نيون

Neon,  ₁₀Ne

Spectral lines of neon in the visible region
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/ˈniːɒn/
Appearance	colorless gas exhibiting an orange-red glow when placed in an electric field
Neon په دوراني جدول کې
He ↑ Ne ↓ Ar fluorine ← neon → sodium ‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	10
گروپ, پیریود	group 18 (noble gases), period 2
بلاک	p-block
Element category	noble gas
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	کينډۍ:Val[۱]
Electron configuration	[He] 2s2 2p6
Electrons per shell	2, 8
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	گاز
دويلې کيدو ټکى	24.56 K ​(−248.59 °C, ​−415.46 °F)
يشنا ټکی	27.104 K ​(−246.046 °C, ​−410.883 °F)
کثافت (at STP)	0.9002 g/L
when liquid, at b.p.	1.207 g/cm3[۲]
Triple point	24.556 K, ​43.37 kPa[۳][۴]
Critical point	44.4918 K, 2.7686 MPa[۴]
Heat of fusion	0.335 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	1.71 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	20.79[۵] J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 12 13 15 18 21 27
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	0
Ionization energies	1st: 2080.7 kJ/mol 2nd: 3952.3 kJ/mol 3rd: 6122 kJ/mol (more)
Covalent radius	58 pm
Van der Waals radius	154 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​face-centered cubic (fcc)
Speed of sound	435 m/s (gas, at 0 °C)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	49.1×10−3 W/(m·K)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic[۶]
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	−6.74·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[۷]
Bulk modulus	654 GPa
CAS Number	7440-01-9
History
Prediction	William Ramsay (1897)
Discovery and first isolation	William Ramsay & Morris Travers[۸][۹] (1898)
Main isotopes of neon
آيسو­ټوپ Abun­dance نیم ژوند (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 20Ne 90.48% stable 21Ne 0.27% stable 22Ne 9.25% stable
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نيون (په انگرېزي: Neon) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Ne سمبول او ۱۰ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

1. ↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
2. ↑ Hammond, C. R. (2000). The Elements, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition (PDF). CRC press. p. 19. ISBN 0849304814.
3. ↑ Preston-Thomas, H. (1990). "The International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90)". Metrologia. 27: 3–10. Bibcode:1990Metro..27....3P. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/27/1/002.
4. ↑ ^{۴٫۰ ۴٫۱} کينډۍ:RubberBible92nd
5. ↑ Shuen-Chen Hwang, Robert D. Lein, Daniel A. Morgan (2005). "Noble Gases". Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Wiley. pp. 343–383. doi:10.1002/0471238961.0701190508230114.a01.
6. ↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in کينډۍ:RubberBible86th
7. ↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
8. ↑ Ramsay, William; Travers, Morris W. (1898). "On the Companions of Argon". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 63 (1): 437–440. doi:10.1098/rspl.1898.0057.
9. ↑ "Neon: History". Softciências. نه اخيستل شوی 2007-02-27.