Silicate carbonate

The silicate carbonates are double salts that contain both silicate and carbonate in their formula. Most compounds are natural minerals containing calcium or rare earth elements. However, some have been made experimentally. Silicate carbonate minerals can be formed in limestone metamorphosed by heating from igneous intrusions.^[1] Scawtite forms where the activity of calcium is high compared to H⁺. Spurrite forms in a limited range of calcium activity and high silica activity.^[2] In magma, a carbonate rich melt is imiscible with a silicate melt.^[3]

Structures

Silicate carbonates contain carbonate triangles, and silicate tetrahedrons, SiO₄. Tillyite contains disilicate Si₂O₇ units.^[1]

Properties

List

formula	name	structure	comment	ref
Ca₄Si₂O₆(OH)₂(CO₃)	fukalite			^[4]
Ca₅(SiO₄)₂(CO₃)	spurrite			^[5]
Ca₅(Si₂O₇)(CO₃)₂	tilleyite	monoclinic =7.582 Å, b=10.265 Å, c =15.030 Å β=103.99°		^[1]
Ca₅(Si₂O₇)(CO₃)₂	post-Tilleyite			^[1]
Ca₆(CO₃)_1.58(Si₂O₇)_0.21(OH)₇Cl_0.5(OH)_0.08 (H₂O)_0.42	deferenite			^[6]
Ca₇(SiO₄)₃(CO₃)	galuskinite			^[1]
Ca₇(Si₆O₁₈)(CO₃)·2H₂O	scawtite			^[1]
Ca₃Si(OH)₆(CO₃)(SO₄)•12H₂O	thaumasite	Hexagonal a = 11.03, c = 10.4		^[7]
Na₇Ca[Al₆Si₆O₂₄](CO₃)1.5•2H₂O	cancrinite	hexagonal a = 12.67 c = 5.15		^[8]
(Ca₄Al₆Si₆O₂₄CO₃)	meionite	tetragonal I4/m a = 12.179, c = 7.571, Z = 2		^[9]
(Ca,Na)₄Al₆Si₆O₂₄(SO₄,CO₃)	silvialite
	scapolite			^[10]
K₂Ca[Si₂O₅](CO₃)		P6₃22 a = 5.0479 c = 17.8668	artificial	^[6]
KNa₄Ca₄[Si₈O₁₈](CO₃)₄F·H₂O	carletonite			^[6]
Y₂(SiO₄)(CO₃)	iimoriite-(Y)	triclinic P1_ a=6.549 b=6.629 c=6.4395 α=116.36° β=92.56° γ=195.507°		^[11]
Ca₂Y₂[SiO₃]₄(CO₃)·H₂O	kainosite			^[6]
Ca₄Y₄[Si₂O₅]₄(CO₃)₆·7H₂O	caysichite			^[6]
K₅Na₅Y₁₂[Si₂O₅]₁₄(CO₃)₈(OH)₂·8H₂O	ashcroftine			^[6]
Na₂Ba₂FeTi[Si₂O₇](CO₃) (OH)₃F	bussenite			^[6]
Ba₆Fe₃[Si₈O₂₃](CO₃)₂Cl₃·H₂O	fencooperite			^[6]
La₂Mn(CO₃)(Si₂O₇)	alexkuznetsovite-(La)	P2₁/c Z = 4 a = 6.5642 b = 6.7689 c = 18.721 Å, β = 108.684° V = 788.00 Å³		^[12]
La₂Fe²⁺(CO₃)(Si₂O₇)	biraite-(La)	P2₁/c Z = 4 a = 6.566 b = 6.767 c = 18.698 Å, β = 108.95° V = 785.7 Å³		^[12]
Ce₂Mn(CO₃)(Si₂O₇)	alexkuznetsovite-(Ce)	P2₁/c Z = 4 a = 6.5764 b = 6.7685 c = 18.749 Å, β = 108.672° V =790.7 Å³		^[12]
Ce₂Fe²⁺[Si₂O₇](CO₃)	biraite	monoclinic P2₁/c, a 6.505 b 6.744 c 18.561 β=108.75°		^[6]^[13]
Na₂Ce₂TiO₂[SiO₄](CO₃)₂	tundrite			^[6]
(Y_1.44Er_0.56)[SiO₄](CO₃)	iimorite			^[6]
Pb_19.4Na_1.9[Si₁₀O₂₅](CO₃)₉(OH)_12.7			artificial	^[14]
Cu₄Pb₄[SiO₃](HCO₃)₄)OH)₄Cl	ashburtonite			^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Santamaria-Perez, David; Ruiz-Fuertes, Javier; Peña-Alvarez, Miriam; Chulia-Jordan, Raquel; Marqueño, Tomas; Zimmer, Dominik; Gutiérrez-Cano, Vanessa; MacLeod, Simon; Gregoryanz, Eugene; Popescu, Catalin; Rodríguez-Hernández, Plácida; Muñoz, Alfonso (27 May 2019). "Post-tilleyite, a dense calcium silicate-carbonate phase". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 7898. Bibcode:2019NatSR...9.7898S. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-44326-9. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6536543. PMID 31133679.
^ Radha, A. V.; Navrotsky, A. (1 January 2013). "Thermodynamics of Carbonates". Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry. 77 (1): 73–121. Bibcode:2013RvMG...77...73R. doi:10.2138/rmg.2013.77.3.
