William Ewart Gladstone

William Ewart Gladstone
The Richt Honourable; William Ewart Gladstone; FRS FSS
Prime Meenister o the Unitit Kinrick
	In office; 15 August 1892 – 2 Mairch 1894
Monarch	Victoria
Precedit bi	The Marquess o Salisbury
Succeedit bi	The Yerl o Rosebery
	In office; 1 Februar 1886 – 20 Julie 1886
Monarch	Victoria
Precedit bi	The Marquess o Salisbury
Succeedit bi	The Marquess o Salisbury
	In office; 23 Aprile 1880 – 9 Juin 1885
Monarch	Victoria
Precedit bi	The Yerl o Beaconsfield
Succeedit bi	The Marquess o Salisbury
	In office; 3 December 1868 – 17 Februar 1874
Monarch	Victoria
Precedit bi	Benjamin Disraeli
Succeedit bi	Benjamin Disraeli
Laird Privy Seal
	In office; 15 August 1892 – 2 Mairch 1894
Precedit bi	The Yerl Cadogan
Succeedit bi	The Laird Tweedmouth
	In office; 1 Februar 1886 – 20 Julie 1886
Precedit bi	The Yerl o Harrowby
Succeedit bi	The Yerl Cadogan
Leader o the Opposeetion
	In office; 20 Julie 1886 – 11 August 1892
Monarch	Victoria
Precedit bi	The Marquess o Salisbury
Succeedit bi	The Marquess o Salisbury
	In office; 9 Juin 1885 – 28 Januar 1886
Monarch	Victoria
Precedit bi	The Yerl o Beaconsfield
Succeedit bi	The Marquess o Salisbury
	In office; 17 Februar 1874 – 17 Januar 1875
Monarch	Victoria
Precedit bi	Benjamin Disraeli
Succeedit bi	Marquess o Hartington
Chancellor o the Exchequer
	In office; 28 Aprile 1880 – 16 December 1882
Precedit bi	Stafford Northcote
Succeedit bi	Hugh Childers
	In office; 11 August 1873 – 17 Februar 1874
Precedit bi	Robert Lowe
Succeedit bi	Stafford Northcote
	In office; 18 Juin 1859 – 26 Juin 1866
Precedit bi	Benjamin Disraeli
Succeedit bi	Benjamin Disraeli
	In office; 28 December 1852 – 28 Februar 1855
Precedit bi	Benjamin Disraeli
Succeedit bi	George Cornewall Lewis
Secretar o State for War an the Colonies
	In office; 23 December 1845 – 27 Juin 1846
Precedit bi	Laird Stanley
Succeedit bi	The Yerl Grey
Preses o the Buird o Trade
	In office; 15 Mey 1843 – 5 Februar 1845
Precedit bi	The Yerl o Ripon
Succeedit bi	The Marquess o Dalhousie
Personal details
Born	29 December 1809; Liverpool, Ingland
Dee'd	19 Mey 1898 (aged 88); Hawarden Castle, Wales
Naitionality	Breetish
Poleetical pairty	Tory (1828–1834); Conservative (1834–1846); Peelite (1846–1859); Liberal (1859–1898)
Spoose(s)	Catherine Gladstone
Bairns	William; Agnes; Stephen; Catherine; Mary; Helen; Henry; Herbert
Alma mater	Christ Church, Oxford
Religion	Kirk o Ingland (Heich Kirk)
Signatur

William Ewart Gladstone (/ˈɡlædˌstən/; 29 December 1809 – 19 Mey 1898), wis a Breetish Liberal politeecian. He wis the Prime Meenister o the Unitit Kinrick fower times.

Gladstone wis born in Liverpuil tae Scots paurents. He first entered the Hoose o Commons in 1832, beginnin his poleetical career as a High Tory, a groupin that becam the Conservative Pairty unner Robert Peel in 1834. Gladstone served as a meenister in baith o Peel's govrenments, an in 1846 jynt the brakawey Peelite faction, that eventually merged intae the new Liberal Pairty in 1859. He wis Chancellor unner Laird Aiberdeen (1852–1855), Laird Palmerston (1859–1865) an Laird Russell (1865–1866). Gladstone's awn poleetical doctrine—that emphasised equality o opportuinity, free tred, an laissez-faire economic policies—cam tae be kent as Gladstonian leeberalism. His popularity amangst the wirkin-cless earned him the sobriquet "The People's William".

In 1868, Gladstone becam Prime Meenister for the first time. Mony reforms war passed in his first meenistry, includin the disestablishment o the Kirk o Ireland an the introduction o saicret votin. Efter electoral defeat in 1874, Gladstone resigned as leader o the Leeberal Pairty. Frae 1876 he begoud a comeback based on opposeetion tae Turkey's reaction tae the Bulgarie Apryle Uprisin. His Midlowden Campaign o 1879–80 wis an early ensaumple o mony modren poleetical campaignin techniques.^[1]^[2] Efter the 1880 general election, Gladstone formed his seicont meenistry (1880–1885), that saw the passage o the Third Reform Act as weel as creeses in Egyp (culminatin in the Faw o Khartoum) an Ireland, whaur his govrenment passed repressive meisurs but an aw impruived the legal richts o Erse tenant fermers.

Back in office in early 1886, Gladstone proponed hame rule for Ireland but wis defeatit in the Hoose o Commons. The resultin spleet in the Leeberal Pairty helped keep them oot o office – wi ane short brak – for 20 years. Gladstone formed his last govrenment in 1892, at the age o 82. The Second Home Rule Bill passed throu the Commons but wis defeatit in the Hoose o Lairds in 1893. Gladstone left office in Mairch 1894, agit 84, as baith the auldest person tae serve as Prime Meenister an the anerly Prime Meenister tae hae served fower terms. He left Pairlament in 1895 an dee'd three years later.

Gladstone wis kent affectionately bi his supporters as "The People's William" or the "G.O.M." ("Grand Old Man", or, accordin tae his poleetical rival Benjamin Disraeli, "God's Only Mistake").^[3] Historians eften cry him ane o Breetain's greatest leaders.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

References

↑ Wiesner-Hanks, Merry E.; Evans, Andrew D.; Wheeler, William Bruce; Ruff, Julius (2014). Discovering the Western Past, Volume II: Since 1500. Cengage Learning. p. 336. ISBN 978-1111837174.
↑ Price, Richard (1999). British Society 1680–1880: Dynamism, Containment and Change (in Inglis). Cambridge University Press. p. 289. ISBN 978-0521657013.
↑ Gardham, Duncan (12 Juin 2008). "David Davis's Victorian inspiration: William Gladstone". The Daily Telegraph. London.
↑ J.F.C. Harrison (2013). Late Victorian Britain 1875–1901. p. 31. ISBN 978-1136116445.
↑ Richard Aldous (2007). The Lion and the Unicorn: Gladstone Vs Disraeli. p. 4. ISBN 978-0393065701.
↑ Paul Brighton (2016). Original Spin: Downing Street and the Press in Victorian Britain. I.B.Tauris. p. 193. ISBN 978-1780760599.
↑ Paul Grey; et al. (2016). Challenge and Transformation: Britain, c. 1851–1964. Cambridge UP. p. 2. ISBN 978-1107572966.

[Wiesner2014-1] Wiesner-Hanks, Merry E.; Evans, Andrew D.; Wheeler, William Bruce; Ruff, Julius (2014). Discovering the Western Past, Volume II: Since 1500. Cengage Learning. p. 336. ISBN 978-1111837174.

[2] Price, Richard (1999). British Society 1680–1880: Dynamism, Containment and Change (in Inglis). Cambridge University Press. p. 289. ISBN 978-0521657013.

[3] Gardham, Duncan (12 Juin 2008). "David Davis's Victorian inspiration: William Gladstone". The Daily Telegraph. London.

[4] J.F.C. Harrison (2013). Late Victorian Britain 1875–1901. p. 31. ISBN 978-1136116445.

[5] Richard Aldous (2007). The Lion and the Unicorn: Gladstone Vs Disraeli. p. 4. ISBN 978-0393065701.

[6] Paul Brighton (2016). Original Spin: Downing Street and the Press in Victorian Britain. I.B.Tauris. p. 193. ISBN 978-1780760599.

[7] Paul Grey; et al. (2016). Challenge and Transformation: Britain, c. 1851–1964. Cambridge UP. p. 2. ISBN 978-1107572966.

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