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Solar eclipse of May 11, 2078

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Solar eclipse of May 11, 2078
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureTotal
Gamma0.1838
Magnitude1.0701
Maximum eclipse
Duration340 s (5 min 40 s)
Coordinates28°06′N 93°42′W / 28.1°N 93.7°W / 28.1; -93.7
Max. width of band232 km (144 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse17:56:55
References
Saros139 (33 of 71)
Catalog # (SE5000)9683

A total solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Wednesday, May 11, 2078,[1] with a magnitude of 1.0701. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 16 hours after perigee (on May 11, 2078, at 2:10 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter will be larger.[2]

The path of totality will be visible from parts of Kiribati, Mexico, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, the western Florida panhandle, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia, in the United States, and the eastern Canary Islands. A partial solar eclipse will also be visible for parts of Oceania, North America, Central America, the Caribbean, northern South America, Western Europe, and Northwest Africa.

Path description

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The path of totality will begin over the Pacific Ocean near Caroline Island, Kiribati. From there, it will track northeast towards North America, making landfall on the Mexican coast. In Mexico, totality will be visible in the cities of Manzanillo, Guadalajara, Aguascalientes, Zacatecas, San Luis Potosí, Ciudad Victoria, and Matamoros, Tamaulipas. The path then briefly crosses into the United States in southern Texas, including McAllen and Brownsville before crossing the Gulf of Mexico. It then re-enters the United States, passing through Louisiana (including New Orleans and Baton Rouge), Mississippi (including Biloxi), Alabama (including Mobile and Montgomery), far northwestern Florida, Georgia (including Atlanta, Athens, and Augusta), South Carolina (including Columbia and Greenville), North Carolina (including Charlotte and Raleigh), and Virginia (including Virginia Beach). It then passes over the Atlantic Ocean and ends near the Canary Islands.[3]

Eclipse details

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Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[4]

May 11, 2078 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 2078 May 11 at 15:20:00.9 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 2078 May 11 at 16:14:08.4 UTC
First Central Line 2078 May 11 at 16:15:33.1 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 2078 May 11 at 16:16:57.9 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact 2078 May 11 at 17:12:36.4 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 2078 May 11 at 17:56:54.8 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 2078 May 11 at 17:58:47.4 UTC
Greatest Duration 2078 May 11 at 18:02:17.5 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 2078 May 11 at 18:04:05.9 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact 2078 May 11 at 18:41:03.0 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 2078 May 11 at 19:36:48.0 UTC
Last Central Line 2078 May 11 at 19:38:12.0 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 2078 May 11 at 19:39:36.1 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 2078 May 11 at 20:33:47.3 UTC
May 11, 2078 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 1.07012
Eclipse Obscuration 1.14516
Gamma 0.18380
Sun Right Ascension 03h16m09.4s
Sun Declination +18°07'17.6"
Sun Semi-Diameter 15'50.2"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.7"
Moon Right Ascension 03h15m52.6s
Moon Declination +18°17'46.7"
Moon Semi-Diameter 16'39.9"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 1°01'09.6"
ΔT 104.1 s

Eclipse season

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This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of April–May 2078
April 27
Descending node (full moon)
May 11
Ascending node (new moon)
Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 113
Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 139
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Eclipses in 2078

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Metonic

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Tzolkinex

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Half-Saros

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Tritos

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Solar Saros 139

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Inex

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Triad

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Solar eclipses of 2076–2079

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This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[5]

The partial solar eclipses on January 6, 2076 and July 1, 2076 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 2076 to 2079
Ascending node   Descending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
119 June 1, 2076

Partial
−1.3897 124 November 26, 2076

Partial
1.1401
129 May 22, 2077

Total
−0.5725 134 November 15, 2077

Annular
0.4705
139 May 11, 2078

Total
0.1838 144 November 4, 2078

Annular
−0.2285
149 May 1, 2079

Total
0.9081 154 October 24, 2079

Annular
−0.9243

Saros 139

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This eclipse is a part of Saros series 139, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on May 17, 1501. It contains hybrid eclipses from August 11, 1627 through December 9, 1825 and total eclipses from December 21, 1843 through March 26, 2601. There are no annular eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 71 as a partial eclipse on July 3, 2763. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality will be produced by member 61 at 7 minutes, 29.22 seconds on July 16, 2186. This date is the longest solar eclipse computed between 4000 BC and AD 6000.[6] All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[7]

