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Paragliders
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Hang gliders
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Gliders/Sailplanes
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| Undercarriage
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pilot's legs used for take-off and landing
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pilot's legs used for take-off and landing
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aircraft takes off and lands using a wheeled undercarriage or skids
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| Wing structure
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entirely flexible, with shape maintained purely by the pressure of air flowing into and over the wing in flight and the tension of the lines
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generally flexible but supported on a rigid frame which determines its shape (note that rigid-wing hang gliders also exist)
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rigid wing surface which totally encases wing structure
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| Pilot position
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sitting in a harness
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usually lying prone in a cocoon-like harness suspended from the wing; seated and supine are also possible
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sitting in a seat with a harness, surrounded by a crash-resistant structure
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Speed range
(stall speed – max speed)
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slowest – typically 25 to 60 km/h for recreational gliders (over 50 km/h requires use of speed bar),[1] hence easier to launch and fly in light winds; least wind penetration; pitch variation can be achieved with the controls
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faster than paragliders, slower than gliders/sailplaines
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maximum speed up to about 280 km/h (170 mph);[2] stall speed typically 65 km/h (40 mph);[2] able to fly in windier turbulent conditions and can outrun bad weather; good penetration into a headwind
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| Maximum glide ratio
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about 10, relatively poor glide performance makes long distance flights more difficult; current (as of May 2017[update]) world record is 564 kilometres (350 mi)[3]
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about 17, with up to 20 for rigid wings
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open class sailplanes – typically around 60:1, but in more common 15–18 meter span aircraft, glide ratios are between 38:1 and 52:1;[4] high glide performance enabling long distance flight, with 3,000 kilometres (1,900 mi) being current (as of November 2010[update]) record[5]
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| Turn radius
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tightest turn radius[citation needed]
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somewhat larger turn radius than paragliders, tigher than gliders/sailplanes[citation needed]
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widest turn radius but still able to circle tightly in thermals[6]
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| Landing
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smallest space needed to land, offering more landing options from cross-country flights; also easiest to pack up and carry like a bag to the nearest road
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15 m to 60 m length flat area required; can be derigged by one person and carried to the nearest road
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landings can be performed in ~250 m length field. Aerial retrieve may be possible but if not, specialized trailer needed to retrieve by road. Some sailplanes have engines that remove the need for an out-landing, if successfully started on time
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| Learning
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simplest and quickest to learn
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teaching is done in single and two-seat hang gliders
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teaching is done in a two-seat glider with dual controls
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| Convenience
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packs smaller (easier to transport and store)
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more awkward to transport and store; longer to rig and de-rig; often transported on the roof of a car
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often stored and transported in purpose-built trailers about 9 metres long, from which they are rigged. Although rigging aids allow a single person to rig a glider, usually the rigging involves 2 or 3 people. Some frequently used sailplanes are stored already rigged in hangars.
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| Cost
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cost of new is €1500 and up,[7] cheapest but shortest lasting (around 500 hours flying time, depending on treatment), active second-hand market[8]
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cost of new glider very high (top of the range 18 m turbo with instruments and trailer €250,000) but it is long lasting (up to several decades), so active second-hand market; typical cost is from €2,000 to €145,000[9]
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Template documentation
