La'izu

La'izu sataha sifao uli
Nutritional value per 100 g (3,5 oz)
Energy	65 kJ (16 kcal)
Carbohydrates	3.63 g
Sugars	1.67
Dietary fiber	0.5 g
Fat	0.11 g
Protein	0.65 g
Vitamins	Quantity %DV†
Thiamine (B1)	2% 0.027 mg
Riboflavin (B2)	3% 0.033 mg
Niacin (B3)	1% 0.098 mg
Pantothenic acid (B5)	5% 0.259 mg
Vitamin B6	2% 0.04 mg
Folate (B9)	2% 7 μg
Vitamin C	3% 2.8 mg
Vitamin K	14% 16.4 μg
Minerals	Quantity %DV†
Calcium	1% 16 mg
Iron	2% 0.28 mg
Magnesium	3% 13 mg
Manganese	3% 0.079 mg
Phosphorus	2% 24 mg
Potassium	5% 147 mg
Sodium	0% 2 mg
Zinc	2% 0.2 mg
Other constituents	Quantity
Water	95.23 g
Fluoride	1.3 µg
	Link to USDA database entry
	†Percentages estimated using US recommendations for adults.

Cucumber
	Bua la'izu situmbu ba dölania sihulö ndraha
	Sambua la'izu
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Kingdom:	Plantae
Order:	Cucurbitales
Family:	Cucurbitaceae
Genus:	Cucumis
Spesies:	C. sativus
Nama binomial
	Cucumis sativus; L.

La'izu (Cucumis sativus, li Indonesia: timun, mentimun ma ketimun) no sambua zinanö sanana si tefaböbö ba famili Cucurbitaceae, sanga'asogö bua sowulo-wulo anau-anau, sasese te'gona'ö ba wamalala gö.^[1] Tefaosatö ia ba zinumbua sauri irege döfi,^[2] so tölu ngawalö ia (heŵa'ae so nasa ngawalö bö'ö si no mufazökhi^[3]): la'izu nitaba, la'izu ni'ungugö, ba la'izu si lö hunö. Tesöndra mböröta la'izu andre ba Asia i'otarai India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Tiongkok (Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi), irugi Thailand Utara,^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7] bahiza iada'a latanö ia niha gofu heza ba gulidanö, ba no oya göi ngawalö la'izu nifazökhi niha^[8] ba ni'ogale ba zi sagörö ulidanö. Ba Amerika Utara, so göi nifotöi la'izu gatua (sinumbua si tefaböbö ba genus Echinocystis awö nifotöi marah), bahiza sindruhunia lö amakhaitania ba la'izu nifatunöda ba da'a.

Omböila

La'izu no sinumbua sanana, ŵa'ania tumbu ba danö ba tölania manöi miyaŵa ifalali döla zinanö bö'ö ma zui döla-döla sise-ise.^[9] Tola tumbu la'izu ba gara heŵa'ae lö tambu danö, tumbu manö ia ifalali gofu hadia nitörönia. Bulunia egebolo si tobali lumö ba mbua la'izu.

Bua la'izu no owulo anau-anau ba aeru irugi arakhagö atarö ba mbalö, tola irugi 62 cm wa'anau ba 10 cm wa'esolo.^[10]

Ösi mbua la'izu arakhagö ha idanö (95%) (faigi tabel nutrisi). Bakha ba wamahaö botani lafaosa la'izu tobali ngawalö beri, si lö ba'a-ba'a bakha ba nösinia. Bahiza hulö zimane tomat ba lawu'ale, asese lafaböbö la'izu ba ngawalö gö si tobali bulugeu.^[11]

Fonowi la'izu

Arakhagö fefu la'izu latanö ia faoma hunönia ba moguna khönia wamohamo ena'ö mowua.^[12] Ena'ö alua wamohamo andre la'ohe ngahö-ngahönö ŵani niha ba kabu la'izu ba ginötö mobunga la'izu. Mongawalö ŵani si tola manolo mamohamo la'izu andre, aurifö si fakhili ba ŵani ni'ila niha humombo-hombo ba mbowo zinumbua. Itaria göi awena alua wamohamo andre na hamo sondrugi zi'alawe andrö moroi ba zinumbua bö'ö.^[13] Some self-compatible cultivars exist that are related to the 'Lemon cucumber' cultivar.^[13]

So mato ha'uga la'izu nifazökhi si lö moguna wamohamo. Bua la'izu simane lö hunö khönia bakha ba mo'amböta kualitas wemanga ya'ia. To'ölö latanö la'izu si lö hunö simane bakha ba nomo zinanö (nifosagö sörömi, andrö asese latötöi ia rumah kaca), ba zi lö ngawalö ŵani. So ösa nitanö ba Eropa, baero ba mbenua si lö tesöndra ŵani.

