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Tiruppur

Coordinates: 11°06′31″N 77°20′28″E / 11.108500°N 77.341100°E / 11.108500; 77.341100
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the city in Tamil Nadu, India. For other uses, see Tiruppur (disambiguation).

Tiruppur
City
From top, left to right:
 Noyyal river, Big bazaar street, Sukreeswarar Temple
Nickname(s): 
Knitwear capital, Textile city, Dollar city
Tiruppur is located in Tamil Nadu
Tiruppur
Tiruppur
Tiruppur, Tamil Nadu
Coordinates: 11°06′31″N 77°20′28″E / 11.108500°N 77.341100°E / 11.108500; 77.341100
Country India
StateTamil Nadu
DistrictTiruppur
Government
 • TypeMunicipal Corporation
 • BodyTiruppur City Municipal Corporation
 • MayorN. Dinesh Kumar
Area
 • City
159.6 km2 (61.6 sq mi)
 • Rank7
Elevation
330 m (1,080 ft)
Population
 (2011)
 • City
877,778
 • Rank4th in Tamil Nadu
 • Density5,500/km2 (14,000/sq mi)
 • Metro
962,982
 • Metro rank
5th in Tamil Nadu
Languages
 • OfficialTamil, English
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
6416xx
Telephone code+91-421
Vehicle registrationTN 39 (North), TN 42 (South)
GDP (2020)US$6.49 (equivalent to $7.64 in 2023) billion[1]
Websitetiruppur.tn.nic.in
Population Note: The population as per official census 2011 calculated basis pre-expansion city limits was 444,352.[2] Post expansion of city limits, the revised population was given as 877,778 by the Government of India during the smart cities mission in 2015.[3] The 2011 census data for the urban agglomeration is available and has been provided.[4]

Tiruppur or Tirupur ([t̪ɪɾɨppuːr] Tirupur.oggⓘ), is a city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located on the banks of the Noyyal river and is the fifth largest urban agglomeration in Tamil Nadu. It is the administrative capital of Tiruppur district and is administered by the Tiruppur Municipal Corporation which was established in 2008.

The region was ruled by the Cheras during the Sangam period between the 1st and the 4th centuries CE. It was under the rule of early Pandyas medieval Cholas, Later Cholas and the Vijayanagara Empire till the 15th century followed by the Nayaks who introduced the Palayakkarar system. In the later part of the 18th century, the it came under the Kingdom of Mysore and later the British Raj as a part of Madras Presidency. The region played a prominent role in the Poligar Wars.

Post Indian Independence in 1947, Tiruppur was part of Coimbatore district. It was established as the capital of the newly formed Tiruppur district in 2009. Tiruppur tis a part of Tiruppur Lok Sabha constituency that elects its member of parliament. The town was predominantly an agricultural, but with the advent of textile boom in the 20th century and rapid industrialization has seen Tiruppur become a major textile and knitwear hub. As of 2021–22, Tiruppur exported garments worth 480 billion USD, contributing to nearly 54% of the all the textile exports from India.

Etymology

[edit]

The name "Tiruppur" might have its origin from the Indian epic Mahabharata wherein cattle stolen from Pandavas were returned by Arjuna. It is a combination of two Tamil words, "Thiruppu" meaning "to turn" and "oor" meaning "a place" meaning "place where they were returned".[5]

History

[edit]

Tiruppur formed a part of the Kongu Nadu region ruled by the Cheras during Sangam period.[6][7] The region was part of a prominent Roman trade route that connected east and west coasts of India.[8][9] The medieval Cholas conquered the Kongu Nadu in the tenth century CE and Chola stone carvings mention Kanchi Maanadhi (Noyyal River) and the fertile sand that it deposited on its banks.[10][11][12]

The region came under the rule of the Vijayanagara Empire by the 15th century and later Palayakkarars, the chieftains of Madurai Nayaks ruled the region.[13] In the later part of the 18th century, the region came under the Kingdom of Mysore, following a series of wars with the Madurai Nayak Dynasty. After the defeat of Tipu Sultan in the Anglo-Mysore Wars, the British East India Company annexed the region into the Madras Presidency in 1799.

