Sectorul de dreapta

Sectorul de dreapta (în ucraineană Правий сектор) este un partid politic naționalist ucrainean.^[1] În manifestarea ei timpurie ca o confederație paramilitară de grupuri radicale de dreapta, aceasta a oferit un suport logistic, conducând tactic protestele Euromaidan din Kiev.

Coaliția a fost organizată în noiembrie 2013, grupurile fondatoare au inclus organizațiile: Trizub, condusă de Dmitro Iaroș și Andrii Tarasenko; partidul politic Adunarea Națională Ucraineană - Autoapărarea Națională Ucraineană (UNA - UNSO); Patrioții Ucrainei și Adunarea Național Socialistă^[2].

Sectorul de dreapta a devenit partid politic la data de 22 martie 2014, moment în care avea estimativ, 10.000 de membri^[3].

Ideologia politică a Sectorului de dreapta a fost caracterizată de către unele publicații ca fiind naționalistă,^[4]^[5] ultranaționalistă,^[6]^[7] neo-fascistă,^[8] de dreapta,^[9] sau de extrema dreaptă.^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13] Sectorul de dreapta a fost al doilea cel mai menționat partid politic în media rusă în prima jumătate a anului 2014; televiziunea de stat a Rusiei descriindu-l ca fiind neo-nazist.^[14]^[15] Associated Press într-un raport al său din martie 2014 a anunțat că organizațiile internaționale de știri nu au găsit nici o dovadă de infracțiuni motivate de ură în acțiunile grupului.