Sito'ölö wananö la'izu, lafatumbu'ö ua mbowo zimatua, ba awena bowo zi'alawe. Itaria latanö göi zinumbua bö'ö sanga'asogö hamo zimatua ba la'oya'ö wa'oya ŵani, irege tola alua wamohamo.^[13]

Me 2009, labe'e wangombakha sambua angowuloa ndra sangosili international wa no la'awalisi wangerai genome la'izu.^[14]^[15]

Fanenaŵa gaurifö

Itaria ifa'asogö sambua ŵe la'izu, ena'ö böi la'a mbulunia ma buania aurifö sanörö.^[16] Ba wanenaŵa aurifö andrö ifazökhi sambua ŵe nifotöi cucurbitacin C^[17] la'izu. Ŵe andre zame'e irege afeto ösa la'izu. Lala nitörö la'izu ba wanenaŵa aurifö andre no tobali tuho ni'osisi'ö ndra sangosili, samareso lala simane göi ba zinumbua bö'ö.^[17]^[18]

Nutrisi, hua ba raso

So 95% nidanö bakha ba la'izu si lö muheta uli, 4% karbohidrat, 1% protein ba ma'ifu sibai dawö. So 16 kilokalori energi bakha ba 100 gram la'izu. Mo'amböta sibai khönia bakha nifotöi mikronutrisi: ha Vitamin K zi so (16% Vitamin K soguna ba mboto ero ma'ökhö.

So ösa ngawalö la'izu si so raso awö hua melon börö ŵe nifotöi aldehyde awö cis- ba trans-isomer si so bakha khönia.^[20] Mato ha'uga la'izu afeto-feto, börö ŵe cucurbitacins si so bakha khönia.^[21]

Awena irugi da'a zi no mu'ali moroi ba li Inggris. Höndrögö Bulö'ö kode ba wamaigi teks si lö nasa mu'ali. Tolo Wikipedia ba wanohugö ya'ia. Fao ita wama'anö fangi'ila ba li Niha. Moroi khöda, soguna khöda ba soguna khö ndraonoda miföna.