^ Berndt, Jasper; Klemme, Stephan (24 May 2022). "Origin of carbonatites—liquid immiscibility caught in the act". Nature Communications. 13 (1). doi:10.1038/s41467-022-30500-7. PMC 9130134.
^ Zhang, Yin-Qing; Radha, A.V.; Navrotsky, Alexandra (August 2013). "Thermochemistry of two calcium silicate carbonate minerals: scawtite, Ca7(Si6O18)(CO3)·2H2O, and spurrite, Ca5(SiO4)2(CO3)". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 115: 92–99. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2013.03.031.
^ Santamaria-Perez, David; Ruiz-Fuertes, Javier; Marqueño, Tomas; Pellicer-Porres, Julio; Chulia-Jordan, Raquel; MacLeod, Simon; Popescu, Catalin (11 December 2017). "Structural Behavior of Natural Silicate–Carbonate Spurrite Mineral, Ca5(SiO4)2(CO3), under High-Pressure, High-Temperature Conditions". Inorganic Chemistry. 57 (1): 98–105. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02101. PMID 29227639.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Belokoneva, Elena L.; Stefanovich, Sergey Yu.; Volkov, Anatoly S.; Dimitrova, Olga V. (October 2016). "A new nonlinear optical silicate carbonate K2Ca[Si2O5](CO3) with a hybrid structure of kalsilite and soda-like layered fragments". Solid State Sciences. 60: 23–27. doi:10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2016.08.003.
^ "Thaumasite Mineral Data". www.webmineral.com.
^ "Cancrinite". Archived from the original on 2024-02-06. Retrieved 2024-02-06.
^ "Meionite".
^ "Scapolite: A metamorphic mineral and interesting gem". geology.com. Retrieved 2024-01-23.
^ "The atomic arrangement of iimoriite-(Y), Y 2 (SiO 4)(CO 3)" (PDF). The Canadian Mineralogist. 34 (4): 817–820.
^ ^a ^b ^c Kasatkin, Anatoly V.; Zubkova, Natalia V.; Pekov, Igor V.; Chukanov, Nikita V.; Škoda, Radek; Agakhanov, Atali A.; Belakovskiy, Dmitriy I.; Britvin, Sergey N.; Yu. Pushcharovsky, Dmitry (October 2021). "The mineralogy of the historical Mochalin Log REE deposit, South Urals, Russia. Part IV. Alexkuznetsovite-(La), La 2 Mn(CO 3 )(Si 2 O 7 ), alexkuznetsovite-(Ce), Ce 2 Mn(CO 3 )(Si 2 O 7 ) and biraite-(La), La 2 Fe 2+ (CO 3 )(Si 2 O 7 ), three new isostructural minerals and a definition of the biraite group". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (5): 772–783. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..772K. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.64. ISSN 0026-461X. S2CID 239701801.
^ Konev, Alexey; Pasero, Marco; Pushcharovsky, Dmitry; Merlino, Stefano; Kashaev, Anvar; Suvorova, Ludmila; Ushchapovskaya, Zinaida; Nartova, Nadezda; Lebedeva, Yulia; Chukanov, Nikita (2005-10-18). "Biraite-(Ce), Ce2Fe2+(CO3)(Si2O7), a new mineral from Siberia with a novel structure type". European Journal of Mineralogy. 17 (5): 715–721. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2005/0017-0715. ISSN 0935-1221.
^ Belokoneva, E. L.; Eremina, T. A.; Dimitrova, O. V.; Volkov, A. S. (January 2021). "New Lead Silicates: Structures and Topology and Symmetry Analysis". Crystallography Reports. 66 (1): 95–104. Bibcode:2021CryRp..66...95B. doi:10.1134/S1063774521010028. ISSN 1063-7745. S2CID 255201629.