Referințe

^ Bush, Jason; Davies, Megan (3 mai 2014). „Russia calls on U.S. to help stop Kiev's military drive”. Reuters. the Right Sector [group] – a Ukrainian nationalist group in western Ukraine
^ Right Sector Political Council (6 martie 2014). „Official statement by Right Sector”. PravyySektor.info (în Ukrainian). For marginal actions that defame the Right Sector movement and failure to discipline, [White Hammer] is removed from our organization.… Our actions must be coordinated and consistent.
^ McCoy, Terrence (26 martie 2014). „Ultranationalist's killing underscores Ukraine's ugly divisions”. Washington Post. Right Sector … boasts between 5,000 and 10,000 members…
^ Kramer, Andrew (12 martie 2014). „A far-right leader is front and center in Kiev”. New York Times. p. A8. Yarosh’s bid for office, political commentators here say, is best understood as the latest maneuver in the ceaseless churn and infighting among the leadership of western Ukrainian nationalist groups — White Hammer, Patriots of Ukraine and the Trident of Stepan Bandera….
^ Higgins, Andrew (12 aprilie 2014). „Mystery surrounds death of fiery Ukrainian activist”. New York Times. p. A4. Mr. Muzychko — a militant activist in the nationalist group Right Sector — died fleeing the reach of a Ukrainian government he had helped bring to power.… Mr. Muzychko’s … former comrades in Right Sector, a coalition of once-fringe Ukrainian nationalist groups, believe….
^ „Ukraine unrest: Russian outrage at fatal Sloviansk shooting”. BBC News. 20 aprilie 2014. At least three people were reported killed in a gun attack on a checkpoint manned by pro-Russian activists…. The Russian foreign ministry said … Right Sector was behind the attack.… Ukraine’s National Security Council … said there were indications that it was ‘an argument between local criminal groups’.
^ Danilova, Maria (14 martie 2014). „After Ukraine protest, radical group eyes power”. Associated Press. Arhivat din original la 20 martie 2014. Accesat în 28 septembrie 2014. The radical ultranationalist group … [has been] demonized by Russian state propaganda as fascists and accused of staging attacks against Russian speakers and Jews.… The AP and other international news organizations have found no evidence of hate crimes.
^ Dreyfus, Emmanuel (2 martie 2014). „Ukraine Beyond Politics”. Le Monde Diplomatique. Accesat în 6 martie 2014. Pravy Sektor defines itself as “neither xenophobic nor anti-Semitic, as Kremlin propaganda claims” and above all as “nationalist, defending the values of white, Christian Europe against the loss of the nation and deregionalisation”. Like Svoboda, it rejects multiculturalism… Svoboda’s success over the past few years and the presence of neo-fascist groups such as Pravy Sektor in Independence Square are signs of a crisis in Ukrainian society. It is first and foremost a crisis of identity: in 22 years of independence, Ukraine has not managed to develop an unbiased historical narrative presenting a positive view of all its regions and citizens: even today, the Ukrainians are seen as liberators in Galicia but as fascists in Donbass.
^ „How did Odessa's fire happen?”. BBC News. 4 mai 2014. Hardline fans – known as ‘ultras’ – of both sides agreed to hold a joint march to support a united Ukraine.… Some were veteran supporters of Kiev’s Maidan protest movement – the Maidan Self Defence Forces – and/or part of the right-wing Pravy Sektor (Rights Sector).
^ Shuster, Simon (6 martie 2014). „Putin says Ukraine's revolutionaries are anti-Semites. Is he right?”. Time. The uprising … involved a radical right-wing group called Pravy Sektor, a coalition of militant ultra-nationalists…. Their leader … has been offered senior posts in Ukraine’s security services….
^ „Ukrainian nationalist targeted over alleged Chechnya atrocities”. Moscow. RIA Novosti [Russian News & Information Agency]. 7 martie 2014. Muzychko is a coordinator for Pravy Sektor, the radical far right opposition group…. Russian state media has tried to cast the demonstrations as a predominantly Fascism-inspired movement.
^ Whalen, Jeanne (25 martie 2014). „Prominent Ukraine nationalist killed during police operation”. Wall Street Journal. Russia’s state-controlled media outlets have focused particular attention on Mr. Muzychko and one other activist from a far-right group called Pravy Sektor.
^ „Ukraine paramilitary group forms political party”. Agence France Presse. 22 martie 2014. Arhivat din original la 7 aprilie 2014. Accesat în 28 septembrie 2014. A Ukrainian far-right paramilitary group … said Saturday it had formed a political party.… The Pravy Sektor party will absorb other already registered Ukrainian nationalist formations including UNA-UNSO and Trizub (Trident).
^ Kozlowska, Hanna (2 iunie 2014). „The Fascists are coming, the Fascists are coming!”. Foreign Policy. D.C. Arhivat din original la 27 noiembrie 2014. Accesat în 28 septembrie 2014. Experts agree that the group owes its popularity to Russian propaganda … painting [it] as a powerful neo-Nazi force determined to take over Ukraine. According to a survey by an online database of Russian media sources, Right Sector was the second-most mentioned political group in Russian mass media in 2014….
^ „Ukraine conflict: Turning up the TV heat”. BBC News. 10 august 2014. More emotive is the use of the words ‘fascist’ and ‘Nazi’ in many Russian TV reports … in several contexts, [which include] portraying the far-right Right Sector as Ukraine’s real driving political force….

[bush-1] Bush, Jason; Davies, Megan (3 mai 2014). „Russia calls on U.S. to help stop Kiev's military drive”. Reuters. the Right Sector [group] – a Ukrainian nationalist group in western Ukraine

[whammer-2] Right Sector Political Council (6 martie 2014). „Official statement by Right Sector”. PravyySektor.info (în Ukrainian). For marginal actions that defame the Right Sector movement and failure to discipline, [White Hammer] is removed from our organization.… Our actions must be coordinated and consistent.

[mccoy-3] McCoy, Terrence (26 martie 2014). „Ultranationalist's killing underscores Ukraine's ugly divisions”. Washington Post. Right Sector … boasts between 5,000 and 10,000 members…

[kramer12mar-4] Kramer, Andrew (12 martie 2014). „A far-right leader is front and center in Kiev”. New York Times. p. A8. Yarosh’s bid for office, political commentators here say, is best understood as the latest maneuver in the ceaseless churn and infighting among the leadership of western Ukrainian nationalist groups — White Hammer, Patriots of Ukraine and the Trident of Stepan Bandera….

[higgins-5] Higgins, Andrew (12 aprilie 2014). „Mystery surrounds death of fiery Ukrainian activist”. New York Times. p. A4. Mr. Muzychko — a militant activist in the nationalist group Right Sector — died fleeing the reach of a Ukrainian government he had helped bring to power.… Mr. Muzychko’s … former comrades in Right Sector, a coalition of once-fringe Ukrainian nationalist groups, believe….