Umbu

↑ "Cucumber." Encyclopædia Britannica. [1998] 2019.
↑ Silvertown, Jonathan (1985). "Survival, Fecundity and Growth of Wild Cucumber, Echinocystis Lobata". Journal of Ecology. 73 (3): 841–849. doi:10.2307/2260151. JSTOR 2260151.
↑ Laŵa'ö nifazökhi sambua la'izu, na lafatumbu'ö niha sambua ngawalö la'izu si bohou moroi ba wamaruka tanömö la'izu si no so.
↑ Chomicki, Guillaume; Schaefer, Hanno; Renner, Susanne S. (June 2020). "Origin and domestication of Cucurbitaceae crops: insights from phylogenies, genomics and archaeology". New Phytologist (ba li Inggris). hlm. 1240–1255. doi:10.1111/nph.16015.
↑ Weng, Yiqun (7 January 2021). "Cucumis sativus Chromosome Evolution, Domestication, and Genetic Diversity: Implications for Cucumber Breeding". Plant Breeding Reviews (ba li Inggris). Wiley: 79–111. doi:10.1002/9781119717003.ch4.
↑ "Cucumis sativus L". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Mufaigi me 23 February 2023.
↑ Bisht, I. S.; Bhat, K.V.; Tanwar, S. P. S.; Bhandari, D. C.; Joshi, Kamal; Sharma, A. K. (January 2004). "Distribution and genetic diversity of Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii (Royle) Alef in India". The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology (ba li Inggris). 79 (5): 783–791. doi:10.1080/14620316.2004.11511843. ISSN 1462-0316.
↑ Laŵa'ö nifazökhi sambua la'izu, na lafatumbu'ö niha sambua ngawalö la'izu si bohou moroi ba wamaruka tanömö la'izu si no so.
↑ Mariod, Abdalbasit Adam; Mirghani, Mohamed Elwathig Saeed; Hussein, Ismail Hassan (2017-04-14). Cucumis sativus, Cucumber; Chapter 16 in: Unconventional Oilseeds and Oil Sources. Academic Press. ISBN 9780128134337.
↑ Zhang, Tingting; Li, Xvzhen; Yang, Yuting; Guo, Xiao; Feng, Qin; Dong, Xiangyu; Chen, Shuxia (2019). "Genetic analysis and QTL mapping of fruit length and diameter in a cucumber (Cucumber sativus L.) recombinant inbred line (RIL) population". Scientia Horticulturae. 250: 214–222. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2019.01.062.
↑ "Cucumber". Fruit or Vegetable?. Mufaigi me 2019-12-05.
↑ Lafotöi famohamo sambua zalua ena'ö tola alau hamo mbowo tobali bua. So dombua mbalö ba mbowo zinanö: balö si so hamo (si tobali simatua) ba balö sanema hamo (si'alawe). Ena'ö tola ikhamö zi'alawe andre hamo zimatua, moguna nangi samohombo hamo andrö irege atoru ia ba zi'alawe, ma zui aurifö sihombo-hombo ba mbowo simane ŵani, ba gahera falemba hamo zimatua ba na itugeni zi'alawe ifalemba ba da'ö hamo no mege.
↑ ^13,0 ^13,1 ^13,2 Nonnecke, I.L. (1989). Vegetable Production. Springer. ISBN 9780442267216.
↑ Latötöi fangerai genome sambua halöŵö nifalua ndra sangosili na la'osisi hadia oi zi so bakha ba zi sambua gen ba latanö ia bakha ba zura.
↑ Huang, S.; Li, R.; Zhang, Z.; Li, L.; et al. (2009). "The genome of the cucumber, Cucumis sativus L". Nature Genetics. 41 (12): 1275–81. doi:10.1038/ng.475 . PMID 19881527.
↑ Shang Y, Ma Y, Zhou Y, et al. (November 2014). "Plant science. Biosynthesis, regulation, and domestication of bitterness in cucumber". Science. 346 (6213): 1084–8. Bibcode:2014Sci...346.1084S. doi:10.1126/science.1259215. PMID 25430763.
↑ ^17,0 ^17,1 Liu, Zhiqiang; Li, Yawen; Cao, Chunyu; Liang, Shan; Ma, Yongshuo; Liu, Xin; Pei, Yanxi (February 2019). "The role of H2S in low temperature-induced cucurbitacin C increases in cucumber". Plant Molecular Biology. 99 (6): 535–544. doi:10.1007/s11103-019-00834-w. PMID 30707394.
↑ He, Jun (2022). "Terpene Synthases in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and Their Contribution to Herbivore-induced Volatile Terpenoid Emission". New Phytologist. 233 (2): 862–877. doi:10.1111/nph.17814. hdl:11245.1/e4b87361-6747-409a-a897-0e3939f560c0. PMC 9299122  Periksa nilai |pmc= (fanolo). PMID 34668204 Periksa nilai |pmid= (fanolo).
↑ United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". Mufaigi me 2024-03-28.
↑ Schieberle, P.; Ofner, S.; Grosch, W. (1990). "Evaluation of Potent Odorants in Cucumbers (Cucumis sativus) and Muskmelons (Cucumis melo) by Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis". Journal of Food Science. 55: 193–195. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1990.tb06050.x.
↑ Shang, Y; Ma, Y; Zhou, Y; Zhang, H; Duan, L; Chen, H; Zeng, J; Zhou, Q; Wang, S; Gu, W; Liu, M; Ren, J; Gu, X; Zhang, S; Wang, Y; Yasukawa, K; Bouwmeester, H. J.; Qi, X; Zhang, Z; Lucas, W. J.; Huang, S (2014). "Plant science. Biosynthesis, regulation, and domestication of bitterness in cucumber". Science. 346 (6213): 1084–8. Bibcode:2014Sci...346.1084S. doi:10.1126/science.1259215. PMID 25430763.

Khai-khai baero

[Encyclopedia_Britannica-1] "Cucumber." Encyclopædia Britannica. [1998] 2019.

[2] Silvertown, Jonathan (1985). "Survival, Fecundity and Growth of Wild Cucumber, Echinocystis Lobata". Journal of Ecology. 73 (3): 841–849. doi:10.2307/2260151. JSTOR 2260151.

[3] Laŵa'ö nifazökhi sambua la'izu, na lafatumbu'ö niha sambua ngawalö la'izu si bohou moroi ba wamaruka tanömö la'izu si no so.

[4] Chomicki, Guillaume; Schaefer, Hanno; Renner, Susanne S. (June 2020). "Origin and domestication of Cucurbitaceae crops: insights from phylogenies, genomics and archaeology". New Phytologist (ba li Inggris). hlm. 1240–1255. doi:10.1111/nph.16015.

[5] Weng, Yiqun (7 January 2021). "Cucumis sativus Chromosome Evolution, Domestication, and Genetic Diversity: Implications for Cucumber Breeding". Plant Breeding Reviews (ba li Inggris). Wiley: 79–111. doi:10.1002/9781119717003.ch4.

[powo-6] "Cucumis sativus L". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Mufaigi me 23 February 2023.

