Transport mu Rwanda

Sisitemu yo gutwara abantu mu Rwanda yibanda cyane k'umuhanda. Imihanda ya kaburimbo iri hagati y'umurwa mukuru wa Kigali, n'indi mijyi minini yo mu gihugu. U Rwanda kandi ruhuza umuhanda n’ibindi bihugu byo mu biyaga bigari bya Afurika, binyuzwamo ibicuruzwa byinshi bitumizwa muri mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga^[1][1].

Iki gihugu gifite ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cyiri i Kigali, gikorera mu gihugu kimwe ndetse no mu bihugu byinshi, kandi gifite ubwikorezi buke hagati y’imijyi y’i cyambu ku kiyaga cya Kivu . Muri iki gihe nta gari ya moshi ihari mu Rwanda.

Ishoramari ryinshi mu bikorwa remezo byo gutwara abantu ryakozwe na guverinoma kuva muri jenoside yo muri 1994, ifashijwe n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Ubushinwa, Ubuyapani n’abandi.

U Rwanda rufite i kilometero bigera ku bihumbi 12,000 y'imihanda, muri yo kilometero 1,000 y'akaburimbo. ^[2] Ibisigaye ni umuhanda wa kaburimbo ufite ubuziranenge buratandukanye kuva ahantu hakeye hafite imiyoboro itwara amazi kugeza kumurongo, utaringaniye cyane unyura mu modoka ifite ibiziga bine .

Ibinyabiziga biri mu gihugu bigenda iburyo bwu muhanda. Icyakora, abanyamuryango batatu bakomeye bagize Umuryango w’Afurika y’iburasirazuba (EAC) u Rwanda rugize, harimo abaturanyi ba Tanzaniya na Uganda, batwara ibumoso. Birahendutse cyane gutumiza ibinyabiziga byagenewe gutwara ibumoso kuruta iburyo, bishoboka ko biterwa n’isoko rya kabiri ryaturutse mu Buhinde n’Ubuyapani bihendutse ugereranije n’Uburayi, bityo amamodoka menshi yatumijwe mu mahanga kugeza igihe leta yabujije kwinjiza mu mahanga 2005 kubera impungenge z'umutekano. Kubera itandukaniro ry’ibiciro by’imodoka, hamwe n’ubushobozi bwo kurushaho guhuza ubukungu n’ibindi bihugu bya EAC n’isoko rusange ry’ibihugu bya Afurika y’iburasirazuba n’Amajyepfo, guverinoma yatekereje guhindura igihugu gutwara ibinyabiziga ibumoso. ^[3]

Benshi mu mijyi minini yo mu gihugu ubu ihujwe n'umuhanda wa kaburimbo. Imiterere yiyi mihanda yari imaze igihe gito ikennye cyane, hamwe n’ibyobo byinshi n’imodoka akenshi bigenda ku nkombe z'umwanda kubera ko byafatwaga nk'ibyoroshye kurusha umuhanda ubwawo. Gahunda ya leta iherutse yo kuzamura no kuvugurura bivuze ko inzira nyinshi zikomeye ubu zimeze neza.

Imiyoboro minini yo mu mijyi ya Kigali, kimwe n’imihanda minini ya Ruhengeri, Kibuye, na Gisenyi ni inzira nyabagendwa ebyiri, ariko imihanda minini y’igihugu yose ni inzira imwe. Nta nzira nyabagendwa i Rwanda.

Inzira nyamukuru ni (reba ikarita yerekana umubare):^[4]