[santap-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Santamaria-Perez, David; Ruiz-Fuertes, Javier; Peña-Alvarez, Miriam; Chulia-Jordan, Raquel; Marqueño, Tomas; Zimmer, Dominik; Gutiérrez-Cano, Vanessa; MacLeod, Simon; Gregoryanz, Eugene; Popescu, Catalin; Rodríguez-Hernández, Plácida; Muñoz, Alfonso (27 May 2019). "Post-tilleyite, a dense calcium silicate-carbonate phase". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 7898. Bibcode:2019NatSR...9.7898S. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-44326-9. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6536543. PMID 31133679.

[2] Radha, A. V.; Navrotsky, A. (1 January 2013). "Thermodynamics of Carbonates". Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry. 77 (1): 73–121. Bibcode:2013RvMG...77...73R. doi:10.2138/rmg.2013.77.3.

[3] Berndt, Jasper; Klemme, Stephan (24 May 2022). "Origin of carbonatites—liquid immiscibility caught in the act". Nature Communications. 13 (1). doi:10.1038/s41467-022-30500-7. PMC 9130134.

[4] Zhang, Yin-Qing; Radha, A.V.; Navrotsky, Alexandra (August 2013). "Thermochemistry of two calcium silicate carbonate minerals: scawtite, Ca7(Si6O18)(CO3)·2H2O, and spurrite, Ca5(SiO4)2(CO3)". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 115: 92–99. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2013.03.031.

[5] Santamaria-Perez, David; Ruiz-Fuertes, Javier; Marqueño, Tomas; Pellicer-Porres, Julio; Chulia-Jordan, Raquel; MacLeod, Simon; Popescu, Catalin (11 December 2017). "Structural Behavior of Natural Silicate–Carbonate Spurrite Mineral, Ca5(SiO4)2(CO3), under High-Pressure, High-Temperature Conditions". Inorganic Chemistry. 57 (1): 98–105. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02101. PMID 29227639.

[:0-6] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Belokoneva, Elena L.; Stefanovich, Sergey Yu.; Volkov, Anatoly S.; Dimitrova, Olga V. (October 2016). "A new nonlinear optical silicate carbonate K2Ca[Si2O5](CO3) with a hybrid structure of kalsilite and soda-like layered fragments". Solid State Sciences. 60: 23–27. doi:10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2016.08.003.

[7] "Thaumasite Mineral Data". www.webmineral.com.

[8] "Cancrinite". Archived from the original on 2024-02-06. Retrieved 2024-02-06.

[9] "Meionite".

[10] "Scapolite: A metamorphic mineral and interesting gem". geology.com. Retrieved 2024-01-23.

[11] "The atomic arrangement of iimoriite-(Y), Y 2 (SiO 4)(CO 3)" (PDF). The Canadian Mineralogist. 34 (4): 817–820.

[:1-12] Kasatkin, Anatoly V.; Zubkova, Natalia V.; Pekov, Igor V.; Chukanov, Nikita V.; Škoda, Radek; Agakhanov, Atali A.; Belakovskiy, Dmitriy I.; Britvin, Sergey N.; Yu. Pushcharovsky, Dmitry (October 2021). "The mineralogy of the historical Mochalin Log REE deposit, South Urals, Russia. Part IV. Alexkuznetsovite-(La), La 2 Mn(CO 3 )(Si 2 O 7 ), alexkuznetsovite-(Ce), Ce 2 Mn(CO 3 )(Si 2 O 7 ) and biraite-(La), La 2 Fe 2+ (CO 3 )(Si 2 O 7 ), three new isostructural minerals and a definition of the biraite group". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (5): 772–783. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..772K. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.64. ISSN 0026-461X. S2CID 239701801.

[13] Konev, Alexey; Pasero, Marco; Pushcharovsky, Dmitry; Merlino, Stefano; Kashaev, Anvar; Suvorova, Ludmila; Ushchapovskaya, Zinaida; Nartova, Nadezda; Lebedeva, Yulia; Chukanov, Nikita (2005-10-18). "Biraite-(Ce), Ce2Fe2+(CO3)(Si2O7), a new mineral from Siberia with a novel structure type". European Journal of Mineralogy. 17 (5): 715–721. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2005/0017-0715. ISSN 0935-1221.

[14] Belokoneva, E. L.; Eremina, T. A.; Dimitrova, O. V.; Volkov, A. S. (January 2021). "New Lead Silicates: Structures and Topology and Symmetry Analysis". Crystallography Reports. 66 (1): 95–104. Bibcode:2021CryRp..66...95B. doi:10.1134/S1063774521010028. ISSN 1063-7745. S2CID 255201629.

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