[7] Bisht, I. S.; Bhat, K.V.; Tanwar, S. P. S.; Bhandari, D. C.; Joshi, Kamal; Sharma, A. K. (January 2004). "Distribution and genetic diversity of Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii (Royle) Alef in India". The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology (ba li Inggris). 79 (5): 783–791. doi:10.1080/14620316.2004.11511843. ISSN 1462-0316.

[8] Laŵa'ö nifazökhi sambua la'izu, na lafatumbu'ö niha sambua ngawalö la'izu si bohou moroi ba wamaruka tanömö la'izu si no so.

[9] Mariod, Abdalbasit Adam; Mirghani, Mohamed Elwathig Saeed; Hussein, Ismail Hassan (2017-04-14). Cucumis sativus, Cucumber; Chapter 16 in: Unconventional Oilseeds and Oil Sources. Academic Press. ISBN 9780128134337.

[ZhangLi2019-10] Zhang, Tingting; Li, Xvzhen; Yang, Yuting; Guo, Xiao; Feng, Qin; Dong, Xiangyu; Chen, Shuxia (2019). "Genetic analysis and QTL mapping of fruit length and diameter in a cucumber (Cucumber sativus L.) recombinant inbred line (RIL) population". Scientia Horticulturae. 250: 214–222. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2019.01.062.

[11] "Cucumber". Fruit or Vegetable?. Mufaigi me 2019-12-05.

[12] Lafotöi famohamo sambua zalua ena'ö tola alau hamo mbowo tobali bua. So dombua mbalö ba mbowo zinanö: balö si so hamo (si tobali simatua) ba balö sanema hamo (si'alawe). Ena'ö tola ikhamö zi'alawe andre hamo zimatua, moguna nangi samohombo hamo andrö irege atoru ia ba zi'alawe, ma zui aurifö sihombo-hombo ba mbowo simane ŵani, ba gahera falemba hamo zimatua ba na itugeni zi'alawe ifalemba ba da'ö hamo no mege.

[Nonnecke-13] 13,0 ^13,1 ^13,2 Nonnecke, I.L. (1989). Vegetable Production. Springer. ISBN 9780442267216.

[14] Latötöi fangerai genome sambua halöŵö nifalua ndra sangosili na la'osisi hadia oi zi so bakha ba zi sambua gen ba latanö ia bakha ba zura.

[15] Huang, S.; Li, R.; Zhang, Z.; Li, L.; et al. (2009). "The genome of the cucumber, Cucumis sativus L". Nature Genetics. 41 (12): 1275–81. doi:10.1038/ng.475 . PMID 19881527.

[shang-16] Shang Y, Ma Y, Zhou Y, et al. (November 2014). "Plant science. Biosynthesis, regulation, and domestication of bitterness in cucumber". Science. 346 (6213): 1084–8. Bibcode:2014Sci...346.1084S. doi:10.1126/science.1259215. PMID 25430763.

[:0a-17] 17,0 ^17,1 Liu, Zhiqiang; Li, Yawen; Cao, Chunyu; Liang, Shan; Ma, Yongshuo; Liu, Xin; Pei, Yanxi (February 2019). "The role of H2S in low temperature-induced cucurbitacin C increases in cucumber". Plant Molecular Biology. 99 (6): 535–544. doi:10.1007/s11103-019-00834-w. PMID 30707394.

[18] He, Jun (2022). "Terpene Synthases in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and Their Contribution to Herbivore-induced Volatile Terpenoid Emission". New Phytologist. 233 (2): 862–877. doi:10.1111/nph.17814. hdl:11245.1/e4b87361-6747-409a-a897-0e3939f560c0. PMC 9299122  Periksa nilai |pmc= (fanolo). PMID 34668204 Periksa nilai |pmid= (fanolo).

[FDADailyValues-19] United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". Mufaigi me 2024-03-28.

[20] Schieberle, P.; Ofner, S.; Grosch, W. (1990). "Evaluation of Potent Odorants in Cucumbers (Cucumis sativus) and Muskmelons (Cucumis melo) by Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis". Journal of Food Science. 55: 193–195. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1990.tb06050.x.

[21] Shang, Y; Ma, Y; Zhou, Y; Zhang, H; Duan, L; Chen, H; Zeng, J; Zhou, Q; Wang, S; Gu, W; Liu, M; Ren, J; Gu, X; Zhang, S; Wang, Y; Yasukawa, K; Bouwmeester, H. J.; Qi, X; Zhang, Z; Lucas, W. J.; Huang, S (2014). "Plant science. Biosynthesis, regulation, and domestication of bitterness in cucumber". Science. 346 (6213): 1084–8. Bibcode:2014Sci...346.1084S. doi:10.1126/science.1259215. PMID 25430763.

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