Saundarya Lahari

The Saundarya Lahari (Sanskrit: सौन्दर्यलहरी, romanized: Saundaryalaharī, lit. 'the waves of beauty') is a famous literary work in Sanskrit attributed to Pushpadanta as well as Adi Shankara .^[1] Some believe the first part "Ananda Lahari" was etched on mount Meru by Ganesha himself (or by Pushpadanta).^[2] Sage Gaudapada, the teacher of Shankar's teacher Govinda Bhagavadpada, memorised the writings of Pushpadanta which was carried down to Adi Shankara. Its hundred and three shlokas (verses) praise the beauty, grace and munificence of Tripura Sundari as a form of Parvati. W. Norman Brown translated it to English which was published as volume 43 of the Harvard Oriental Series in 1958.^[3][4][5]

Scholars^[who?] believe that Ādi Shankaracharya composed Soundaryalahari in Kashmir.^[6]

The Saundarya Lahari is not only a collection of holy hymns, but also a Tantra textbook,^[7] giving instructions on puja, Sri-Yantra, and worshiping methods, 100 different hymns, 100 different yantra, almost one to each shloka; it describes the appropriate tantra method of performing devotion connected to each specific shloka; and details the results ensuring therefrom. There are many interpretations and commentaries but best of these are arguably those that provide word-to-word translations, as also the yantra,^[7] the devotion to be performed and the results of the devotion.

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There are several legends about this work. According to one legend, Adi Shankara visited Kailash to worship Shiva and Parvati. There, Shiva gave him a manuscript containing 100 verses which described the many facets of the goddess, as a gift to him. While Adi Shankara was returning after visiting Kailash, Nandi stopped him on the way. He snatched the manuscript from him, tore it into two, took one part and gave the other to Adi Shankara. Adi Shankara, desolate, ran to Shiva and narrated the incident to him. Shiva, smilingly, commanded him to retain the 41 verses with him as the initial part of the 100 verses and then, write an extra 59 verses in praise of the goddess himself. Thus, verses 1–41 are the original work of Shiva, shedding great light on the ancient rituals of Tantra, Yantra, and various powerful mantras. The remaining verses, that is, 42–100 are composed by Adi Shankara himself, which mainly focuses on the appearance of the goddess.^[7] Yet another legend says that once when Adi Shankara was visiting Kailash, Shiva was writing about the beauty of goddess Parvati on the walls of their home. Shiva rubbed what he wrote as he didn't want Adi Shankara who was an outsider reading about the beauty of his wife. But Adi Shankara had seen some part of the writings and with his superior mind recollected the rest. Thus, he composed the Saundarya Lahari.

First 41 verses cover the detailed account of internal worship of the Mother. It consists of systematic exposition of the concept of kundalini, Sri Chakra, mantra (verses 32, 33). This depicts the Supreme Reality as non-dual but with a distinction between Shiva and Shakti, the power holder and Power, Being and Will. The Power, that is, the Mother or Maha Tripura Sundari, becomes the dominant factor and the power holder or Shiva becomes a substratum. The first verse itself clearly describes this idea. "United with Shakti, Shiva is endowed with power to create; or otherwise, he is incapable of even a movement." The same idea is brought out in verse 24, "Brahma creates the universe, Vishnu sustains, Rudra destroys, and Maheshwar absorbs every thing and assimilates into Sadashiva. On receiving mandate from thy creeper like brows, Sadasiva restores everything into activity as in the previous cycle." Such prominence of the Mother can be seen in verses 34 and 35 also.

There are more than 36 commentaries on the Saundarya Lahari in Sanskrit itself.^[2] Among the better known are commentaries by Lakshmidhara, Kameshvarasuri (viz. Arunamodini), Kaivalyashrama (viz. Sowbagyavardhini) and Dindima.^[8]

The Saundarya Lahari was translated into Tamil in the 12th century by Virai Kaviraja Pandithar. He titled the book Abhirami Paadal.^[9]

There are many English translations with commentaries on Saundarya Lahari done by various authors.

• Pandit S. Subrahmanya Sastri and T.R Srinivasa Ayyangar^[7]
• Swami Tapasyananda of Sri Ramakrishna Math^[10]
• Swami Satyasangananda Saraswathi (of Bihar School of Yoga) has authored a modern commentary with Sri Vidya meditations on Devi for each verse^[11]
• Mani Rao, "Saundarya Lahari" HarperCollins 2022.^[12]

• Adi Shankara bibliography
• Shivananda Lahari