Tiruppur was an agricultural town with irrigated farms and the farmers became small owners of various textile related units during the 1970s. The boom in the textile industry led to an inter woven network of the small scale units leading to growth of the city into a major textile hub.[14] Tiruppur became a municipal corporation in 2008 and became the headquarters of a separate Tiruppur district was carved out from parts of Coimbatore district and Erode district in 2009.[15]

Geography

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Tiruppur is located at 11°06′27″N 77°20′23″E / 11.1075°N 77.3398°E / 11.1075; 77.3398 on the banks of the Noyyal River.[16] It has an average elevation of 295 metres (967 feet) and covers an area of 159.6 km2 (61.6 sq mi).[17]

Climate

[edit]

The climate in Tiruppur is hot semi-arid (Köppen BSh) with the mean maximum and minimum temperatures varying between 35 and 22 °C (95.0 and 71.6 °F). The summer occurs during the months March, April and May when the weather is hot and dry. The maximum temperature during the summer months will be around 35 °C (95 °F) and the minimum temperature will be around 29 °C (84.2 °F). The monsoon months are the months of June, July and August. These months are mainly characterised by mild showers and a reduced temperature. The post monsoon or winter months are September, October, November, December and January. These months generally have a cooler climate with temperatures rarely rise beyond a maximum of around 29 °C (84.2 °F). The minimum temperature during this season will be around 24 °C (75.2 °F).[18]

Due to the presence of the Palghat gap, the city receives some rainfall from the south-west monsoon from June to August. After a humid September, the north-east monsoon brings rains from October which lasts till early December. The average annual rainfall is around 700 mm (28 in) with the north-east and the south-west monsoons contributing 47% and 28%, respectively, to the total. The soil is predominantly black, which is suitable for cotton cultivation, but Tiruppur district also has some red loamy soil. Tiruppur falls under the Class III/IV seismic zone, having experienced a 6.0 Richter scale earthquake in 1900.

Climate data for Tiruppur
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 27
(81) 		30
(86) 		33
(91) 		34
(93) 		33
(91) 		29
(84) 		28
(82) 		27
(81) 		28
(82) 		28
(82) 		27
(81) 		26
(79) 		41
(106)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 24
(75) 		27
(81) 		29
(84) 		28
(82) 		30
(86) 		23
(73) 		25
(77) 		23
(73) 		24
(75) 		23
(73) 		24
(75) 		22
(72) 		30
(86)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 18
(64) 		19
(66) 		21
(70) 		23
(73) 		23
(73) 		22
(72) 		22
(72) 		22
(72) 		22
(72) 		22
(72) 		21
(70) 		19
(66) 		21
(70)
Record low °C (°F) 15
(59) 		17
(63) 		20
(68) 		22
(72) 		21
(70) 		20
(68) 		20
(68) 		20
(68) 		20
(68) 		19
(66) 		18
(64) 		16
(61) 		12
(54)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 14
(0.6) 		12
(0.5) 		16
(0.6) 		58
(2.3) 		71
(2.8) 		43
(1.7) 		58
(2.3) 		39
(1.5) 		66
(2.6) 		164
(6.5) 		138
(5.4) 		39
(1.5) 		718
(28.3)
Source: Tiruppur district collectorate[19]

Demographics

[edit]
Religious census
Religion Percent(%)
Hindu
 
 86.05%
Muslim
 
 10.36%
Christian
 
 3.33%
Other
 
 0.26%

According to 2011 census, Tiruppur had a population of 444,352 with a sex-ratio of 955 females for every 1,000 males, above the national average of 929.[21] The A total of 48,802 were under the age of six, constituting 24,818 males and 23,984 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 5.47% and 0.06% of the population, respectively. The average literacy was 78.17%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.[21] The city had a total of 124,617 households and a work force of 207,358. The area of Tiruppur was expanded in 2011 and the population was estimated as 877,778 in 2015.[3]

As per the religious census of 2011, Tiruppur (M Corp.) had 86.05% Hindus, 10.36% Muslims, 3.33% Christians, 0.03% Sikhs, 0.01% Buddhists, 0.07% Jains, 0.14% following other religions and 0.01% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.[22]

At per the 2011 census, 83.61% of the population in the erstwhile Tiruppur Municipal Corporation spoke Tamil, 6.65% Telugu, 3.35% Kannada, 2.31% Malayalam, 2.06% Urdu and 1.21% Hindi as their first language.[23]

Administration and politics

[edit]
Administration
Mayor N. Dinesh Kumar[24]
Corporation commissioner Pavankumar G. Giriyappanavar[25]
Police commissioner Praveen Kumar Abhinapu[26]

Tiruppur is administered by Tiruppur Municipal Corporation headed by a mayor. The municipality was established in 1917 and was upgraded to a municipal corporation in 2008. The city is divided into 60 wards.[27] Each ward is represented by a councillor who is elected by direct election and the mayor of Tiruppur is elected by councillors. The executive wing of the corporation is headed by a corporation commissioner and maintains basic services like water supply, sewage and roads. Law and order is maintained by Tiruppur police headed by a police commissioner who is equivalent to the rank of IGP (Inspector General Of Police). The city police has seven police stations, three traffic police stations and over 1,000 personnel.[28] The Tiruppur District Court is the ultimate judicial authority in the district.[29]

Tiruppur has two assembly constituencies Tiruppur North and Tiruppur South. Tiruppur is part of Tiruppur Lok Sabha constituency which was created during the delimination in 2008 consisting parts of erstwhile Coimbatore, Gobichettipalayam and Palani constituencies.[30]

