. “Sanctuaires et forteresses almohades”, in Hespéris, 1924, pp. 9-91.
  • Marçais, G., L'architecture musulmane d'Occident, Paris, 1954, pp. 201-202.
  • Triki, H., Hassar-Benslimane, J., Touri, A., Tinmel, l'épopée almohade, Casablanca, 1992.

Ɣr uggar

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Isaɣuln

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Tẓḍart ad tẓṛt uggar f Timzgida mqqurn n Tinml ɣ usnfar n Commons.

  1. Mosquée de Tinmel - UNESCO
  2. 2,0 et 2,1 Bennison, Amira K. (2016). The Almoravid and Almohad Empires. Edinburgh University Press
  3. Abun-Nasr, Jamil (1987). A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 89–90, 106. ISBN 0521337674.
  4. 4,0 et 4,1 Salmon, Xavier (2018). Maroc Almoravide et Almohade: Architecture et décors au temps des conquérants, 1055-1269. Paris: LienArt
  5. 5,0 et 5,1 Lakhdar, Kamal. "Tinmel Mosque". Discover Islamic Art, Museum With No Frontiers. Retrieved November 14, 2020
  6. 6,0 6,1 6,2 et 6,3 Bloom, Jonathan M. (2020). Architecture of the Islamic West: North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, 700–1800. Yale University Press. pp. 123–127
  7. Dodds, Jerrilynn D., ed. (1992). Al-Andalus: The Art of Islamic Spain. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp. 87–93. ISBN 0870996371.
  8. "Qantara - The Tinmel Mosque". www.qantara-med.org. Retrieved 2020-11-15.
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