[sloviansk-6] „Ukraine unrest: Russian outrage at fatal Sloviansk shooting”. BBC News. 20 aprilie 2014. At least three people were reported killed in a gun attack on a checkpoint manned by pro-Russian activists…. The Russian foreign ministry said … Right Sector was behind the attack.… Ukraine’s National Security Council … said there were indications that it was ‘an argument between local criminal groups’.

[danilova-7] Danilova, Maria (14 martie 2014). „After Ukraine protest, radical group eyes power”. Associated Press. Arhivat din original la 20 martie 2014. Accesat în 28 septembrie 2014. The radical ultranationalist group … [has been] demonized by Russian state propaganda as fascists and accused of staging attacks against Russian speakers and Jews.… The AP and other international news organizations have found no evidence of hate crimes.

[monde0302-8] Dreyfus, Emmanuel (2 martie 2014). „Ukraine Beyond Politics”. Le Monde Diplomatique. Accesat în 6 martie 2014. Pravy Sektor defines itself as “neither xenophobic nor anti-Semitic, as Kremlin propaganda claims” and above all as “nationalist, defending the values of white, Christian Europe against the loss of the nation and deregionalisation”. Like Svoboda, it rejects multiculturalism… Svoboda’s success over the past few years and the presence of neo-fascist groups such as Pravy Sektor in Independence Square are signs of a crisis in Ukrainian society. It is first and foremost a crisis of identity: in 22 years of independence, Ukraine has not managed to develop an unbiased historical narrative presenting a positive view of all its regions and citizens: even today, the Ukrainians are seen as liberators in Galicia but as fascists in Donbass.

[bbcfire-9] „How did Odessa's fire happen?”. BBC News. 4 mai 2014. Hardline fans – known as ‘ultras’ – of both sides agreed to hold a joint march to support a united Ukraine.… Some were veteran supporters of Kiev’s Maidan protest movement – the Maidan Self Defence Forces – and/or part of the right-wing Pravy Sektor (Rights Sector).

[shuster06mar-10] Shuster, Simon (6 martie 2014). „Putin says Ukraine's revolutionaries are anti-Semites. Is he right?”. Time. The uprising … involved a radical right-wing group called Pravy Sektor, a coalition of militant ultra-nationalists…. Their leader … has been offered senior posts in Ukraine’s security services….

[ria7Mar-11] „Ukrainian nationalist targeted over alleged Chechnya atrocities”. Moscow. RIA Novosti [Russian News & Information Agency]. 7 martie 2014. Muzychko is a coordinator for Pravy Sektor, the radical far right opposition group…. Russian state media has tried to cast the demonstrations as a predominantly Fascism-inspired movement.

[whalen-12] Whalen, Jeanne (25 martie 2014). „Prominent Ukraine nationalist killed during police operation”. Wall Street Journal. Russia’s state-controlled media outlets have focused particular attention on Mr. Muzychko and one other activist from a far-right group called Pravy Sektor.

[afp22mar-13] „Ukraine paramilitary group forms political party”. Agence France Presse. 22 martie 2014. Arhivat din original la 7 aprilie 2014. Accesat în 28 septembrie 2014. A Ukrainian far-right paramilitary group … said Saturday it had formed a political party.… The Pravy Sektor party will absorb other already registered Ukrainian nationalist formations including UNA-UNSO and Trizub (Trident).

[kozlowska-14] Kozlowska, Hanna (2 iunie 2014). „The Fascists are coming, the Fascists are coming!”. Foreign Policy. D.C. Arhivat din original la 27 noiembrie 2014. Accesat în 28 septembrie 2014. Experts agree that the group owes its popularity to Russian propaganda … painting [it] as a powerful neo-Nazi force determined to take over Ukraine. According to a survey by an online database of Russian media sources, Right Sector was the second-most mentioned political group in Russian mass media in 2014….

[bbc-tv-15] „Ukraine conflict: Turning up the TV heat”. BBC News. 10 august 2014. More emotive is the use of the words ‘fascist’ and ‘Nazi’ in many Russian TV reports … in several contexts, [which include] portraying the far-right Right Sector as Ukraine’s real driving political force….

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