Economy

[edit]

The economy of Tiruppur is primarily based on the textile industry. There are over 10,000 garment manufacturing industries in Tiruppur, employing over 600,000 people.[31] As of 2021-22, Tiruppur exported garments worth 5.1 billion USD, contributing to nearly 54% of the all the textile exports from India.[31] The city is known as the knitwear capital of India due to its cotton knitwear export.[32][33] Special industrial parks like the Tirupur Export Knitwear Industrial complex supporting 189 sheds and the Nethaji Apparel Park housing 53 companies have been established to support the textile industry.[34][35] Some of the world's largest companies including Nike, Adidas and Reebok import textiles and clothing from Tiruppur.[36][37] According to Hurun India rich list, Tirupur was amongst the top 20 cities in India in the number of billionaires in 2023.[38]

Transport

[edit]

Road

[edit]

The following major highways serve Tiruppur:

Highway Number Destination
NH-381 Avinashi
NH-381 / SH-37 Dharapuram
SH-196 / SH-81 Gobichettipalayam
SH-172 Kangeyam
SH-19 Pollachi
SH-169 Somanur
SH-19A Vijayamangalam

Tiruppur has three major bus stations: Central (Old bus stand), North (New bus stand) and South (Kovilvazhi bus stand). Tiruppur is connected by moffusil bus services run by TNSTC to all major towns across Tamil Nadu and prominent cities in Kerala, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.[39]

Rail

[edit]

Tiruppur railway station is the major rail head serving the city. It falls on the electrified Erode - Coimbatore broad gauge (5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm)) line and is well connected by trains to destinations across India.[40] Also most of the trains stops for only 2 mins which makes the cargo handling not at all possible.[41]

Air

[edit]

The nearest airport is Coimbatore International Airport (45 km) with regular flights to domestic destinations and select international destinations including Sharjah and Singapore.[42]

Public utility services

[edit]

While Tiruppur itself has only a few engineering colleges, but is located in proximity to the major educational hub of Coimbatore. There are 7 government hospitals at the taluk level with a total number of 896 beds and a total of 43 primary health centers[43] in the rural areas[44][45] Electricity supply is regulated and distributed by Tamil Nadu Electricity Board (TNEB) as the city along with its suburbs forms Tiruppur Electricity Distribution Circle. A Chief Distribution engineer is stationed at the regional headquarters.[46] Water supply and other public utility services are provided by the corporation.

Environmental issues

[edit]

Tiruppur, like any other industrial town, faces its share of environmental pollution complaints.[47] Farmers in Tiruppur and its hinterland have faced issues due to the discharge of industrial effluents into Noyyal and other water bodies.[48] Untreated effluents, mostly containing dyes and chemicals in high concentration are let off clandestinely once again in large quantities through storm water drains into water bodies or into open areas mostly during the early morning hours or during rain.[49] In 2015, the Madras High Court directed that zero liquid discharge (ZLD) should be strictly followed by the knitwear industries during the effluent treatment process.[50] Failure to implement this order, led to a court ordered closure of dyeing units and bleaching units.[51] Tirupur Exporters Association made a representation to the Government of Tamil Nadu about loss of revenue and jobs due to the closure of dyeing units.[52] As per a report by CRISIL in February 2011, ensuring Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD), will affect the operational costs of dyeing and bleaching units, increasing it by 7% to 10%.[53] Eventually, by complying with the court order, Tiruppur became the first textile cluster in India to achieve zero liquid discharge in its units.[54]

Places of interest

[edit]

Old temples in Tiruppur were built during the reign of Cholas and Pandyas. Temples in the area include Sukreeswarar Temple, Avinashilingeshwarar temple, Sivanmalai and Konganagiri.[55] Other places of interest include Thirumoorthy Hills, Amaravathi Dam, Nanjarayan Tank Bird Sanctuary and Tiruppur Kumaran memorial.