#	Tangira	Iherezo	Binyuze	Ibisobanuro
1	Kigali	Gatuna (umupaka wa Uganda )	Byumba	Umuhanda munini unyura mu majyaruguru yigihugu, iyi niyo nzira nyamukuru igana Kabale na Kampala muri Uganda
2	Kigali	Kayonza	Rwamagana	Yerekeza iburasirazuba kuva umurwa mukuru. Kuvugurura uyu muhanda biherutse kurangira, kandi birerekana inzira ya mbere yu Rwanda ikwiye kuzenguruka umujyi wa Rwamagana
2a	Kayonza	Kagitumba (umupaka wa Uganda )	Nyagatare	Gukomeza umuhanda wa 2, ugana mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'igihugu. Mbere ya 1994, igice kinini cy'umuhanda cyari muri parike y'igihugu ya Akagera, ariko ubu ako gace karatuwe, ahanini n’impunzi zagarutse ziva muri Uganda nyuma y'intambara.
2b	Kayonza	Rusumo (umupaka wa Tanzaniya )	Kibungo	Inzira nyamukuru ijya muri Tanzaniya, ikamanuka ikagera mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bw'igihugu. Umupaka ni ikiraro kinini hejuru yumugezi wa Kagera (nacyo kikaba kiri mumazi ya kure ya Nili )
3	Kigali	Fugi (umupaka w'u Burundi )	Gitarama, Butare	Umuhanda uhuza imijyi ibiri minini yu Rwanda kimwe n’umuhanda uhuza Bujumbura, umujyi munini ndetse wahoze ari umurwa mukuru w’Uburundi . Igice cyo mu majyepfo ya Gitarama cyongeye kugaragara mu 2004.
3a	Gitarama	Kibuye, Rwanda		Uyu muhanda wagaragaye bwa mbere naba injeniyeri b'Abashinwa mu myaka icumi ishize, unyura mu misozi miremire cyane kandi wambuka ikibaya cya Nili / Congo .
3b	Butare	Cyangugu (umupaka wa DRC )	Gikongoro	Umuhanda munini cyane unyura mumutima wishyamba rya Nyungwe ukarangirira ku nkombe yikiyaga cya Kivu . Ihuza kandi umujyi wa Bukavu wo muri congo.
4	Kigali	Gisenyi (umupaka wa DRC )	Ruhengeri	Umuhanda unyura mbere unyuze mu misozi ikikije umusozi wa Kabuye hanyuma ugahindukira ugana iburengerazuba ugana mu majyepfo y’urunigi rw’ibirunga rwa Virunga, mbere yuko urangirira i Gisenyi, ku nkombe z'ikiyaga cya Kivu. Umuhanda ukomeje muri Goma muri DRC .
4a	Ruhengeri	Cyanika (Umupaka wa Uganda )		Umuhanda uhuza Ruhengeri na Kisoro muri Uganda. Yanyuze hafi yumusozi wa Muhabura kandi ifite vista kuruhande rwumunyururu wa Virunga .
5	Kigali	Umupaka w'Uburundi	Nyamata	Umuhanda washyizweho kaburimbo vuba aha kuva leta yu Rwanda itekereza kubaka ikibuga cyindege mpuzamahanga hafi yumujyi wa Nyamata. [5]

Hariho kandi umuhanda umwe usanzwe ari umuhanda wa kaburimbo utameze neza, ariko birashobora kuzamurwa vuba kugirango ube kaburimbo:

• Umuhanda unyura ku kiyaga cya Kivu uhuza Cyangugu, Kibuye na Gisenyi, kubera ko ubu iyi mijyi ihujwe na politiki n'Intara y'Uburengerazuba yari imaze gushingwa.

Hariho serivisi nyinshi zabatoza burimunsi kuva mu Rwanda kugera aho zerekeza mu biyaga bigari bya Afrika:

• Abatoza Nshingwabikorwa ba Jaguar, uhuza Kigali na Kampala, umurwa mukuru wa Uganda, unyuze kuri Gatuna (umuhanda wa 1 ku ikarita iri hejuru) cyangwa unyuze kuri Kayonza na Kagitumba (umuhanda 2 na 2a).
• Serivisi ishinzwe abatoza mu karere, ikora serivisi i Kampala (amasaha 8), Nairobi, Kenya (amasaha 20) na Dar es Salaam, Tanzaniya (amasaha 36), yose ikanyura ku mupaka wa Gatuna. Izi bisi zisanzwe zifite ubukonje.
• Umutoza w'Ubutatu - serivisi yu Rwanda ikoresha bisi zifatizo, zigenda hagati ya Kigali na Kampala.
• Modern Coast, umutoza wa Kenya hamwe na serivise yohereza ubutumwa ihuza Gisenyi / Goma na Kigali unyuze i Gatuna na Kampala na Nairobi . Itanga kubika kumurongo no kwishyura, ibyiciro bitatu byicaro no muri bisi zimwe TV zumuntu hamwe na 240 V / USB socket.
• Yahoo Car Express - Serivise ya minibus ikora hagati ya Kigali na Bujumbura, Burundi . Iyi serivisi yagiye yibasirwa n’inyeshyamba zo mu Burundi, nubwo guverinoma nshya ivuga ko yakemuye iki kibazo ubu.

Byongeye kandi, serivisi z’imodoka zitwara abagenzi (reba hano hepfo) zerekeza Gisenyi na Cyangugu akenshi zambuka umupaka wa DRC kugira ngo zitware abagenzi i Goma na Bukavu ^[6].

Uburyo nyamukuru bwo gutwara abantu mu Rwanda ni bisi yihuta, yasimbuye tagisi y'imigabane kumihanda minini.

Sangira tagisi ikora hagati ya termini ebyiri (izwi nka parike ya tagisi), ariko uhagarare kenshi munzira yo gufata no guta abagenzi. Bazwi cyane nka tagisi cyangwa, mu mvugo, twegerane, bisobanura ngo 'reka twicare hamwe' mu rurimi rwa Kinyarwanda ( tagisi isanzwe yigenga ikoreshwa nk'umushahara udasanzwe cyangwa tagisi ).

Hafi kandi buri gihe bategereza kugeza byuzuye mbere yo kugenda, kandi barashobora no gutegereza umwanya muremure ahantu hamwe kumuhanda niba abantu badahagije bahari.