Series members 18–39 occur between 1801 and 2200:
18 19 20

November 29, 1807

December 9, 1825

December 21, 1843
21 22 23

December 31, 1861

January 11, 1880

January 22, 1898
24 25 26

February 3, 1916

February 14, 1934

February 25, 1952
27 28 29

March 7, 1970

March 18, 1988

March 29, 2006
30 31 32

April 8, 2024

April 20, 2042

April 30, 2060
33 34 35

May 11, 2078

May 22, 2096

June 3, 2114
36 37 38

June 13, 2132

June 25, 2150

July 5, 2168
39

July 16, 2186

Metonic series

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The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

21 eclipse events between July 23, 2036 and July 23, 2112
July 23–24 May 11 February 27–28 December 16–17 October 4–5
117 119 121 123 125

July 23, 2036

May 11, 2040

February 28, 2044

December 16, 2047

October 4, 2051
127 129 131 133 135

July 24, 2055

May 11, 2059

February 28, 2063

December 17, 2066

October 4, 2070
137 139 141 143 145

July 24, 2074

May 11, 2078

February 27, 2082

December 16, 2085

October 4, 2089
147 149 151 153 155

July 23, 2093

May 11, 2097

February 28, 2101

December 17, 2104

October 5, 2108
157

July 23, 2112

Tritos series

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This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

June 26, 1805
(Saros 114)

May 27, 1816
(Saros 115)

April 26, 1827
(Saros 116)

March 25, 1838
(Saros 117)

February 23, 1849
(Saros 118)

January 23, 1860
(Saros 119)

December 22, 1870
(Saros 120)

November 21, 1881
(Saros 121)

October 20, 1892
(Saros 122)

September 21, 1903
(Saros 123)

August 21, 1914
(Saros 124)

July 20, 1925
(Saros 125)

June 19, 1936
(Saros 126)

May 20, 1947
(Saros 127)

April 19, 1958
(Saros 128)

March 18, 1969
(Saros 129)

February 16, 1980
(Saros 130)

January 15, 1991
(Saros 131)

December 14, 2001
(Saros 132)

November 13, 2012
(Saros 133)

October 14, 2023
(Saros 134)

September 12, 2034
(Saros 135)

August 12, 2045
(Saros 136)

July 12, 2056
(Saros 137)

June 11, 2067
(Saros 138)

May 11, 2078
(Saros 139)

April 10, 2089
(Saros 140)

March 10, 2100
(Saros 141)

February 8, 2111
(Saros 142)

January 8, 2122
(Saros 143)

December 7, 2132
(Saros 144)

November 7, 2143
(Saros 145)

October 7, 2154
(Saros 146)

September 5, 2165
(Saros 147)

August 4, 2176
(Saros 148)

July 6, 2187
(Saros 149)

June 4, 2198
(Saros 150)

Inex series

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This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

November 9, 1817
(Saros 130)

October 20, 1846
(Saros 131)

September 29, 1875
(Saros 132)

September 9, 1904
(Saros 133)

August 21, 1933
(Saros 134)

July 31, 1962
(Saros 135)

July 11, 1991
(Saros 136)

June 21, 2020
(Saros 137)

May 31, 2049
(Saros 138)

May 11, 2078
(Saros 139)

April 23, 2107
(Saros 140)

April 1, 2136
(Saros 141)

March 12, 2165
(Saros 142)

February 21, 2194
(Saros 143)

Notes

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  1. ^ "May 11, 2078 Total Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
  2. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
  3. ^ "2078 May 11 Total Solar Eclipse - Interactive Google Map". Retrieved June 27, 2024.
  4. ^ "Total Solar Eclipse of 2078 May 11". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
  5. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  6. ^ Ten Millennium Catalog of Long Solar Eclipses, −3999 to +6000 (4000 BCE to 6000 CE) Fred Espenak.
  7. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 139". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

References

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