Notable people

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "City overview". Metroverse. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  2. ^ a b Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Cities having population 1 lakh and above (PDF) (Report). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 May 2012. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  3. ^ a b c Population of Tiruppur (Report). Government of Tamil Nadu. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
  4. ^ "Primary Census Abstract - Urban Agglomeration". Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Archived from the original (XLS) on 15 March 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2015.
  5. ^ "History of Tiruppur". Government of India. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
  6. ^ Subramanian, T. S (28 January 2007). "Roman connection in Tamil Nadu". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 19 September 2013. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
  7. ^ S. Krishnaswami Aiyangar (2009). Some Contributions of South India to Indian Culture. BiblioBazaar. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-113-17175-7. Archived from the original on 22 June 2013. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
  8. ^ "Kovai's Roman connection". The Hindu. 8 January 2009. Archived from the original on 1 June 2009. Retrieved 9 June 2010.
  9. ^ "On the Roman Trail". The Hindu. 21 January 2008. Archived from the original on 10 November 2012. Retrieved 9 June 2010.
  10. ^ "Rivers of Tiruppur". Government of Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
  11. ^ Vanavarayar, Shankar (21 June 2010). "Scripting history". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 10 November 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
  12. ^ M, Soundariya Preetha (30 June 2007). "Tale of an ancient road". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 10 November 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
  13. ^ "The land called Kongunadu". The Hindu. 19 November 2005. Archived from the original on 28 May 2011. Retrieved 9 June 2010.
  14. ^ "History of Tiruppur". tiruppur.com. Archived from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
  15. ^ "Tiruppur district formation". Government of Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
  16. ^ "Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Tiruppur". Fallingrain.com. Archived from the original on 15 April 2010. Retrieved 24 September 2009.
  17. ^ "Tiruppur Corporation". Government of Tamil Nadu. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
  18. ^ "Overview". Must see India. Archived from the original on 13 July 2010. Retrieved 11 December 2010.
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  20. ^ Census of India,series 1,Primary Census Abstract,General Population Part B(i),pp.435;census of India 1991. Government of India. 2001.
  21. ^ a b "Census Info 2011 Final population totals". Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  22. ^ "Population By Religious Community - Tamil Nadu" (XLS). Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2011. Archived from the original on 13 September 2015. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
  23. ^ Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Tamil Nadu (Urban) (Report). Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
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  25. ^ "Commissioner, Tiruppur Whos who". Government of India. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
  26. ^ "Tiruppur city police commissioner assumes office". The Hindu. 6 January 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
  27. ^ "Local bodies in Tirupur". Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
  28. ^ "Tiruppur to have its own police commissioner". Times of India. 6 September 2013. Archived from the original on 3 October 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
  29. ^ "Tiruppur courts". ecourts.gov.in. Archived from the original on 9 September 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
  30. ^ "List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies" (PDF). Tamil Nadu: Election Commission of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2009. Retrieved 11 October 2008.
  31. ^ a b "How can India replicate the success of Tiruppur in 75 other places?". Business Standard. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
  32. ^ "Brief Industrial Profile of Tiruppur district" (PDF). DCMSME. Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Industries, Government of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
  33. ^ "Tamil Nadu: Rising coronavirus cases worry Tiruppur's garment cluster". The New Indian Express. 15 April 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  34. ^ "What makes Tiruppur a hotspot for migrants". Rediff. 17 March 2010. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
  35. ^ "Knitwear complex gets nod to use power generated by its windmills". The Hindu. 3 October 2010. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
  36. ^ "Cricketing merchandise orders may see a dip during World Cup". Business Standard. 8 December 2014. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
  37. ^ "A dyeing industry in South India". The National. 14 February 2012. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
  38. ^ Hurun India Rich list (PDF) (Report). Hurun India. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  39. ^ "Bus Stand". Tiruppur corporation. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 12 October 2011.
  40. ^ Kumar, R. Vimal (26 July 2010). "Inadequate infrastructure irks rail passengers in Tirupur". The Hindu.
  41. ^ "Participatory approach needed to improve facilities at Tirupur Railway Station: DRM". The Hindu. 8 October 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
  42. ^ "Coimbatore airport to get more facilities". The Hindu. 15 November 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
  43. ^ "Department of Public Health & Preventive Medicine". www.tnhealth.org. Tamil Nadu Government. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
  44. ^ "List of Government Hospitals". tiruppur.tn.nic.in. Tamil Nadu Government. Archived from the original on 5 March 2015. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
  45. ^ "List of Private Hospitals". tiruppur.tn.nic.in. Tamil Nadu Government. Archived from the original on 17 June 2015. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
  46. ^ "Important Address" (PDF). Indian Wind Power Association. 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
  47. ^ "The Judgement Information System". High Court of Madras. Archived from the original on 31 May 2015. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
  48. ^ "Effluent discharge into water bodies continues in Tirupur". The Hindu. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
  49. ^ "TNPCB issues notice to CETP after effluent discharge noticed". The Hindu. 20 April 2015. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
  50. ^ "Tirupur knitwear cluster asked to abide by court directives on pollution". The Hindu. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
  51. ^ "Along the banks of Noyyal, farmers in grief". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 3 October 2016. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
  52. ^ "dyeing units hailed". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 1 August 2013. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
  53. ^ "Discharge norms compliance to impact Tirupur-based textile units" (PDF). www.crisil.com. CRISIL. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 May 2015. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
  54. ^ "Tirupur textile units achieve zero liquid discharge". Business Standard. 7 December 2012. Archived from the original on 4 May 2015. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
  55. ^ "Sukreeswarar Temple". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 1 October 2009. Archived from the original on 3 October 2009. Retrieved 2 October 2009.
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