Ubusanzwe ibinyabiziga ni minibus ya Toyota ifitwe numuntu ku giti cye ukoresha umushoferi ( Fr : chauffeur ) hamwe nuyobora ( Fr : convoyeur ) kugirango akore kandi abungabunge imodoka umunsi ku munsi. Benshi bafite imirongo ine yintebe, buri imwe ikaba yicara abantu bakuru bane (impinja nabana batabaruwe nkuko biteganijwe ko bicara ku bibero byumuntu mukuru). Byongeye kandi, hari imyanya ibiri yabagenzi imbere, kuburyo imodoka ishobora gutwara abagenzi bagera kuri cumi n'umunani, usibye umushoferi nuyobora.

Kuyobora abashinzwe gufungura no gufunga umuryango munini unyerera no gukusanya amafaranga kubagenzi, kandi azahagarara mumwanya wumuryango niba imyanya yose yongeye kuba. Nta tike yatanzwe kuri ubu buryo bwa tagisi.^[7]

Igice kinini cyimodoka kumihanda yo mu Rwanda, cyane Kigali, ni tagisi ya moto. Moto cyangwa ibimoteri biratwarwa kandi umugenzi umwe arashobora guhagarara inyuma no kwishyura hanyuma akishyura amafaranga asabwa.

Ibi biruka mugihe cyagenwe (mubisanzwe buri minota 30) hagati yimijyi minini, gusa guhagarara ahagarara hafi yicyerekezo. Nubwo byagenda mbere, igiciro gikurikira gihagarara kigomba kwishyurwa. Inzira hafi ya zose zinyura Nyabugogo muri Kigali .

Bisi ziyobowe na masosiyete yigenga kandi zitanga amatike mbere ni giciro cyashyizweho na leta. Nkuko amatike yishyuwe kandi agacapirwa ku biro (guhagarara gukomeye) cyangwa numukozi kumuhanda (guhagarara gato), ntabwo hakenewe umuyobozi uyobora amafaranga muri bisi. Amatike arashobora gutangwa mbere, bityo arashobora kugurishwa vuba mugihe cyakazi (cyane kuwa gatanu, ku cyumweru no gutangira ndetse kurangiza hamwe n'ibiruhuko by'ishuri).

Bitandukanye na Tagisi yarusange, ubu buryo bwo gutwara bubaha, gahunda aho gutegereza kuzura. Na none, usanga hafi ya bose batuzuzwa ahubwo bagenda kare.

Ingano iva kuri Toyota Coaster kugeza kumodoka nini. Abagenzi benshi bayoborwa na Ritco, leta ifitemo uruhare. Niyo sosiyete yonyine ifite aho ihagarara mu gihugu hose, mu gihe abandi batwara imodoka bo bigenga, bagarukira mu turere tumwe na tumwe. Igihe yashingwa yasimbuye Onatracom, yari indi sosiyete rusange.

Kuva muri 2018, tagisi zasaranganya ziracyari uburyo nyamukuru bwo gutwara abantu mu turere twa kure, mugihe bisi za Express zikoreshwa aho zihari. Ibi biterwa ni giciro kingana kandi cyongerewe ihumure n'umuvuduko wa bisi ya Express.

Ubwikorezi rusange muri Kigali bufata uburyo bwo guhagarika tagisi yi migabane yavuzwe haruguru, ariko ikora cyane kubera ibisabwa byinshi. Mugihe ubusanzwe ubwenegihugu butamenyekanye, amatagisi muri Kigali ifite umurongo w'umuhondo uzenguruka ikinyabiziga, kikaba cyanditseho aho itangirira n’iherezo ryayo. Serivisi nyinshi zitangira cyangwa zirangirira haba mu mujyi rwagati cyangwa kuri Nyabugogo, bisi nkuru yu mujyi.

Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa n’ishyirahamwe ry’amasosiyete atwara abantu i Kigali buduha imibare ikurikira : Hri amasosiyete 19 ya bisi akoresha bisi zigera ku 1633 zose zakozwe, moderi n'ubunini mu bice bitandukanye byu Rwanda. Mu mujyi wa Kigali hari bisi 622 zikora. Muri izi 622, 90,6% muri zo ni imodoka ntoya ya Toyota Hiace, ahanini irengeje imyaka 10, kandi myinshi ishaje cyane. Mu binyabiziga binini bitwara abagenzi bagera kuri 30 cyangwa se hari ibice 58 muri byo 34.4% n'imodoka nshya zifite kandi zikoreshwa na Kigali Bus Services Ltd

Ihuriro rikuru ry’indege muri iki gihugu ni ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Kigali, giherereye i Kanombe, mu nkengero zigera kuri kilometero 10, kuva mu mujyi wa Kigali. Ikibuga cy’indege gifite ingendo mpuzamahanga zerekeza i : Lagos, Brazzaville, Dubai, Nairobi, Entebbe, Addis Ababa, Bujumbura, Johannesburg, Amsterdam, Bruxelles na Doha kandi ni ikibuga kinini cy’indege zitwara igihugu RwandAir .

Muri iki gihe nta gari ya moshi ihari mu Rwanda.

• Rwanda
• Igishushanyo mbonera cya Gari ya moshi yo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba